Vitamin D and Spondyloarthritis: Review of the Literature

Background: Spondyloarthritides (SpAs) encompass heterogeneous diseases sharing similar genetic background, pathogenic mechanisms, and phenotypic features. Vitamin D is essential for calcium metabolism and skeletal homeostasis. Some recent evidences reported supplemental functions of vitamin D, such as modulation of inflammatory reactions. Objective: To analyze published data about a possible association between vitamin D and SpAs. Results: Vitamin D could play a role in immune reactions, influencing both immune and adaptive response. Vitamin D deficiency is more frequent in SpAs than in general population: an active and more severe disease infers patients’ mobility and reduces sunlight exposure. Quiescent inflammatory bowel disease, frequently associated with SpAs, could worsen vitamin D deficiency. All the parameters related to UVB exposure are the most important determinants for vitamin D status and need to be considered evaluating the vitamin D levels in SpAs. Apart from musculoskeletal problems, patients affected by SpAs frequently suffer from other comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis, and vitamin D status could have a relevance in this field. Bone is involved in SpAs with a dualistic role, coexisting trabecular bone resorption and new bone formation. It seems rational to monitor vitamin D levels in SpA subjects and to target it to global health threshold. Conclusion: Literature data were not completely in agreement about a possible relation between poor vitamin D status and onset or worse disease course of SpAs. In fact, these results come from cross-sectional studies, which affect our ability to infer causality. Therefore, large, randomized controlled trials are needed.

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Vitamin D Status of Epileptic Children in India: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre

Journal of Child Science ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1715860 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. e87-e92

Author(s):

Chandrika Azad ◽

Vishal Guglani ◽

Jasbinder Kaur ◽

Roosy Aulakh ◽

Sukhvinder Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Epileptic Children ◽

25 Oh Vitamin D

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is prevalent all over the world, especially in tropical countries. In epileptics, antiepileptic drugs (AED) and associated comorbidities further impact vitamin D status. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency in epileptic children and evaluate probable risk factors. A cross-sectional study of 200 children between 1 and 18 years of age on AED was undertaken in the pediatric neurology clinic of a tertiary care center of Northern India. In all children, serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were estimated. The deficiency levels of vitamin D were categorized as: deficiency <20 ng/mL, insufficiency 20 to 30 ng/mL, and sufficiency >30 ng/mL. The potential risk factors for hypovitaminosis D, including type of epilepsy, AED regimen (specific medications, polytherapy vs. monotherapy), cerebral palsy, ambulatory status, intellectual disability, body mass index, gender, and vegetarianism were examined. Among the 200 enrolled children (60% boys), 106/200 (53%) were vitamin D deficient. There was no significant relation of vitamin D levels with gender, type of epilepsy, neurological deficit, and type of AED. An inverse relationship of higher phenytoin doses during monotherapy associated with lower vitamin D levels in monotherapy was found, thereby suggesting adverse effect of high doses of phenytoin on vitamin D levels. VDD is common among epileptic children on AED therapy. Vitamin D deficiency is common prevalent among epileptic children on AED therapy, and its detection and treatment correction should be an integral part of epilepsy management.

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Study of Serum Vitamin D Level in Different Socio-Demographic Population - A Pilot Study

Journal of Medicine ◽

10.3329/jom.v19i1.34836 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 22-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Homayra Tahseen Hossain ◽

Quazi Tarikul Islam ◽

Md Abul Kashem Khandaker ◽

HAM Nazmul Ahasan

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Study Population

Background: Recently, we see in our clinical practice that many patients who are coming with generalized body aches and pains and diagnosed as fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue, not adequately responding to treatment. When their vitamin D level was done, it was found to be low and correction of their low vitamin D level improved their symptoms dramatically. Despite abundant sunshine in Bangladesh, allowing vitamin D synthesis all the year round, why our people are developing hypovitaminosis D inspired us to do this current study. Our present study is designed to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adult patients presented with aches & pains as well as to study the association of low vitamin D levels with different socio-demographic parameters.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted among 212 adult patients aged 18 years and above presented with generalized body aches and pains, attended both outpatient and inpatient departments of Popular Medical College Hospital during the period of March’16- August’16 ( 6 months). Association between vitamin D status & the individual specific variables was statistically analyzed.Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the study population was found to be100% in all age groups. Among 212 study population, 73.6% were female (n=156) & 26.4% were male (n=56). Mean Vitamin D level among male was 14.29 (SD 4.68) & among female was 12.64 (SD 4.74). The factors associated with severely deficient Vitamin D level were female sex, urban population, &obesity. It is alarming that 64.2% of our study population were totally unaware about the importance of sun exposure.Conclusions: Vitamin D status was associated with a number of socio-demographic variables. Knowledge of these variables may improve targeted education and public health initiatives.J MEDICINE Jan 2018; 19 (1) : 22-29

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Vitamin D Levels of Out-Patients in Lithuania: Deficiency and Hypervitaminosis

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina54020025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrius Bleizgys ◽

Jevgenij Kurovskij

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

High Performance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

The Mean ◽

Almost All

Aim: Data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Lithuania are scarce. The aim was to assess the reserves of vitamin D in different age groups of out-patients, regarding the season of the year. Methods: Data on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels from blood tests made in 2012–2014 were obtained from one laboratory, and a retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed. Results: A total of 9581 subjects were included. The mean age of the participants was 33 ± 23 years. The mean levels of vitamin D were higher in males than in females (p < 0.001). The highest mean 25(OH)D levels were in 0–9-year-old group, the lowest were in the 10–19-year-old group and in the group of participants that were 70 years and older (p < 0.001). The lowest vitamin D status was found in January, February, March, and April. The highest status was found in August and September. Overall, vitamin D deficiency, sufficiency, and hypervitaminosis were detected in 67%, 21%, and 12% of cases, respectively. Most cases with hypervitaminosis were in the group of children up to 2 years of age. Conclusion: Vitamin D status demonstrated clear seasonality. Significant sex-related differences of vitamin D statuses were also determined. Vitamin D deficiency was very prevalent in almost all age groups. Young children (aged up to 2 years) are of special interest for further research involving other types of 25(OH)D assays, such as those based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), since the real prevalence of “true” vitamin D hypervitaminosis in Lithuania’s children is still to be determined.

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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in various regions of the Russian Federation: results of the first stage of the multicenter cross-sectional randomized study

Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases ◽

10.14341/osteo12701 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 4-12

Author(s):

Ekaterina A. Pigarova ◽

Liudmila Y. Rozhinskaya ◽

Nino N. Katamadze ◽

Alexandra A. Povaliaeva ◽

Ekaterina A. Troshina

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

The Russian Federation

Background. A vitamin D deficiency is a global wide health problem. Inadequate vitamin D status leads to serious medical, social and economic consequences and requires timely diagnosis and adequate correction.Aim: to assess the incidence of vitamin D deficiency among the population living in regions of the Russian Federation located at latitudes from 45° to 70° and to study its relationship to various factors (demographic, socio-economic, geographical, etc.).Materials and methods. A multicenter, cross-sectional, randomized study of individuals of both sexes aged 18 to 50 years. The study of 25ОНD level in the blood serum was carried out by INVITRO LLC laboratories using chemilumescent analysis in two stages: in the period from March to May 2020 and from October to November 2020. The first stage of the study involved 500 volunteers (77% women, 23% men). Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, factors associated with vitamin D levels, were assessed using a specially designed questionnaire.Results. In this article we present the results of the first stage. A countrywide high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (56.4%) and insufficiency (27.9%) was revealed, that is, 84.3% of the population aged 18–50 years requires cholecalciferol supplementation. The lowest vitamin D status was found in St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Kyzyl and Rostov-on-Don (over 90% of participants had inadequate levels). A decrease in the level of 25ОНD was observed to a greater extent in men than in women (p <0.05), as well as in young people aged 18–25 years (p <0.05). No major association of vitamin D status with anthropometric parameters, the number of days of disability, were not found. However, those who went to tanning beds or were in direct sunlight for at least 30 days a year had higher levels of 25ОНD, and those using sunscreens had lower levels.Conclusion. The data obtained confirms the widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in the country (84.3% of participants), generally not related to the geographical latitude of residence, which indicates the need for vitamin D supplementation in a significant part of the population.

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Evaluating Vitamin D Status in Pre- and Postmenopausal Type 2 Diabetics and Its Association with Glucose Homeostasis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/9369282 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo ◽

Samuel Asamoah Sakyi ◽

William K. B. A. Owiredu ◽

Edwin Ferguson Laing ◽

Eddie-Williams Owiredu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Glucose Control ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Background. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and menopause are associated with vitamin D status. Oestrogen decline during menopausal stages promotes hypovitaminosis D. However, the interplay between vitamin D, menopause, lifestyle, and T2DM cannot be overlooked. This study assessed vitamin D status among pre- and postmenopausal T2DM women and determined its association with glycemic control and influence of lifestyle habits on hypovitaminosis D.Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Structured questionnaires were administered to 192 T2DM women; blood samples were collected for estimation of 25(OH) D and insulin using ELISA. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and calcium were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using Graphpad Prism 6.Results. The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy was 92.2%. Hypovitaminosis D was more prevalent among the postmenopausal T2DM women (63.8% versus 58.2%). Hypovitaminosis D significantly associated with insulin [R2=0.01760,p=0.0008], HbA1c [R2=0.3709,p=<0.0001], and FBG [R2=0.3465,p=0.0001] in only the postmenopausal women.Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in pre- and postmenopausal T2DM but higher among postmenopausal women. Adequate vitamin D levels in both groups were associated with improved glucose control while hypovitaminosis D in the postmenopausal women was related to poorer glucose control. Vitamin D screening should be incorporated into management plan for T2DM to serve as an early tool for prevention of vitamin D deficiency.

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The influence of puberty on vitamin D status in obese children and the possible relation between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2014-0033 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (1-2) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sonsoles Gutiérrez Medina ◽

Teresa Gavela-Pérez ◽

María Nieves Domínguez-Garrido ◽

Elisa Gutiérrez-Moreno ◽

Adela Rovira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Abstract: Puberty can affect vitamin D levels.The goal of this study was to analyze the relation between vitamin D deficiency and puberty in obese Spanish children, along with the possible interrelation between vitamin D status and degree of insulin resistance.A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which clinical and biochemical data were gathered from 120 obese and 50 normal weight children between January 2011 and January 2013.: Mean vitamin D levels were 19.5 and 31.6 ng/mL in obese pubertal and obese prepubertal children, respectively. About 75% of the obese pubertal subjects and 46% of the obese prepubertal subjects had vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in pubescent subjects compared with pre-pubescent subjects in summer, fall, and winter. There was no apparent relation between vitamin D levels and homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistence (expressed in standard deviation score for sex and Tanner stage) in either puberty or pre-puberty.: Puberty may be a risk factor for the vitamin D deficiency commonly found in the obese child population. This deficiency is not associated with higher insulin resistance in obese pubertal children compared with obese prepubertal children.

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VITAMIN D STATUS AND DIABETES MELLITUS

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.03.2030 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (03) ◽

pp. 445-449

Author(s):

Mohammad Anwar Magsi ◽

Aamir Ijaz ◽

Aaizah Maryam ◽

Shagufta Yousaf ◽

Fawaad Sana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pakistani Population ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide epidemic, similarly low Vitamin Dlevels constitutes a largely unrecognized epidemic in many populations. There is no study in ourcountry to document the association between these two common metabolic disorders.Objective: To assess the degree of correlation between vitamin D status and various categoriesof hyperglycaemia in a Pakistani population. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.Place & Period of Study: Department of Pathology, PNS SHIFA Hospital, Karachi; Jan 2013 toAug 2013. Glucose levels were measured in eight six patients divided on the basis of their 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD) levels in three groups, normal (>31 ng/ml), insufficient (20-31ng/ml)and deficient (<20ng/ml). 25OHD was measured by electrochemiluminescence using RocheElecsys® Systems while glucose was estimated by routine methods on Roche Hitachi®Autoanalyser. Results: Vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with plasma glucose levels(r=0.38; p<0.01) with an Odd Ratio of 3.59 (95%confidence interval 1.29 to 8.70). Fasting plasmaglucose was significantly higher in vitamin D deficient patients as compared to patients withnormal vitamin D status (p<0.05). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is negatively associatedwith plasma glucose levels.

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Mismatch: A comparative study of vitamin D status in British-Bangladeshi migrants

10.1101/2020.12.04.20244111 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas Smith ◽

Lynnette Leidy Sievert ◽

Shanthi Muttukrishna ◽

Khurshida Begum ◽

Lorna Murphy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Iron Status ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Low Levels ◽

Bangladeshi Migrants ◽

The Uk ◽

British Bangladeshi

AbstractBackground and objectivesLow levels of vitamin D among dark-skinned migrants to northern latitudes and increased risks for associated pathologies illustrate an evolutionary mismatch between an environment of high ultraviolet (UV) radiation to which such migrants are adapted and the low-UV environment to which they migrate. Recently, low levels of vitamin D have also been associated with higher risks for contracting COVID-19. South Asians in the UK have higher risk for low vitamin D levels. In this study, we assessed vitamin D status of British-Bangladeshi migrants compared to white British residents and Bangladeshis still living in Bangladesh (‘sedentees’).MethodologyThe cross-sectional study compared vitamin D levels among 149 women aged 35-59, comprising British-Bangladeshi migrants (n=50), white UK neighbors (n=54) and Bangladeshi sedentees (n=45). Analyses comprised multivariate models to assess serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and associations with anthropometric, lifestyle, health and migration factors.ResultsVitamin D levels in Bangladeshi migrants were very low: mean 25(OH)D = 32.2nmol/L ± 13.0, with 29% of migrants classified as deficient (<25nmol/L) and 94% deficient or insufficient (≤50nmol/L). Mean levels of vitamin D were significantly lower among British-Bangladeshis compared to Bangladeshi sedentees (50.9nmol/L ± 13.3), presumably due to less exposure to sunlight following migration; levels were also lower than in white British women (55.3nmol/L ± 20.9). Lower levels of vitamin D were associated with increased body mass index and low iron status.Conclusions and implicationsRecommending supplements to Bangladeshi migrants could prevent potentially adverse health outcomes associated with vitamin D deficiency.Lay summaryVitamin D deficiency is one example of mismatch between an evolved trait and novel environments. Here we compare vitamin D status of dark-skinned British-Bangladeshi migrants in the UK to Bangladeshis in Bangladesh and white British individuals. Migrants had lower levels of vitamin D and are at risk for associated pathologies.

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Carência de Vitamina D numa População Hospitalar: Uma Fotografia pela Perspetiva Laboratorial

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.6253 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 726 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Maria Joana Santos ◽

Vera Fernandes ◽

Fernando Mota Garcia

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Seasonal Fluctuation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Introduction: Although vitamin D deficiency is increasingly recognized around the world, there are few studies on the Portuguese reality. This study aims to analyse vitamin D levels in the assays performed in our hospital and their relationship with age, genre, requesting specialty and moment of sample collection. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study of measurements of 25(HO)D performed in our Hospital between June 2012 and November 2014. Included variables: gender, age, requesting specialty, month of sample collection. Vitamin D status classified as: ‘Deficiency’ (≤ 20 ng/mL), ‘Insufficiency’ (21 - 29 ng/ml) and ‘Sufficiency’ (≥ 30 ng/mL). Results: We included 5 439 assays; 55.0% from women; the median age was 64.0 years. Sixty per cent had ‘Deficiency’, 20.7% ‘Insufficiency’ and 18.9% ‘Sufficiency’. We found a negative correlation between age and vitamin D level (p < 0.001). We didn’t find differences in vitamin D levels between genres. Nine specialties requested 98% of the assays, namely Nephrology (56.2%). We found differences between specialties based on age and vitamin D level (p < 0.001). Vitamin D levels changed throughout the year, with higher levels in the summer, followed by autumn, spring and winter (p < 0.001). Despite this seasonal fluctuation, vitamin D sufficiency was only present in a minority of assays (27.8% in summer and 9.2% in winter). Discussion: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in this population, affects individuals of all ages and is not offset by the seasonal variation of sunlight. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is a real and prevalent problem in our population that needs further attention and action, given its clinical implications.

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Vitamin D Serum Levels in Patients with Statin-Induced Musculoskeletal Pain

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2019/3549402 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Manuela Pennisi ◽

Giuseppe Di Bartolo ◽

Giulia Malaguarnera ◽

Rita Bella ◽

Giuseppe Lanza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ratio Analysis ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Musculoskeletal Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Introduction. Statin-associated muscle symptoms are common side effects of statin therapy. These symptoms include myopathy, myalgia, and rhabdomyolysis. Vitamin D has been associated with musculoskeletal health; thus, its deficiency may produce detrimental effects in this tissue. Indeed, one symptom of vitamin D deficiency is myalgia, and the normalization of low vitamin D levels can relieve it. Patients and Methods. This cross-sectional study examined 1210 statin-treated patients to assess vitamin D status. These patients were divided into two groups: 287 with statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) and 923 control patients without SAMS. Results. We have found a significant association between deficient and insufficient vitamin D status and statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). Vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L) presents 77% (95% C.I. 71.6% to 81.7%) sensitivity and 63.4% (95% C.I. 60.2% to 66.5%) specificity in diagnosing SAMS. Odds ratio analysis showed that this association is moderate-strong both for deficient and for insufficient status. Conclusion. We found a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and SAMS. Therefore, vitamin D levels may be useful for the diagnosis and management of SAMS.

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