scholarly journals Determinants of Restrictive Spirometric Pattern in a Sub-Saharan Urban Setting: A Cross-sectional Population-based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Walter Pefura-Yone ◽  
Adamou Dodo Balkissou ◽  
Andre Pascal Kengne
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Restrictive Pattern

Background Restrictive spirometric pattern is a risk factor for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Objective We assessed the prevalence of restrictive pattern and investigated its determinants in a major sub-Saharan Africa city. Methods Participants were adults (≥ 19 years) who took part in a population-based survey in Yaounde (Cameroon) between December 2013 and April 2014. Restrictive pattern was based on a FVC below the lower limit of the normal (LLN) and a ratio forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/FVC ≥ LLN (LLN-based restrictive pattern) or a FVC <80% and FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN (fixed cut-off based restrictive pattern). Determinants were investigated by logistic regressions. Results In all, 1003 participants [514 (51.2%) women] with a mean age of 33.7 years were included. The prevalence of restrictive pattern was 18.8% (95%CI: 16.6-21.2) based on LLN and 15.0% (13.0-17.2) based on fixed cut-off. LLN-based restrictive pattern was mild in 148 (78.3%) subjects, moderate in 35 (18.5%) and severe in 6 (3.2%). Determinants of LLN-based restrictive pattern were age ≥ 60 years [adjusted odds ratio 2.90 (95%CI 1.46-5.77), p=0.002), history of pulmonary tuberculosis [3.81(1.42-10.20), p=0.008], prevalent heart diseases [3.81 (1.20-12.12), p=0.024] and underweight [5.15(1.30-20.39), p=0.020]. Determinants were largely similar with slightly different effect sizes for fixed cut-off based restrictive pattern. Conclusion Restrictive pattern was very frequent in this city. Clinical implications These results enhance the needs to increase the efforts to prevent and control tuberculosis, cardiovascular diseases and underweight in this setting.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among Assosa town, WesternEthiopia, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Hypertension, the global first and third risk for mortality and disease burden respectively, is recording an increment in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. This study aimed to identify prevalence and its associated risk factor of Hypertension in the Assosa town. Objective: To identify prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in the study area to increase it’s prevention and control methods. Methods & materials: Institutional based cross sectional study design with quota non-probability sampling technique was conducted among patients visited OPD units ofAssosa General Hospital (AGH) andAssosa Health Center(AHC) fromMarch to June 2018. All outpatients were included. To collect data, pre-tested structured questionnaire and face to face interviews were used. Components ofstatisticalresearch software SPSS version-21 like frequency table, chi-square test of independence & logistic regression was used to enter, analyze, summarize and characterize disease and associated factors data. Result: The study was conducted among 194 participants(152 from AGH and 42 from AHC) with 102 males and 92 females. Prevalence of hypertension among patients visited outpatient units of Assosa General Hospital and Assosa Health Center was 17.5%, and was slightly highest in male than female. Associated factors for hypertension among patients visited OPD units of AGH & AHC were history of hypertension in the family (CI=95% and COR=4.497(1.133-17.844) and being private employee (CI=95% and COR=0.0017(0.001-0.407). Conclusion & recommendation: Prevalence of HTN in the Assosa town, was low and influenced by some risk factors like work status and previousfamily history of hypertension. Even if usual usage ofsalt and using vegetable oil was not associated factor, being private employee were independent factor of HTN. In-depth study is recommended for further investigation. To increase preventative methods of HTN, health education supported by mass media, illustrative posters and anotherstrategies at every government & non government work sector are recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence of COPD among women and relation with cooking fuel choice in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 928-933
Author(s):  
A. Sana ◽  
N. Meda ◽  
B. Kafando ◽  
G. Badoum ◽  
C. Bouland
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Urgent Action

BACKGROUND: According to the WHO, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will become the third leading cause of death by 2030. In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of the disease is unknown. We assessed the prevalence and the factors associated with COPD and chronic bronchitis among women in charge of household cooking.METHODS: A cross-sectional population survey was conducted. We randomly selected women aged ≥18 years in charge of cooking in their household. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec/forced vital capacity) ratio of <0.70; chronic bronchitis was defined as cough with sputum of at least 3 months in the year for at least 2 consecutive years.RESULTS: Of the 1705 women interviewed, 835 were selected to perform spirometry and 564 provided an acceptable test result. The prevalence of COPD was 1.1% and that of chronic bronchitis was 1.2%. COPD prevalence was higher among women using biomass, women aged >40 years, those had been cooking or had been exposed to toxic gases for more than 30 years. After adjustment, only biomass fuel use and exposure to toxic products were found to be associated with COPD.CONCLUSION: Urgent action is need to accelerate the transition to the other sources of energy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control in Botswana: A Nationally Representative Population-Based Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Neo M. Tapela ◽  
Lei Clifton ◽  
Gontse Tshisimogo ◽  
Moagi Gaborone ◽  
Tebogo Madidimalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence Support ◽  
Hypertension Awareness ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Control

Introduction. Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and an emerging public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Few studies have examined performance on the management of hypertension in this region, where the context may be distinct from other developing regions. Objectives. We aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control among adults in Botswana, a middle-income African country undergoing rapid demographic transition and with high HIV burden. Methods. In this 2014 cross-sectional survey of adults aged 15–69 years, information on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behavior, and medical history was collected through in-person interviews and physical measurements (body mass index and triplicate blood pressure (BP)). Hypertension was defined as self-report of use of antihypertensives in the previous two weeks and/or having elevated BP (≥140/90 mmHg). Multivariable logistic regression was employed to explore factors associated with hypertension, awareness (report of previous diagnosis), treatment (antihypertensives), and control (BP < 140/90). Results. Our analysis (N = 4,007) yielded an age-standardized hypertension prevalence of 30% (95% CI: 28%–32%, N = 1,393). Among hypertensives, 54% (50–58%) were unaware of their condition, 45% (40–50%) of those aware were untreated, and 63% (55–70%) of those on medications were suboptimally treated (BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg). A fifth of hypertensives who were diagnosed but not on medications had BP ≥ 180/110 mmHg. Diabetes was the strongest correlate of hypertension and awareness (aOR 4.00, 1.86–8.59; aOR 3.30, 1.44–7.55, respectively). Males were less likely to be aware (aOR 0.62, 0.41–0.94) or controlled (aOR 0.36, 0.16–0.83). Obese individuals were more likely to be treated (aOR 2.17, 1.12–4.22), yet less likely to be controlled (aOR 0.32, 0.15–0.66). Conclusions. We report the first nationally representative estimates of the hypertension care cascade performance in Botswana, which will support planning and future policy evaluations. Findings contribute to the relatively sparse evidence on this subject and may inform development of innovations that improve quality of hypertension management and adherence support in similar settings.

scholarly journals Prevalence and characteristics of accidental perineal tears during childbirth in a communal medical center in Guinea-Conakry: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Oumou Hawa Bah ◽  
Boubacar Alpha Diallo ◽  
Aboubacar Fode Momo Soumah ◽  
Boubacar Siddi Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Perineal Tears ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Prevalence studies are still rare in sub-Saharan Africa on perineal tears. We conducted this cross-sectional study in a communal hospital in Guinea-Conakry, with the objective of this study was to determining the prevalence and characteristics of post-obstetric perineal lesions.Methods: All deliveries between March 1st and August 31st, 2014 were reviewed. We included in the analysis all the single deliveries with perineal tears. The Anglo-Saxon classification of perineal tears was used.Results: The prevalence of perineal tears was 5.7% with 5.4% benign lesions and 0.3% severe lesions. We did not register 4th degree lesions. The average age of parturient was 22 years. The majority (96.6%) of parturient had a history of genital mutilation and perineal scarring (60.3%).Conclusions: This prevalence appear low compared to those reported in other studies in Africa and point to the need for more sophisticated studies to have a better estimate of the prevalence of perineal tears in Guinea-Conakry.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus among patients attending TB clinics in Dar es Salaam: a descriptive cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Munseri ◽  
Henrika Kimambo ◽  
Kisali Pallangyo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background A bi-directional interaction between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis is well established and has been likened to that between HIV and TB. Whereas HIV screening is standard of care test in sub Saharan Africa TB programs, the same is not true for diabetes mellitus (DM). Sub Saharan Africa, a region with high TB infection rates, is going through an epidemiological transition with rapidly rising prevalence of diabetes. We aimed at characterizing TB patients with DM in order to identify factors associated with TB-DM dual disease among patients attending TB clinics in Dar es Salaam. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2016 and January 2017 among patients attending TB clinics in Dar es Salaam. We collected socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements and screened for diabetes by measuring fasting blood glucose that was followed by a 2 h postprandial glucose for participants with impaired fasting blood glucose. We examined for socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with diabetes using logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 660 enrolled participants with TB, 25 (3.8%) were on treatment for diabetes while 39 (6.1%) and 147 (23%) of the remaining 635 participants were ultimately diagnosed with DM and impaired fasting blood glucose respectively. The overall prevalence of DM was 9.7% (64/660). Independent risk factors for diabetes included: age > 44 years {OR 4.52, 95% CI: [1.28–15.89]}; family history of diabetes {OR 3.42, 95% [CI 1.88–6.21]}. HIV sero-positive TB patients were less likely to have DM compared to those who were HIV sero-negative {OR 0.35, 95% CI [0.17–0.73]}. Conclusions Screening for diabetes should be advocated for TB patients aged above 44 years and/or with a family history of diabetes. HIV sero-negative TB patients were more likely to have DM compared to those who were HIV sero-positive. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation and the underlying factors.

scholarly journals Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among 10663 Adults in Kherameh: A Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Rezaianzadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Jafari ◽  
Seyed Ebrahim Sadeghi ◽  
Salar Rahimikazerooni ◽  
Ehsan Bahramali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Second Degree

Abstract Background: Hypertension (HTN) is known to be a modifiable risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs), stroke, and kidney disease. The present study aimed to determine awareness, treatment, and control of HTN and the related factors in Kherameh, Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 10663 individuals over 40 years of age using Kherameh cohort data. HTN was defined as either Systolic/Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP/DBP) ≥140/90 mmHg or taking medications. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between awareness, treatment, and control and their related factors. Results: Awareness, treatment, and control rates were 80.3%, 78%, and 53.6%, respectively among the individuals with HTN. Age, gender, body mass index, and CVD were associated with all dependent variables in the regression model. In addition, occupation, diabetes, chronic diseases, history of CVD in the first- and second-degree relatives, and history of chronic diseases in the second-degree relatives were related to all dependent variables, except for treatment.Conclusion: The results indicated that despite the high level of awareness, the proportion of patients under treatment and control gradually decreased, such a way that about half of the patients had abnormal blood pressure. Hence, educational intervention is recommended to increase the patients’ awareness to ensure the continuous use of antihypertensive drugs in order to help control the disease more efficiently.

scholarly journals Birth weight and renal markers in children aged 5 – 10 years in Cameroon: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Folefack Kaze ◽  
Seraphin Nguefack ◽  
Constantine Menkoh Asong ◽  
Jules Clement Nguedia Assob ◽  
Jobert Richie Nansseu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Renal Markers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Birth Data ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background A relationship exists between birth weight (BW) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in postnatal kidney. Willing to fill a gap of knowledge in sub-Saharan Africa, we assessed the effect of BW on blood pressure (BP), proteinuria and GFR among Cameroonians children.Methods This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study from January to April 2018 at the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital (YGOPH). We recruited low BW (LBW) [<2500g], normal BW (NBW) [2500-3999g] and high BW (HBW) [>4000g] children, aged 5-10 years, born and followed-up at YGOPH. We collected socio-demographic, clinical (weight, height, BP), laboratory (proteinuria, creatinine), maternal and birth data. The estimated GFR was calculated using the Schwartz equation.Results We included 80 children (61.2% boys) with 21 (26.2%) LBW, 45 (56.2%) NBW and 14 (15.5%) HBW; the median (interquartile range) age was 7.3 (6.3-8.1) years and 17 (21.2%) were overweight/obese. Two (2.5%) children, all with a NBW (4.4%), had an elevated BP whereas 2 (2.5%) other children, all with a LBW (9.5%), had hypertension (p=0.233). Seven (8.7%) children had proteinuria with 19%, 2.2% and 14.3% having LBW, NBW and HBW, respectively (p=0.051). Equivalent figures were 18 (22.5%), 14.3%, 24.2% and 28.6% for decreased GFR, respectively (p=0.818). There was a trend towards an inverse relationship between BW and BP, proteinuria and GFR (p>0.05). Conclusion Proteinuria is more pronounced in childhood with a history of LBW and HBW while LBW children are more prone to develop hypertension. Regular follow-up is needed to implement early nephroprotective measures among children with abnormal BW.

scholarly journals Sedentary Lifestyle and Hypertension in a Periurban Area of Mbarara, South Western Uganda: A Population Based Cross Sectional Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Twinamasiko ◽  
Edward Lukenge ◽  
Stella Nabawanga ◽  
Winnie Nansalire ◽  
Lois Kobusingye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction. Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes constitute over 50% of the noncommunicable disease (NCD) burden and projections indicate Sub-Saharan Africa will experience a larger burden. Urbanization on the continent is contributing to the change in lifestyle such as diet and physical activity, which may increase the risk for CVDs. There is lack of sufficient data from the African continent on hypertension and its association with sedentary lifestyle. Methods. We conducted a cross sectional study in periurban Uganda among adults aged at least 35 years. We administered questions on diet, physical activity, and smoking. We took anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP>=140 and/or diastolic BP>=90 and/or history of hypertension medications. Logistic regression was used to determine the crude and adjusted odds ratios for the factors associated with hypertension. Results. We enrolled 310 participants and 50% were female. The prevalence of systolic hypertension was 24.5%, diastolic hypertension was 31%, obesity was 46%, and diabetes was 9%. Of those with hypertension (n=76), 53 participants (69.7%) were not aware they had high BP. Sedentary lifestyle was significantly associated with hypertension even after adjusting for age and obesity. Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes and majority of participants with hypertension are not aware. Participants with a sedentary work style should be targeted for prevention and screening.

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