Exploring the Protective Potential of Carboxymethyl Terminalia catappa Polysaccharide on Blue Light Light-Emitting Diode Induced Corneal Damage

Background: Excessive blue light light-emitting diode (LED) exposure and consequent oxidative stress causes corneal damage and corneal injuries are the major problem arising these days due to excessive use of mobile phone, TV, environment pollution, etc. Objective: In the present investigation, the protectiveness of carboxymethyl Terminalia catappa (CTC) from blue light LED-induced corneal damage was explored. Methods: For this purpose, Terminalia catappa (TC) was functionalized by carboxymethylation and its structural modification was confirmed by spectral attributes. Further, the CTC protective eye drop formulations (0.025-1%, w/v) were prepared and evaluated for their capability of protection from blue light LEDinduced corneal damage as compared to CTC protective eye gel (1.25-7%, w/v). The findings pointed towards excellent protection of CTC gel formulations as compared to CTC eye drop formulations. In addition, the prepared optimized CTC gel had thixotropic behavior as evident from percentage structural recovery which was 1.75 fold higher than marketed formulation (I-Comfort, HPMC 2%, w/v). The safety and non-toxicity of CTC protective eye drop and gel were confirmed by HET-CAM test. Further, a rat eye model was implemented that mimic blue light light-emitting diode induced corneal damage in day to day life to assess the protective effect of CTC protective eye drop and gel. Results: The order of protectiveness of CTC formulations was found to be CTC protective eye gel (4%, w/v) (no corneal damage)>marketed eye gel (12.34% corneal damage)=CTC protective eye drop (0.75%, w/v) (17.48% corneal damage)> marketed eye drop (51% corneal damage). The mechanism behind the protective effect of CTC eye drop and gel was associated with good free radical scavenging activity and corneal adhesive property of CTC. It is established from the present work that, carboxymethyl Terminalia catappa has protective action against blue light light-emitting diode induced corneal damage.

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Protective Effect of Astaxanthin on Blue Light Light-Emitting Diode-Induced Retinal Cell Damage via Free Radical Scavenging and Activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway in 661W Cell Model

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18080387 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 387 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chao-Wen Lin ◽

Chung-May Yang ◽

Chang-Hao Yang

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Free Radical ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Blue Light ◽

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Photoreceptor Cells ◽

Light Emitting

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used and energy-efficient light sources in modern life that emit higher levels of short-wavelength blue light. Excessive blue light exposure may damage the photoreceptor cells in our eyes. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll that is abundantly available in seafood, is a potent free radical scavenger and anti-inflammatory agent. We used a 661W photoreceptor cell line to investigate the protective effect of astaxanthin on blue light LED-induced retinal injury. The cells were treated with various concentrations of astaxanthin and then exposed to blue light LED. Our results showed that pretreatment with astaxanthin inhibited blue light LED-induced cell apoptosis and prevented cell death. Moreover, the protective effect was concentration dependent. Astaxanthin suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress biomarkers and diminished mitochondrial damage induced by blue light exposure. Western blot analysis confirmed that astaxanthin activated the PI3K/Akt pathway, induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and increased the expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes. The expression of antioxidant enzymes and the suppression of apoptosis-related proteins eventually protected the 661W cells against blue light LED-induced cell damage. Thus, our results demonstrated that astaxanthin exerted a dose-dependent protective effect on photoreceptor cells against damage mediated by blue light LED exposure.

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Design and applications of miniaturized, portable LED based colorimeter

Chemija ◽

10.6001/chemija.v29i4.3836 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Tomas Drevinskas ◽

Audrius Maruška ◽

Eimantas Gladkauskas ◽

Laimutis Telksnys ◽

Valdas Girdauskas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Battery Power ◽

Length Width ◽

3D Printed ◽

Communication Capability

Portable and autonomous analytical instrumentation is becoming more important. Portable instrumentation can be designed via the miniaturization approach and this is a challenging task due to: (i) the limited battery power supply, (ii) a low number of mechanical and moving parts allowed in the design and (iii) susceptibility to changing environment and temperature fluctuations. In this work we describe the design of a light emitting diode (LED) based 3D printed miniaturized colorimeter (dimensions: 5 cm × 4 cm × 4.5 cm (length, width, height), weight less than 56 g). The colorimeter was optimized for determination of the total phenolic compound content, the total flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity. The designed instrument provides comparable results to those of a conventional desktop spectrophotometer existing on the market. The designed LED based miniaturized colorimeter has wireless communication capability. This work demonstrates that this instrument can be applied investigating real samples.

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Effect of Multispectral Pulsed Light-Emitting Diodes on the Growth, Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Response of Baby Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 762

Author(s):

Jurga Miliauskienė ◽

Robert F. Karlicek ◽

Elsebeth Kolmos

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Photosynthetic Performance ◽

Duty Ratio ◽

Pulsed Light ◽

Carotenoid Concentration ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Light Emitting

The effect of multicolor pulsed light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on lettuce “Defender” growth, photosynthetic performance and antioxidant properties was studied. The experiments were designed to compare the continuous and pulsed lighting (0.5, 1 kHz; 50% duty ratio) effects of B450, G520, R660 and FR735 lighting components, maintaining total diurnal integral light quantity (DLI 14.4 mol m−2 day−1) constant during the 16-h photoperiod. The results showed that lettuce grown under pulsed irradiation displayed superior growth performance, including a significant enhancement of fresh (~32%) and dry biomass (~36%) and leaf area (~48%). Lettuce cultivated in both pulsed light treatments was characterized by the higher photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll (a,b) and carotenoid concentration. However, the total phenol and antioxidant properties in lettuce were more dependent on the specific pulsed light frequency. Only treatment with 1 kHz frequency was effective for higher phenol content, 2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Thus, our results propose the role of pulsed LED light in improving the photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidative properties of lettuce plants cultivated indoors. In the future, pulsed lighting techniques should be included in the development of artificial lighting systems in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) to produce high-quality crops with the possibility to save electricity.

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Silicon-Based Blue Light Emitting Diode

10.21236/ada282382 ◽

1993 ◽

Author(s):

SPIRE CORP BEDFORD MA

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Silicon Based

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In vitro and in vivo Efficacy of New Blue Light Emitting Diode Phototherapy Compared to Conventional Halogen Quartz Phototherapy for Neonatal Jaundice

Journal of Korean Medical Science ◽

10.3346/jkms.2005.20.1.61 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Yun Sil Chang ◽

Jong Hee Hwang ◽

Hyuk Nam Kwon ◽

Chang Won Choi ◽

Sun Young Ko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Neonatal Jaundice ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

In Vivo Efficacy ◽

Light Emitting

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Operando direct observation of spin-states and charge-trappings of blue light-emitting-diode materials in thin-film devices

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-75668-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fumiya Osawa ◽

Kazuhiro Marumoto

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

High Performance ◽

Density Functional ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Green Light ◽

Spin States ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Full Color ◽

Color Displays ◽

Materials Used

Abstract Spin-states and charge-trappings in blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are important issues for developing high-device-performance application such as full-color displays and white illumination. However, they have not yet been completely clarified because of the lack of a study from a microscopic viewpoint. Here, we report operando electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to investigate the spin-states and charge-trappings in organic semiconductor materials used for blue OLEDs such as a blue light-emitting material 1-bis(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN) using metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) diodes, hole or electron only devices, and blue OLEDs from the microscopic viewpoint. We have clarified spin-states of electrically accumulated holes and electrons and their charge-trappings in the MIS diodes at the molecular level by directly observing their electrically-induced ESR signals; the spin-states are well reproduced by density functional theory. In contrast to a green light-emitting material, the ADN radical anions largely accumulate in the film, which will cause the large degradation of the molecule and devices. The result will give deeper understanding of blue OLEDs and be useful for developing high-performance and durable devices.

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Optimization and evaluation of a blue light photoinitiating system for textile inkjet printing

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517518783346 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (10) ◽

pp. 1964-1974

Author(s):

Yi Huang ◽

Guangdong Sun ◽

Yating Ji ◽

Dapeng Li ◽

Qinguo Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Absorption Efficiency ◽

Polymerization Rate ◽

Nozzle Clogging ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Custom Made ◽

Light Curing ◽

Set Up ◽

Pigment Ink

A blue light curing process was developed to solve the nozzle clogging challenge commonly encountered in conventional textile pigment printing, by using camphorquinone (CQ) and ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDMAB) as a photoinitiator combination and substituting oligomers and monomers for a polymeric binder. High light absorption efficiency was insured by closely matching the spectrum of the photoinitiator with a custom-made blue light light-emitting diode set-up. Kinetic analyses of such a CQ/EDMAB system indicated that the maximum polymerization rate of the monomer was proportional to [PI]0.5 and [I0]0.5, while excessive high photoinitiator concentration (>1 wt%) will decrease the polymerization rate because of the “filter effect.” With optimized blue light curable pigment ink formula and irradiation conditions, the photocurable pigment printed fabrics exhibited uniform and vibrant colors, clear outlines, and excellent wet and dry rubbing fastness of grades 4 and 4–5, respectively.

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Homogeneous ZnO nanowire arrays p-n junction for blue light-emitting diode applications

Optics Express ◽

10.1364/oe.27.0a1207 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (16) ◽

pp. A1207 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mingming Su ◽

Tanglei Zhang ◽

Jun Su ◽

Zhao Wang ◽

Yongming Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Nanowire Arrays ◽

Zno Nanowire ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Zno Nanowire Arrays

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Effect of Light-Emitting Diodes on the Mycelial Biomass Production and Antioxidant Activity of Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst.

CLSU International Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.22137/ijst.2021.v5n1.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Abegail Alcazar ◽

◽

Rich Milton Dulay ◽

Sofronio Kalaw ◽

Renato Reyes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Mycelial Biomass ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Colony Diameter ◽

Red Led

Light is an important factor for the growth of many forms of life, including mushrooms. This paper highlights the effects of the different wavelengths (red, 650 nm; blue, 450 nm; green, 525 nm) of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the growth, biomass production and antioxidant properties of Ganoderma lucidum. G. lucidum is a white-rot, wood-degrading fungus in the Basiodiomycota that typically grows on logs. Mycelia were grown on coconut water agar (CWA) solid media for analysis of mycelial colony diameter as well as coconut water (CW) submerged culture for analysis of mycelial biomass weight. Both set-ups were incubated in variously-colored LED chambers. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of the harvested mycelia were also determined. After three days of incubation, G. lucidum mycelia under red LED recorded the highest mean mycelial colony diameter of 72.50 mm. In terms of mycelia biomass production, G. lucidum mycelia exposed in red LED and dark produced the heaviest weight. On the other hand, mycelia grown under green LED had the highest radical scavenging activity of 66.49% while those harvested from red LED showed the highest total phenolic content of 81.29 mg GAE / g of sample. Our results demonstrate that LED color influences the mycelial growth, biomass production and antioxidant activities of G. lucidum.

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