Natural coagulants for the treatment of water and wastewater: A futuristic option for sustainable water clarification.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Karnena ◽  
Saritha Vara
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Real Time Applications

: Many studies reported the application of natural coagulants in removing pollutants with the help of the coagulation process, and coagulants showed their efficiency in comparison to the literature available. Yet, the utilization or acceptance of these coagulants in treating industrial wastewater is very low. Thus, there is a need for a strategy for enhancing the potential usage of coagulants for water treatment, presenting prevailing options and efforts for the development of coagulants. The utilization of coagulants can be improved by showing their efficiency in comparison to the advanced treatment technologies available in the present scenario. The coagulation efficiency with natural coagulants can be enhanced by mongrelizing the coagulants with other coagulants, enhancing the purity during extraction procedures, and by coalescence of coagulants. However, the research on natural coagulants are quite encouraging, perception of sustainable assessment studies revealed that commercialization/acceptance of coagulants for treatment options are hindered by their applicability and feasibility in real-time applications, and utilization of coagulants ignore the socioeconomic, ecological and technical aspects. The present review mainly focuses on the issues related to natural coagulants for clarifying the uncertainties and simultaneously moving the water industries to be more sustainable.

Natural Resources for Sustainable Water Treatment - A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-54
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Karnena ◽  
Vara Saritha
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Background: Purification and remediation of water remain to be a mammoth challenge for environmental engineers, continuously mounting pressure on providing safe water for consumers. Nevertheless, care has to be taken to avoid chemicals in treatment, which could prove to be toxic. One of the most prominent stages in treating water for human consumption is clarification through coagulation and flocculation to remove colloidal particles including silt, clay, precipitated iron or manganese oxides along with bacteria and algae. Objective: In order to achieve sustainability, the only possible way is to use innate materials in combination with inherent technologies. Considering this, the present review will appraise the efficiency of natural coagulants in treating surface water. Several researchers have tested numerous natural coagulants for clarification of water. Nevertheless, information on various natural coagulants and their efficiency has not yet been presented. Methods: Hence, an attempt is made to bring about a comprehensive account of various natural coagulants and also to understand their properties and efficiencies in treating water. Results: Cumulative information regarding natural coagulants presented in this review will add to the database of natural coagulants and can be adopted at various temporal and spatial levels according to the availability of these coagulants to treat water. Nevertheless, precise research on coagulation parameters and shelf life of treated water will enhance the opportunities for point of use water treatment technologies. Conclusion: The current review presents natural coagulants having the potential to treat surface water as sustainable alternatives to point of use treatment.

scholarly journals El uso sostenible del agua: Tributos medioambientales y nuevos procesos de descontaminación mediante energías renovables

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Isabel María Román Sánchez ◽  
Irene Carra ◽  
José Antonio Sánchez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treatment Technologies

The presence of persistent and toxic pollutants in waters has encouraged the development of new water treatment technologies, such as the solar photocatalysis process, solar photo-Fenton, which uses the Sun as renewable source of energy to diminish process costs. The market failure associated to the pollution originated by industrial wastewater discharges is corrected with the establishment of environmental taxes. The heterogeneity in the design of these taxes affects both the considered pollution parameters and their specific weight in the calculation of the tax to be paid. In this paper, it is discussed the capability of the environmental taxes to correct the water pollution as market failure, and as an incentive to invest in sustainable technologies and water treatment processes.

Polyelectrolytes as a Material of Value in Water Treatment: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Shagufta Jabin ◽  
Priti Gupta ◽  
Mukta Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Optimum Dosage ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Removal Of Contaminants ◽  
Different Origins

The use of polyelectrolytes in the treatment of water/wastewater has been studied with special emphasis on the characteristic impurities, which should be removed and the types of polyelectrolytes commonly available. Much attention is being on using polyelectrolyte as primary coagulation, their application as a coagulant aid, including the use of dual polyelectrolytes in the treatment of complex industrial wastewater. The optimum dosage of polyelectrolytes in all kinds of water and wastewater is very low when they are used as coagulant aids in conjunction with inorganic polyelectrolytes. Hence, the quantification of remaining polyelectrolytes in the water after their treatment is ruled out in this case. Polymer toxicity in aquatic animals has been assessed and the presence of residual polyelectrolytes in the treated water has been discussed. Keeping in view the applicability of these polyelectrolytes for the removal of contaminants, it is expected that this technique can be applied for further investigation in various types of water from different origins.

Sludge management of small water and wastewater treatment plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Nowak ◽  
V. Kuehn ◽  
M. Zessner
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Economic Pressure ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Water And Wastewater

“Disposal or reuse?” is the big question in respect to sewage and water sludges. This question is even more decisive for small plants, because the achievement of the advanced treatment necessary for disposal is much more difficult in small units than in big ones. The paper discusses this question with main focus on small WWTPs and gives a short overview of the specifics of sludge treatment in small units as well as of outlets for sludge from water treatment plants. In general, small WWTPs do not have a better sludge quality than larger ones, but the economic pressure to realise reuse is higher on them than on large plants.

Advanced Treatment Technologies for Industrial Wastewater

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-44
Author(s):  
Alok Garg ◽  
Pratibha Gautamb ◽  
Darshan Salunkeb
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies

scholarly journals Application of Ceramic Membrane in Water and Wastewater Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 04032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng LIN ◽  
Shoubin ZHANG ◽  
Guoqiang MA ◽  
Liping QIU ◽  
Huajun SUN
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Development Prospects

In recent years, ceramic membranes have been widely used in the field of water and wastewater treatment by virtue of their advantages over conventional water treatment technologies. In this article, definition, classification and characteristics of ceramic membrane were introduced firstly. And then the application of ceramic membrane technology used in various fields of water and wastewater treatment was highlighted. Finally, several opinions on the development prospects of ceramic membrane technology were raised.

scholarly journals Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Motasem Alazaiza ◽  
Ahmed Albahnasawi ◽  
Gomaa Ali ◽  
Mohammed Bashir ◽  
Dia Nassani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Removal ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Pharmaceutical Contamination ◽  
High Production ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
High Production Cost

Pharmaceutical contamination threatens both humans and the environment, and several technologies have been adapted for the removal of pharmaceuticals. The coagulation-flocculation process demonstrates a feasible solution for pharmaceutical removal. However, the chemical coagulation process has its drawbacks, such as excessive and toxic sludge production and high production cost. To overcome these shortcomings, the feasibility of natural-based coagulants, due to their biodegradability, safety, and availability, has been investigated by several researchers. This review presented the recent advances of using natural coagulants for pharmaceutical compound removal from aqueous solutions. The main mechanisms of natural coagulants for pharmaceutical removal from water and wastewater are charge neutralization and polymer bridges. Natural coagulants extracted from plants are more commonly investigated than those extracted from animals due to their affordability. Natural coagulants are competitive in terms of their performance and environmental sustainability. Developing a reliable extraction method is required, and therefore further investigation is essential to obtain a complete insight regarding the performance and the effect of environmental factors during pharmaceutical removal by natural coagulants. Finally, the indirect application of natural coagulants is an essential step for implementing green water and wastewater treatment technologies.

Atrazine: its occurrence and treatment in water

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (NA) ◽  
pp. 199-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lazorko-Connon ◽  
G. Achari
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compound ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Guidelines And Standards

A comprehensive review of atrazine including its use, properties, environmental fate, toxicological effects, occurrence in water, a summary of criteria for drinking water and the efficiency of various water treatment options for its removal was conducted. Atrazine is ubiquitous in surface water, groundwater, and precipitation, due to its widespread use for the control of broadleaf and grassy weeds mainly in corn crops. Atrazine is considered a priority substance by the USEPA, Agriculture Canada, and the European Commission. It causes developmental deformities and impacts behavior in frogs and fish. Atrazine has been implicated as a possible endocrine disrupting compound and has been associated with various cancers in humans such as stomach, prostate, breast, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Guidelines and standards governing maximum acceptable concentrations in fresh and marine waters are scarce and those for drinking water vary significantly between agencies. The effectiveness of tertiary water treatment technologies for the removal of atrazine demonstrates varying efficiencies. Variations in the quality of source water and the presence of natural organic matter present significant challenges for its removal.

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