Recent Progress and Prospect on Tooth Modification of Involute Cylindrical Gear

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Han ◽  
Yang Qi
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Power Transmission Systems ◽  
Tooth Modification

Background: Recent reviews on tooth modification of involute cylindrical gear are presented. Gear pairs are widely employed in motion and power transmission systems. Manufacturing and assembling errors of gear parts, time-varying mesh stiffness and transmission error of gear pair, usually induce vibration, noise, non-uniformly load distribution and stress concentration, resulting in earlier failure of gear. Tooth modification is regarded as one of the most popular ways to suppress vibration, reduce noise level, and improve load distribution of gear pairs. Objective: To provide an overview of recent research and patents on tooth modification method and technology. Methods: This article reviews related research and patents on tooth modification. The modification method, evaluation, optimization and machining technology are introduced. Results: Three types of modifications are compared and analyzed, and influences of each on both static and dynamic performances of gear pair are concluded. By summarizing a number of patents and research about tooth modification of cylindrical gears, the current and future development of research and patent are also discussed. Conclusion: Tooth modification is classified into tip or root relief along tooth profile, lead crown modification along tooth width and compound modification. Each could be applied in different ways. In view of design, optimization under given working condition to get optimal modification parameters is more practical. Machining technology and device for modified gear is a key to get high quality performance of geared transmission. More patents on tooth modification should be invented in future.

Compensated Conjugation and Gear Tooth Modification Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Yu ◽  
Kwun-lon Ting
Keyword(s):  
Differential Geometry ◽  
Loading Condition ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Transmission Function ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Gear Design ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Tooth Modification

This paper addresses the fundamental issue on the conjugation for any gearing systems after tooth modification. It presents a rigorous theory on compensated conjugation for gear transmission error (TE) balance. The basic idea is that conjugation impaired by the loading condition can be compensated by modifying the transmission function. Thus, conjugation holds true after tooth modification. Because the modification is based on the universal concept of transmission rather than the tooth geometry, the proposed tooth modification method is universal rather than limited to involute or even planar gearing. A theorem about the continuity of motion and conjugate geometries is presented and proved for any desirable modification. The proposed theory is consistent with the standard manufacturing process for tooth modification. Tooth geometries and cutter geometries can be obtained after the theoretical TE function is designed. The proposed method is highlighted and demonstrated with an involute gear design, in which a convenient and practical method with a direct rack-cutter modification is presented and rigorously analyzed based on kinematics and differential geometry. Examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the methodology.

Effects of the Gear Tooth Modification on the Nonlinear Dynamics of Gear Transmission System

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 2764-2769
Author(s):  
Si Yu Chen ◽  
Jin Yuan Tang ◽  
C.W. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Meshing Stiffness ◽  
Gear Transmission System ◽  
Tooth Modification ◽  
Static Transmission Error ◽  
Misalignment Error

The effects of tooth modification on the nonlinear dynamic behaviors are studied in this paper. Firstly, the static transmission error under load combined with misalignment error and modification are deduced. These effects can be introduced directly in the meshing stiffness and static transmission error models. Then the effect of two different type of tooth modification combined with misalignment error on the dynamic responses are investigated by using numerical simulation method. The numerical results show that the misalignment error has a significant effect on the static transmission error. The tooth crowning modification is generally preferred for absorbing the misalignment error by comparing with the tip and root relief. The tip and root relief can not resolve the vibration problem induced by misalignment error but the crowning modification can reduce the vibration significantly.

A Comparison of Analytical Predictions With Experimental Measurements of Transmission Error of Misaligned Loaded Gears

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Vinayak ◽  
Donald R. Houser
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error

Abstract This paper deals with the experimental study of dynamic transmission error of a gear pair. Two aspects of the experiment are discussed : 1) design of the test facility and data acquisition system and 2) comparison of transmission error and load distribution with experimental data. Several gears were tested under varying misalignments. A prediction program LDP (Load distribution Program) was used for theoretical calculations of dynamic transmission error.

scholarly journals Meshing characteristics of a sphere–face gear pair with variable shaft angle

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781401985951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Jinzhao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Face Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
Meshing Characteristics ◽  
Curvature Interference

This article presents a sphere–face gear pair by substituting the convex spherical gear for the pinion of a conventional face gear pair. The sphere–face gear pair not only maintains the advantages of the face gear pair with a longitudinally modified pinion but also allows variable shaft angles or large axial misalignments. Meshing characteristics of the proposed gear pair are studied in this article. The mathematical models of the sphere–face gear pair are derived based on machining principles. The tooth contact analysis (TCA) and curvature interference check are conducted for the sphere–face gear pair with variable shaft angles. The loaded TCA is also implemented utilizing the finite element method. The results of numerical examples show that proposed gear pair has the following features. Geometrical transmission error of constant shaft angle or varying shaft angle is zero; contact points of the sphere–face gear set with variable shaft angle are located near the centre region of face gear tooth surface; there is no curvature interference in meshing; and transmission continuity of the gear pair can be guaranteed in meshing.

scholarly journals Genetic Approach for Multiobjective Optimization of Epicyclical Gear Train

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kaoutar Daoudi ◽  
El Mosthapha Boudi ◽  
Mohsine Abdellah
Keyword(s):  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Power Transmission Systems

The determination of optimal design of the planetary gear train with a lightweight, a short center distance, and a high efficiency is an important issue in the preliminary design of power transmission systems. Conventional and traditional methods have been widely used in optimization. They are deterministic and limited to solve some mechanical problems with several variables and constraints. Therefore, some optimization methods have been developed, such as the nonconventional method, the genetic algorithm (GA). This paper describes a multiobjective optimization for the epicyclical gear train system using the GA. It is aimed to obtain the optimal dimensions for epicyclical gear components like a module, number of teeth, the tooth width, the shaft diameter of the gears, and a performed efficiency under the variation of operating mode of PGT system. The problem is formulated under the satisfaction of assembly and balance constraints, bending strength, contact strength of teeth, and other dimension conditions. The mathematical model and all steps of the GA are presented in detail.

Robust Optimization of Cylindrical Gear Tooth Surface Modifications Within Ranges of Torque and Misalignments

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Artoni ◽  
Massimo Guiggiani ◽  
Ahmet Kahraman ◽  
Jonny Harianto
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Robust Design Optimization ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Global Optimality ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Geometry Design ◽  
Design Variables

Tooth surface modifications are small, micron-level intentional deviations from perfect involute geometries of spur and helical gears. Such modifications are aimed at improving contact pressure distribution, while minimizing the motion transmission error to reduce noise excitations. In actual practice, optimal modification requirements vary with the operating torque level, misalignments, and manufacturing variance. However, most gear literature has been concerned with determining optimal flank form modifications at a single design point, represented by fixed, single load and misalignment values. A new approach to the design of tooth surface modifications is proposed to handle such conditions. The problem is formulated as a robust design optimization problem, and it is solved, in conjunction with an efficient gear contact solver (LDP), by a direct search, global optimization algorithm aimed at guaranteeing global optimality of the obtained micro-geometry solutions. Several tooth surface modifications can be used as micro-geometry design variables, including profile, lead, and bias modifications. Depending on the contact solver capabilities, multiple performance metrics can be considered. The proposed method includes the capability of simultaneously and robustly handling several conflicting design objectives. In the present paper, peak contact stress and loaded transmission error amplitude are used as objective functions (to be minimized). At the end, two example optimizations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Robust Optimization of Cylindrical Gear Tooth Surface Modifications Within Ranges of Torque and Misalignments

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Artoni ◽  
Massimo Guiggiani ◽  
Ahmet Kahraman ◽  
Jonny Harianto
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Robust Design Optimization ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Global Optimality ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Gear Contact

Tooth surface modifications are small, micron-level intentional deviations from perfect involute geometries of spur and helical gears. Such modifications are aimed at improving contact pressure distribution, while minimizing the motion transmission error to reduce noise excitations. In actual practice, optimal modification requirements vary with the operating torque level, misalignments, and manufacturing variance. However, most gear literature has been concerned with determining optimal flank form modifications at a single design point, represented by fixed, single load and misalignment values. A new approach to the design of tooth surface modifications is proposed to handle such conditions. The problem is formulated as a robust design optimization problem, and it is solved, in conjunction with an efficient gear contact solver (Load Distribution Program (LDP)), by a direct search, global optimization algorithm aimed at guaranteeing global optimality of the obtained microgeometry solutions. Several tooth surface modifications can be used as microgeometry design variables, including profile, lead, and bias modifications. Depending on the contact solver capabilities, multiple performance metrics can be considered. The proposed method includes the capability of simultaneously and robustly handling several conflicting design objectives. In the present paper, peak contact stress and loaded transmission error amplitude are used as objective functions (to be minimized). At the end, two example optimizations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Whine Noise Development of Engine Timing Gear System in Heavy Duty Vehicle

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukil Oh ◽  
Koo-Tae Kang ◽  
Kang-Young Soh ◽  
Jung-Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Tooth Modification ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Vehicle Test

Gear train is the most applied in the heavy duty engine timing system on the benefit of reliability, durability, timing accuracy, maintenance, and high torque transmission. But the gear train is vulnerable to rattle and whine noise due to many serial gear connections, which lead to more possibility for gear backlash impact and gear transmission errors compared with chain and toothed meshed belt timing systems. Furthermore, normal heavy duty diesel vehicles like truck and bus are well vibration isolated from engine at gear noise frequency range. Therefore, noise source control is inevitable in the developing process in heavy duty diesel vehicles. The objective of this paper is to reduce timing gear whine noise in the engine developing process for heavy duty vehicles. Main focus is modification of gear tooth shape in the proto engine developing process considering vehicle driving modes. To investigate engine timing gear whine noise, transmission error analysis was executed in accordance with proto type gears and optimal gear tooth modification was induced by transmission error analysis, engine bench, and vehicle test.

Temperature Analysis of Involute Gear Based on Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Theory Considering Tribo-Dynamic Behaviors

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui L. Dong ◽  
Ji B. Hu ◽  
Xue Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Rolling Velocity ◽  
Involute Gear ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Asperity Contacts ◽  
Tooth Flank

An integrated model is proposed for involute gear pair combining the mixed elastodhydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) theory for finite line contact with surface temperature rise equations considering tribo-dynamic loading behaviors. The film stiffness and viscous damping as well as the friction force are taken into account. The surface topography of tooth flank measured by 3D surface profiler is also included to solve the local temperature and pressure distribution in the contact area. The results show that the temperature distributions in different meshing positions along the line of action exhibit dissimilar characteristics due to the varying of dynamic load and the changing slip-to-roll ratio, which denotes the relationship between sliding velocity and rolling velocity on the tooth flank. Besides, the maximum of temperature is likely to appear at different sides of the gear tooth width as the gear pair meshes along the line of action. Moreover, with the increasing surface roughness, the ratio of asperity contacts becomes larger, so more heat generates from the contact area and leads to higher temperature rise.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document