scholarly journals Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Bhut Jolokia) – rich source of capsaicin with wide application and economic potential

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswadeep Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Hybridisation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bhut Jolokia ◽  
Different Parts

Bhut jolokia, which is a cultivar of Capsicum chinense Jacq. is known to the world for its high capsaicinoids content. While wild C. chinense forms may be found in eastern lowland of South America, bhut jolokia is grown in the northeastern states of India. Evidences show that bhut jolokia has interspecific origin with introgression of genes of C. frutecens into C. chinense a natural hybridisation. The fruit of the plant and its leaves has been used as ethnobotanical medicine in different parts of the world. Phytochemical analysis has shown that the fruit is rich in capsaicinoids, which is the reason for its high pungency. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are the two major capsaicinoids adding pungency to chilli. Higher the capsaicin higher is the pungency. Recent studies has shown wide medicinal applications of capsaicin such as pain relief, anti-obesity treatment, as an antioxidant, antimicrobial agent and even as anticancer molecule. The government of Nagaland has patent rights and geographical indications for naga chilli, which will certainly help in the economic prospect of the region from its cultivation. Thus, this review is an attempt to highlight the latest research and developments in bhut jolokia, which has a huge economic potential to prosper the northeastern region of India.

USE OF PPP IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AND REGIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asli Pelin Gurgun ◽  
Gul Polat ◽  
Hasan Gokberk Bayhan
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Motivation Factors ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Different Parts

Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects are being implemented by governments for similar reasons across the globe, such as removing the responsibility of funding the investment from the government´s balance sheet, introducing competition, benefiting from the expertise, experience and technology of the private sector that would lower the project delays and cost overruns. Despite sharing common motivation factors in pursuing PPP projects, the development trends, models used, legal context and legislations differ from one country to another. Depending on country’s needs and political atmosphere, governments decide on the sector, where they want to use PPP and the appropriate PPP model to execute their projects. In this study, a comparative study is conducted to underline main differences and similarities between PPP practices in different parts of the world. The comparisons are based on diversification of infrastructure needs and investment sectors, legal context and PPP models used. This study investigates how use of PPP projects differs from one country to another and regions in the world. Similarities are also analyzed to summarize the state of the art of PPP practices to provide a global approach.

scholarly journals Legal measures to Expand the Access to Treatment during the Pandemic in Ukraine and in the World

Medicne pravo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
O. Y. KASHYNTSEVA ◽  
◽  
M. M. TROFYMENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Compulsory Licensing ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Managed Entry Agreements

The article concerns the comparative legal analysis of managed entryagreements (MEAs), compulsory licenses on inventions and the use of pat-ented inventions without the permission of an owner of the patent rights in order to ensure the health of the population and in emergency circum-stances. The authors determine the essential conditions and special fea-tures of such agreements. In article the authors present the analysis of theinternational legal regulation of the market of patent rights in the field ofpharmacy. Managed entry agreements are the effective legal instrumentfor ensuring access to innovative medicines, which are still in the post-clin-ical stage, while the compulsory licensing and the government use in thepublic interests could expand access to generic versions of medicines. All ofmentioned legal measures are available in Ukrainian legislation, but noneof them has been used yet. Key words: managed entry agreements, compulsory licenses, govern-ment use, intellectual property, human rights, access to medicines.

scholarly journals Tourism Destination Development of "Geopark" Lumpur Lapindo

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Hendra Sukmana ◽  
Kukuh Sinduwiatmo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Potential ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
The World ◽  
True State ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Government

Lumpur Lapindo is one of the new potential tourism in Sidoarjo which has strategic value to be managed, developed and marketed. The development of new tourism "Geopark" Lumpur LapindoSidoarjo can show the world that the humanitarian natural disaster can generate economic potential of local communities. This study aims to describe the involvement of stakeholders in the implementation of revolving funds program in Sidoarjo. Through a qualitative descriptive approach, this research seeks to provide an objective and comprehensive picture of the true state of development of the tourist destination "Geopark" Lumpur Lapindo. Data obtained through interviews with resource persons from PT. LapindoBrantas, NGOs, and Head of BappedaSidoarjo. The results of this study indicate that the development of "Geopark" Lumpur Lapindo tourism need the involvement of stakeholders from the government, in this case the Government of Sidoarjo, PT MinarakLapindoBrantas as the corporation responsible for the disaster, the owner of the land in the area affected of mud, and the surrounding community who participated in the development of "geopark" tourist destinations.

scholarly journals Behavior of the Hottest Chili Peppers in the World Cultivated in Yucatan, Mexico

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1772-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana S. Muñoz-Ramírez ◽  
Laura P. Peña-Yam ◽  
Susana A. Avilés-Viñas ◽  
Adriana Canto-Flick ◽  
Adolfo A. Guzmán-Antonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
The World ◽  
Chili Peppers ◽  
Bhut Jolokia

The Yucatan Peninsula is recognized as the center of genetic diversity of Habanero peppers (Capsicum chinense Jacq.), which can be distinguished from those cultivated in other regions of the world by their aroma, taste, and—most of all—by their pungency. We evaluated three commercial varieties of chili peppers reported as being the hottest in the world: ‘Bhut Jolokia’, ‘Trinidad Moruga Scorpion’, and ‘Carolina Reaper’. The aim of our study was to determine the behavior of the pungency when cultivated under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Yucatan. Our results show that the three varieties registered greater contents in comparison with those reported in other regions of the world. ‘Carolina Reaper’—considered to be the hottest variety in the world, with a pungency of 2,200,000 Scoville heat units (SHU)—when cultivated in Yucatan, had a pungency of 3,006,330 SHU, which was greater than all the other varieties analyzed.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical Analysis and Anti Diabetic Activity of Dried Leaves of Abrus precatorius – an in vivo Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narender Boggula1 ◽  
Madan Mohan Elsani ◽  
Vamshi Sharathnath Kaveti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
The World ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Different Parts

Diabetes mellitus is among the most common disorder in developed and developing countries, and the disease is increasing rapidly in most parts of the world. It has been estimated that up to one-third of patients with diabetes mellitus use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. The medicinal plants refer to the plants extracts of different parts (leaves, seeds, roots, fruits etc.) which are used in the treatment of various diseases of humans, animals and plants. So, the study was carried out to ascertain the anti diabetic properties present in different extracts of dried scale leaves of Abrus precatorius. The present study is an attempt to highlight the anti diabetic activity as well as phytochemical and pharmacological reports on Abrus precatorius and calls for better-designed clinical trials to elucidate possible therapeutic effects on diabetes. The in-vivo studies on the chloroform leaves extract of Abrus precatorius revealed the presence of significant anti diabetic activity. Therefore, it can be used as a source of natural anti diabetic and used in drug formulations for treatment of diseases.

scholarly journals Review of COVID-19 Re-Infection among Recovered Patients and Its Implication for Lung Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Nkiru Edith Obande-Ogbuinya ◽  
Lois Nnenna Omaka-Amari ◽  
Jude N. Nwafor ◽  
Chinenye B. Omeje ◽  
Maria-lauretta Chito Orji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Infection ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Human Organ ◽  
The World ◽  
Hospital Systems ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lung Health ◽  
Index Disease ◽  
Different Parts

COVID-19 infection has continued to pose a very serious health threat to mankind globally despite all efforts geared toward curbing its spread. More worrisome recently is the report from different parts of the world on the re-infection of those treated and recovered with COVID -19 patients thus making containment of the virus even more difficult. Of more worrisome is the fact that the lung, a vital human organ is a major site being attacked by the virus even on re-infection cases. If quick action is not taken early enough, it may lead to the outright death of the patient. A lung infection, (Pneumonia) caused by COVID-19 has been discovered to be having a stunning effect on hospital systems and killing COVID-19 patients silently and it occurs even as the patient is asymptomatic. This paper examines the reasons for re-infection, Lacuna in the reviewed literature with regards to PCR test results, the effect of re-infection on the lungs, and implication for patients’ lung health. The papers summarized and concluded that it’s a fact that re-infection occurs among patients accompanied by mild or severe symptoms having far-reaching implications for the patient’s lung health. The paper recommends that the government at all levels should collaborate with WHO, CDC, and health policymakers to legally mandating, that every recovered patient should stay an additional 2weeks in the hospital for early detection of re-infection in order to avert any invasion and damage to the lungs thus ensuring lung health. Also, proper health education should be availed to the recovered patients to avoid any exposures or habits (different from the index disease) such as smoking that can pose dangers to the already fatigued lungs.

scholarly journals Capsaicinoids in the Hottest Pepper Bhut Jolokia and its Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunbao Liu ◽  
Muraleedharan G. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
The World ◽  
Hot Peppers ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Quantity Of Heat ◽  
Bhut Jolokia ◽  
Cox 1

Hot peppers are known for medicinally important capsaicinoids. Bhut Jolokia, Capsicum chinense/Capsicum frutescens, is the hottest pepper in the world. However, its bioactivity and quantity of heat principles are not reported. We have now quantified capsaicin (C) and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) in Bhut Jolokia and compared it with commonly consumed hot peppers, Jalapeno (Capsicum annuum) and Scotch Bonnet (Capsicum chinense). The concentration of C and DHC in Bhut Jolokia was 5.36%, which is about 338 and 18 times greater than in Scotch Bonnet and Jalapeno, respectively. We have also isolated capsaicin (C) and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) in pure form and determined lipid peroxidation (LPO) and cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and -2) enzymes inhibitory concentrations. This is the first report of the quantification of C and DHC in Bhut Jolokia, comparison of capsaicinoids content in Bhut Jolokia with Jalapeno and Scotch Bonnet hot peppers and the COX and LPO inhibitory activities of C and DHC.

On retroeconomy

2017 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
V. Papava
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
International Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

This paper analyzes the problem of technological backwardness of economy. In many mostly developing countries their economies use obsolete technologies. This can create the illusion that this or that business is prosperous. At the level of international competition, however, it is obvious that these types of firms do not have any chance for success. Retroeconomics as a theory of technological backwardness and its detrimental effect upon a country’s economy is considered in the paper. The role of the government is very important for overcoming the effects of retroeconomy. The phenomenon of retroeconomy is already quite deep-rooted throughout the world and it is essential to consolidate the attention of economists and politicians on this threat.

BIOASSAY CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL URINARY GONADOTROPHIN EXTRACTS

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Mellinger ◽  
Jalileh A. Mansour ◽  
Richmond W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Quantitative Bioassay ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT A reference standard is widely sought for use in the quantitative bioassay of pituitary gonadotrophin recovered from urine. The biologic similarity of pooled urinary extracts obtained from large numbers of subjects, utilizing groups of different age and sex, preparing and assaying the materials by varying techniques in different parts of the world, has lead to a general acceptance of such preparations as international gonadotrophin reference standards. In the present study, however, the extract of pooled urine from a small number of young women is shown to produce a significantly different bioassay response from that of the reference materials. Gonadotrophins of individual subjects likewise varied from the multiple subject standards in many instances. The cause of these differences is thought to be due to the modifying influence of non-hormonal substances extracted from urine with the gonadotrophin and not necessarily to variations in the gonadotrophins themselves. Such modifying factors might have similar effects in a comparative assay of pooled extracts contributed by many subjects, but produce significant variations when material from individual subjects is compared. It is concluded that the expression of potency of a gonadotrophic extract in terms of pooled reference material to which it is not essentially similar may diminish rather than enhance the validity of the assay.

Book Reviews

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-468
Author(s):  
Zoltán Ádám ◽  
László Csaba ◽  
András Bakács ◽  
Zoltán Pogátsa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
European Studies ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
East European ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

István Csillag - Péter Mihályi: Kettős kötés: A stabilizáció és a reformok 18 hónapja [Double Bandage: The 18 Months of Stabilisation and Reforms] (Budapest: Globális Tudás Alapítvány, 2006, 144 pp.) Reviewed by Zoltán Ádám; Marco Buti - Daniele Franco: Fiscal Policy in Economic and Monetary Union. Theory, Evidence and Institutions (Cheltenham/UK - Northampton/MA/USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Co., 2005, 320 pp.) Reviewed by László Csaba; Piotr Jaworski - Tomasz Mickiewicz (eds): Polish EU Accession in Comparative Perspective: Macroeconomics, Finance and the Government (School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College of London, 2006, 171 pp.) Reviewed by András Bakács; Is FDI Based R&D Really Growing in Developing Countries? The World Investment Report 2005. Reviewed by Zoltán Pogátsa

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