Trickling Filter and Trickling Filter‐Suspended Growth Process Design and Operation: A State-of-the-Art Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen T Daigger ◽  
Joshua P Boltz
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Suspended Growth

scholarly journals Cavitation patterns in high-pressure homogenization nozzles with cylindrical orifices: Influence of mixing stream in Simultaneous Homogenization and Mixing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gall ◽  
E. Rütten ◽  
H. P. Karbstein
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Process Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Cavitation Intensity ◽  
Droplet Sizes

AbstractHigh-pressure homogenization is the state of the art to produce high-quality emulsions with droplet sizes in the submicron range. In simultaneous homogenization and mixing (SHM), an additional mixing stream is inserted into a modified homogenization nozzle in order to create synergies between the unit operation homogenization and mixing. In this work, the influence of the mixing stream on cavitation patterns after a cylindrical orifice is investigated. Shadow-graphic images of the cavitation patterns were taken using a high-speed camera and an optically accessible mixing chamber. Results show that adding the mixing stream can contribute to coalescence of cavitation bubbles. Choked cavitation was observed at higher cavitation numbers σ with increasing mixing stream. The influence of the mixing stream became more significant at a higher orifice to outlet ratio, where a hydraulic flip was also observed at higher σ. The decrease of cavitation intensity with increasing back-pressure was found to be identical with conventional high-pressure homogenization. In the future, the results can be taken into account in the SHM process design to improve the efficiency of droplet break-up by preventing cavitation or at least hydraulic flip.

Process design and optimization of state-of-the-art carbon capture technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhou ◽  
Zhuo You ◽  
Zhihua Wang ◽  
Xin Hu ◽  
Junhu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Design And Optimization

A Survey of Design Philosophies, Models, Methods and Systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 210 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
N F O Evbuomwan ◽  
S Sivaloganathan ◽  
A Jebb
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Design Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Design Theory And Methodology

The study of the design process, design theory and methodology has been a preoccupation of engineers, designers and researchers over the last four to five decades. As the end of this millenium is approached and with the renewed interest around the world in engineering design, it is fitting to examine the state of the art and current status of issues relating to design philosophies, theory and methodology. Over the last 40 years, many approaches to design have been put forward by various researchers, designers and engineers, both in academia and industry, on how design ought to and might be carried out. These proposals on design have tended towards what has come to be regarded as design philosophies, design models and design methods. The thesis of this paper is to discuss various aspects of generic research in design, within the above classifications in the light of the work that has been done in the last four decades. Discussions will focus on various definitions of design, design theory and methodology, the nature and variety of design problems, design classifications, philosophies, models, methods and systems.

scholarly journals Advances in wastewater nitrogen removal by biological processes: state of the art review

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea G. Capodaglio ◽  
Petr Hlavínek ◽  
Massimo Raboni
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Process Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Denitrification Reactor ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

The paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of the most recent advances in biological nitrogen removal, including process design criteria and technological innovations. With reference to the Modified Ludzck Ettinger (MLE) process (pre-denitrification and nitrification in the activated sludge process), the most common nitrogen removal process used nowadays, a new design equation for the denitrification reactor based on specific denitrification rate (SDNR) has been proposed. In addition, factors influencing SDNR (DO in the anoxic reactor; hydrodynamic behavior) are analyzed, and technological solutions are proposed. Concerning technological advances, the paper presents a summary of various “deammonification” processes, better known by their patent names like ANAMMOX®, DEMON®, CANON®, ANITA® and others. These processes have already found applications in the treatment of high-strength wastewater such as digested sludge liquor and landfill leachate. Among other emerging denitrification technologies, consideration is given to the Membrane Biofilm Reactors (MBfRs) that can be operated both in oxidation and reduction mode.

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