scholarly journals Support for the Forensic DNA Database and Public Safety Concerns: An Exploratory Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Monica Pivetti ◽  
Antonella Caggiano ◽  
Filippo Cieri ◽  
Silvia Di Battista ◽  
Chiara Berti
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Criminal Offenders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Literacy ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Procedure Code

Background: Over the past few decades, 32 European countries have introduced a national DNA database containing samples and/or profiles from suspected/convicted criminal offenders and biological materials from crime scenes. However, only a few studies have empirically investigated opinions on such a practice and the psychosocial factors possibly predicting public support or opposition. Objective: This study aims to preliminarily explore public support for a national DNA database in Italy. In particular, the role played by psychosocial factors, such as concern over individual rights vs. public safety, as well as genetic and juridical/legal literacy in the public’s acceptance of a forensic DNA database, was investigated. Method: Within a correlational study, a written questionnaire was administered to a sample (N = 242) of university students. Results: Participants generally showed support for a forensic DNA database. Concerns over public safety predicted the acceptance of a DNA database, with those valuing public safety being more supportive of its implementation, whereas no role was played by familiarity with the fundamental mechanisms of genetics and with the Italian Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code. Conclusion: Empirical research on this issue could provide policymakers and the police force with a better picture of the psychosocial factors underlying public support for the DNA database.

Beyond the Cold Hit: Measuring the Impact of the National DNA Data Bank on Public Safety at the City and County Level

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Gabriel ◽  
Cherisse Boland ◽  
Cydne Holt
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
County Level ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Criminalistics laboratories routinely provide cold hits in police investigations by comparing DNA profiles from crime scenes to offenders residing in the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). Forensic DNA analysis is often glamorized in popular culture, where the perpetrators are identified and crimes solved within a single television episode. In reality forensic DNA hits can identify perpetrators of violent offenses, link multiple crimes committed by the same individual, or exclude suspects and exonerate the falsely accused. Unlike the media portrayals, downstream activities after a DNA identification or cold hit are often more complex. While the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) cites a national Data Bank of more than 7.2 million DNA profiles and 94,000 identifications nationwide, an in-depth analysis of public safety improvements made with CODIS is currently unavailable to forensic practitioners and public policy analysts. A review of case resolutions for 198 DNA database hits in San Francisco created performance metrics to provide a concrete measure of the effectiveness of DNA databasing efforts at the city and county level.

scholarly journals SEXUAL AND AGE CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS COMMITTING SMUGGLING OF DRUGS, PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES AND THEIR ANALOGUES OR PRECURSORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4(106)) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
А. М. Шалай
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Offenders ◽  
Psychotropic Substances ◽  
The Past ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Illicit Trafficking ◽  
Narcotic Drugs

The relevance of the article is that the characterization of the offender is one of the most important elements of the criminological characterization of any type of crime. This process is important for criminology, as appropriate and effective means of preventing any type of crime cannot be developed without taking into account the specific personality traits of criminals that are specific to certain groups of criminal offenders and distinguish them from other criminals and law-abiding citizens. The above should also apply to persons who smuggle drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues or precursors. The purpose of the article is to investigate some components of the criminological characteristics of persons who smuggle drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues or precursors in Ukraine, namely their gender and age characteristics. Some components of the criminological characteristics of persons who smuggle drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues or precursors in Ukraine, namely their gender and age characteristics, have been studied. It is established that the share of women who commit this act, among the total number of convicts under Article 305 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, is significantly less than among persons who commit criminal offenses related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors, as well as all criminal acts combined, and is only 7.6%. The share of persons aged 18 to 39 in the smuggling of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues or precursors is more than three quarters - 75.8%, and is the highest compared to the average age of all criminals in general and persons who commit drug crimes, in particular. It is concluded that over the past ten years, we can distinguish such a feature of the crime that the share of women who commit it, among the total number of convicts under Article 305 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, is significantly less than among those who commit criminal offenses. related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors, as well as all criminal acts in total, and is only 7.6%. That is, the ratio of the level of criminal offenses under Article 305 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine committed by women to the level of similar criminal acts committed by men is not 1: 7, as in all criminal acts, but is approximately 1:11.

scholarly journals Assessment of QIAGEN™ Investigator® 24plex GO! kit workflow for autosomal STR profiling of forensic reference samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashom Mohd Hakim ◽  
Hussein Omar Khan ◽  
Siti Afifah Ismail ◽  
Nurul Hazirah Mat Lazim ◽  
Japareng Lalung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Buccal Swab ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Str Typing ◽  
Str Analysis ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Autosomal Str ◽  
Dna Template ◽  
Reference Samples

Abstract Background DNA profiling has proven to be a valuable technique for identification of individuals in crime. Currently, the technique targets several short tandem repeat (STR) regions in human genome. However, increasing number of samples submitted for STR analysis may lead to delays due to the limited number of experienced analysts who might be available at any given moment and the time taken to complete lengthy DNA profiling procedures. This study was conducted to test the specificity, repeatability, reproducibility and robustness of Investigator® 24plex GO! kit for genotyping of reference samples submitted to the Royal Malaysian Police Forensic DNA Laboratory for DNA database. Material and methods In this study, Investigator® 24plex GO! kit was used to directly amplify STR loci from buccal swab cell of reference samples that had previously been STR typed using GlobalFiler™ Express kit. Capillary electrophoresis was carried out on a 3500xL Genetic Analyser using POP-4® Polymer. Amplified products were assigned to particular STR alleles using the GeneMapper ID-X version 1.4 software. Results Our study shows that STR profiles generated using Investigator® 24plex GO! gave concordance results with those previously obtained using the GlobalFiler™ Express kit. In addition, quality sensors included in the kit are of particular importance for determining the effectiveness of the PCR reaction and help to indicate the nature and quantity of DNA template for PCR amplification. Conclusion The Investigator® 24plex GO! kit is reliable for STR typing of reference samples.

Alcoholism and Law Enforcement

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Borkenstein
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
General Law ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency

The responsibility of the progressive law enforcement agency is to gain compliance with laws that promote harmony in society. Alcohol tends ,to alter the attitudes of otherwise law-abiding citizens so that there is a high correlation between the excessive use of alcohol and antisocial behavior. Laws in the criminal code dealing with alcohol fall roughly into four categories—those dealing directly with public safety, those that reflect moral at titudes, those reflecting the attitudes of loud minorities, and those dealing with the licensing, revenue, or sale of alcoholic beverages. From the standpoint of the general law enforcement agency, the only laws worthy of energetic enforcement are those dealing with public safety. The others are usually enforced by agencies with special and limited jurisdiction.

scholarly journals Polemic of Indonesian Criminal Code Bill on Bali’s Tourism Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
I Made Ari Kapela
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Postponement ◽  
Fairmont Hotel

Indonesian Criminal Code Bill proposal, suddenly became a hot issue after Indonesia commemorate their 74th Independence Day. The executive and legislative accelerated completion of Indonesian Criminal Code Bill (ICCB) at Fairmont Hotel, Jakarta. Many parties have been urging the government to revise some outdated articles since the penal code was a product of Dutch colonialism in the past. Three crucial topics were discussed and added to the draft regarding blasphemy to president, crimes against morality and decency, as well as specific intent crime. Apparently, some parties were unsatisfied with the draft. Waves of uproar sprang up between mid-September and early October 2019. the demonstrators considered that there are ten controversial articles in the ICCB that have vague enforcement parameters. To reduce the public tension, the government agreed to delay the ICCB ratification that, according to public includes multiple problematic articles. President Joko Widodo stated that more input would be conducted before disseminate the latest ICCB information to public. The postponement would be evoked after the new set of parliaments is inaugurated. Albeit being postponed, Tourism practitioner in Bali experiencing significant loss of tourists visit due to the issues. It is expected in future; the government would involve tourism practitioner in group discussion before setting new regulations that may affect the vital industry of Indonesia.

scholarly journals Will China Become a Global Technological Giant?

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Marcin Piatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Support For Innovation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Lectual Property ◽  
Technology Absorption ◽  
China Today ◽  
Remarkable Progress

The article argues that China has achieved a remarkable progress in promoting technology absorption and innovation over the past decade. China today spends 2.1 percent of GDP on R&D, more than the OECD average. By 2020, China together with the US will be responsible for more than half of the world’s R&D spending. These two countries may thus largely de-cide about the speed and direction of mankind’s technological progress. Despite the pro-gress, however, China still faces several challenges to becoming a global technological giant. To face these challenges, China would be well advised to increase the quality of innovation outputs, strengthen efficiency of public support for innovation, further strengthen intel-lectual property rights, and help enhance managerial practices of Chinese firms.

scholarly journals Kedudukan Alat Bukti Website dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Terorisme (Studi Putusan Nomor 140/PID.SUS/2018/PN.JKT.SEL)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Gemaya Wangsa ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi ◽  
I Wayan Arthanaya
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Electronic Evidence ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Valid Evidence ◽  
Device Classification ◽  
Article 5 ◽  
Case Number

The development of information technology and correspondence resulted in a shift in the format of print media to digital media, so that this growth was followed by the continuation of the development of a new criminal class that rode digital media in criminal acts of terrorism. This study aims to determine the regulations for the use of website evidence and the position of using website evidence in handling terrorism crimes in case number 140 / Pid.Sus / 2018 / PN.Jkt.Sel. This research uses a normative legal exploration method whose data comes from the determination related to the use of website evidence in Article 184 of the Criminal Code. The results of the research show that the determination of the exploitation of website evidence, which when based on Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code, means that electronic material is not classified as an abash instructional device classification, but if it is based on statutory regulations in a special crime, the electronic evidence media has resistance as a valid evidence, this can be seen in the provisions of Article 5 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law which are reaffirmed in the provisions of Article 44 of the ITE Law. Utilization of electronic evidence in the process of evidence in court is sourced from website evidence in law enforcement for criminal acts of terrorism in the Case Number 140 / Pid.Sus / 2018 / PN.Jkt.Sel scandal. Criminal Procedure, especially Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code, but has a judicial guideline that the judge cannot refuse to explore and decide the matters brought against him, provided that the law is unclear or non-existent, then the judges' rules should expose the meaning of continued and continuous law in the consortium, up to the provisions as contained in the ITE Law which regulates electronic instruction instruments as valid instruction devices.

scholarly journals SUATU KAJIAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN ALAT BUKTI ELEKTRONIK DALAM KEJAHATAN CYBER DALAM SISTEM PENEGAKAN HUKUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Ni Made Trisna Dewi,Reido Lardiza Fahrial
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Electronic Evidence ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Law ◽  
Witness Statements ◽  
And Function

Abuse in the electronic transaction because it is formed from an electronic process, so the object changes, the goods become electronic data and the evidence is electronic.  Referring to the provisions of positive law in Indonesia, there are several laws and regulations that have set about electronic evidence as legal evidence before the court but there is still debate between the usefulness and function of the electronic evidence itself, from that background in  The following problems can be formulated, How do law enforcement from investigations, prosecutions to criminal case decisions in cybercrimes and How is the use of electronic evidence in criminal case investigations in cybercrimes This research uses normative research methods that are moving from the existence of norm conflicts between the Criminal Procedure Code and  ITE Law Number 19 Year 2016 in the use of evidence.  The law enforcement process of the investigator, the prosecution until the court's decision cannot run in accordance with the provisions of ITE Law Number 19 of 2016, because in interpreting the use of electronic evidence still refers to Article 184 paragraph (1) KUHAP of the Criminal Procedure Code stated that the evidence used  Legitimate are: witness statements, expert statements, letters, instructions and statements of the accused so that the application of the ITE Law cannot be applied effectively The conclusion of this research is that law enforcement using electronic evidence in cyber crime cannot stand alone because the application of the Act  - ITE Law Number 19 Year 2016 still refers to the Criminal Code so that the evidence that is clear before the trial still refers to article 184 paragraph (1) KUHAP of the Criminal Procedure Code and the strength of proof of electronic evidence depends on the law enforcement agencies interpreting it because all electronic evidence is classified into  in evidence in the form of objects as  so there is a need for confidence from the legal apparatus in order to determine the position and truth of the electronic evidence.   Penyalahgunaan didalam transaksi elektronik tersebut karena terbentuk dari suatu proses elektronik, sehingga objeknya pun berubah, barang menjadi data elektronik dan alat buktinya pun bersifat elektronik. Mengacu pada ketentuan hukum positif di Indonesia, ada beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan yang telah mengatur mengenai alat bukti elektronik sebagai alat bukti yang sah di muka pengadilan tetapi tetap masih ada perdebatan antara kegunaan dan fungsi dari alat bukti elektronik itu sendiri, dari latar belakang tersebut di atas dapat dirumuskan masalah sebagai berikut, Bagaimana penegakkan hukum dari penyidikan, penuntutan sampai putusan perkara pidana dalam kejahatan cyber dan Bagaimanakah penggunaan bukti elektronik dalam pemeriksaan perkara pidana dalam kejahatan cyber Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yakni beranjak dari adanya konflik norma antara KUHAP dengan Undang-undang ITE Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 dalam penggunaan alat bukti. Proses penegakkan hukum dari penyidik, penuntutan sampai pada putusan pengadilan tidak dapat berjalan sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-undang ITE Nomor 19 Tahun 2016, karena dalam melakukan penafsiran terhadap penggunaan alat bukti Elektronik masih mengacu pada Pasal 184 ayat (1) KUHAP disebutkan bahwa alat bukti yang sah adalah: keterangan saksi, keterangan ahli, surat, petunjuk dan keterangan terdakwa. sehingga penerapan Undang-undang ITE tidak dapat diterapkan secara efektiv. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penegakan hukum dengan menggunakan alat bukti elektronik dalam kejahatan cyber tidak bisa berdiri sendiri karena penerapan Undang-Undang ITE Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tetap merujuk kepada KUHP sehingga alat bukti yang sah di muka persidangan tetap mengacu pada pasal 184 ayat (1) KUHAP dan Kekuatan pembuktian alat bukti elektronik tersebut tergantung dari aparat hukum dalam menafsirkannya karena semua alat bukti elektronik tersebut digolongkan ke dalam alat bukti berupa benda sebagai petunjuk sehingga diperlukan juga keyakinan dari aparat hukum agar bisa menentukan posisi dan kebenaran dari alat bukti elektronik tersebut.

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