scholarly journals A state of the art and development in process design of aluminum for sustainable society

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Osamu UMEZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Sustainable Society

scholarly journals Cavitation patterns in high-pressure homogenization nozzles with cylindrical orifices: Influence of mixing stream in Simultaneous Homogenization and Mixing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gall ◽  
E. Rütten ◽  
H. P. Karbstein
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Process Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Cavitation Intensity ◽  
Droplet Sizes

AbstractHigh-pressure homogenization is the state of the art to produce high-quality emulsions with droplet sizes in the submicron range. In simultaneous homogenization and mixing (SHM), an additional mixing stream is inserted into a modified homogenization nozzle in order to create synergies between the unit operation homogenization and mixing. In this work, the influence of the mixing stream on cavitation patterns after a cylindrical orifice is investigated. Shadow-graphic images of the cavitation patterns were taken using a high-speed camera and an optically accessible mixing chamber. Results show that adding the mixing stream can contribute to coalescence of cavitation bubbles. Choked cavitation was observed at higher cavitation numbers σ with increasing mixing stream. The influence of the mixing stream became more significant at a higher orifice to outlet ratio, where a hydraulic flip was also observed at higher σ. The decrease of cavitation intensity with increasing back-pressure was found to be identical with conventional high-pressure homogenization. In the future, the results can be taken into account in the SHM process design to improve the efficiency of droplet break-up by preventing cavitation or at least hydraulic flip.

Process design and optimization of state-of-the-art carbon capture technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhou ◽  
Zhuo You ◽  
Zhihua Wang ◽  
Xin Hu ◽  
Junhu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Design And Optimization

Towards a Sustainable Circular Economy

2022 ◽  
pp. 138-164
Author(s):  
Soraya M. Ruiz-Peñalver ◽  
José M. Rodríguez-Antón
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Impact

The circular economy (CE) is a new paradigm that helps create convergence into a more sustainable society. This chapter shows the main findings of a systematic literature review examining the state of the art of the business concept of sustainability and CE and how scholars have focused on the implementation of circular and sustainable principles in sectors and firms. The main findings show a lack of consensus on definitions related to CE, creating confusion among firms. Final findings also show the challenges that businesses face and the main obstacles that explain why some organisations fail in the transition. Additionally, this review helps to highlight the main research gaps on the topic to encourage sustainability and circularity among firms. Whilst there are an increasing number of papers related to circularity and supply chains, few papers concern with dematerialising products and services. Another gap is the lack of quantitative studies measuring the impact of transitioning to sustainable and circular economies.

A Survey of Design Philosophies, Models, Methods and Systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 210 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
N F O Evbuomwan ◽  
S Sivaloganathan ◽  
A Jebb
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Design Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Design Theory And Methodology

The study of the design process, design theory and methodology has been a preoccupation of engineers, designers and researchers over the last four to five decades. As the end of this millenium is approached and with the renewed interest around the world in engineering design, it is fitting to examine the state of the art and current status of issues relating to design philosophies, theory and methodology. Over the last 40 years, many approaches to design have been put forward by various researchers, designers and engineers, both in academia and industry, on how design ought to and might be carried out. These proposals on design have tended towards what has come to be regarded as design philosophies, design models and design methods. The thesis of this paper is to discuss various aspects of generic research in design, within the above classifications in the light of the work that has been done in the last four decades. Discussions will focus on various definitions of design, design theory and methodology, the nature and variety of design problems, design classifications, philosophies, models, methods and systems.

scholarly journals Advances in wastewater nitrogen removal by biological processes: state of the art review

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea G. Capodaglio ◽  
Petr Hlavínek ◽  
Massimo Raboni
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Process Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Denitrification Reactor ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

The paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of the most recent advances in biological nitrogen removal, including process design criteria and technological innovations. With reference to the Modified Ludzck Ettinger (MLE) process (pre-denitrification and nitrification in the activated sludge process), the most common nitrogen removal process used nowadays, a new design equation for the denitrification reactor based on specific denitrification rate (SDNR) has been proposed. In addition, factors influencing SDNR (DO in the anoxic reactor; hydrodynamic behavior) are analyzed, and technological solutions are proposed. Concerning technological advances, the paper presents a summary of various “deammonification” processes, better known by their patent names like ANAMMOX®, DEMON®, CANON®, ANITA® and others. These processes have already found applications in the treatment of high-strength wastewater such as digested sludge liquor and landfill leachate. Among other emerging denitrification technologies, consideration is given to the Membrane Biofilm Reactors (MBfRs) that can be operated both in oxidation and reduction mode.

A Dynamic Model for End Milling Using Single Point Cutting Theory

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Kulkarni ◽  
A. Chandra ◽  
S. S. Jagdale
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Current State ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Force Characteristics ◽  
Hierarchy Of Models

The dynamics of a milling process can significantly influence the surface quality and integrity of the finished part. Accordingly, various researchers have investigated the dynamics of milling processes using a hierarchy of models. Tlusty and Smith (1991) provides a review of these models. In recent years, several other researchers (e.g., Armarego and Deshpande, 1989; Montgomery and Altintas, 1991; Nallakatla and Smith, 1992) have also continued to enhance various aspects of such dynamic models. While these dynamic models provide significant insights into the cutting characteristics of a milling process, their utilization in process design has proven to be elusive. The accuracy of these models, however, depends significantly on the prediction of cutting force characteristics. Under the current state-of-the-art, detailed experimentations using actual set-up are necessary to make such predictions accurately. Experimentally obtained constants can vary widely from one milling situation to another, which in turn, significantly restricts their usefulness as predictive tools for process design.

scholarly journals Process Design and Sustainable Development—A European Perspective

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Peter Glavič ◽  
Zorka Novak Pintarič ◽  
Miloš Bogataj
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Business Models ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Lifelong Education ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
The Social

This paper describes the state of the art and future opportunities for process design and sustainable development. In the Introduction, the main global megatrends and the European Union’s response to two of them, the European Green Deal, are presented. The organization of professionals in the field, their conferences, and their publications support the two topics. A brief analysis of the published documents in the two most popular databases shows that the environmental dimension predominates, followed by the economic one, while the social pillar of sustainable development is undervalued. The main design tools for sustainability are described. As an important practical case, the European chemical and process industries are analyzed, and their achievements in sustainable development are highlighted; in particular, their strategies are presented in more detail. The conclusions cover the most urgent future development areas of (i) process industries and carbon capture with utilization or storage; (ii) process analysis, simulation, synthesis, and optimization tools, and (iii) zero waste, circular economy, and resource efficiency. While these developments are essential, more profound changes will be needed in the coming decades, such as shifting away from growth with changes in habits, lifestyles, and business models. Lifelong education for sustainable development will play a very important role in the growth of democracy and happiness instead of consumerism and neoliberalism.

scholarly journals A Disruptive Innovation for Upgrading Methane to C3 Commodity Chemicals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Amieiro Fonseca ◽  
Richard H. Heyn ◽  
Morten Frøseth ◽  
Joris W. Thybaut ◽  
Jeroen Poissonnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Selective Transformation ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Conversion Of Methane ◽  
Commodity Chemicals ◽  
Oxidative Conversion Of Methane ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Great Focus

There are large reserves of stranded natural gas waiting for a viable solution and smaller scale biogas opportunities offering methane feedstocks rich in CO2, for which utilization can become an innovation advantage. C123 will evaluate how to best valorise these unexploited methane resources by an efficient and selective transformation into easy- to- transport liquids such as propanol and propanal that can be transformed further into propylene and fed into the 6B$ polypropylene market. In C123 the selective transformation of methane to C3 hydrocarbons will be realized via a combination of Oxidative Conversion of Methane (OCoM) and hydroformylation (HF), including thorough smart process design and integration under industrial relevant conditions. All C123 technologies exist at TRL 3, and the objectives of C123 will result in the further development of this technology to TRL 5 with a great focus on the efficient the overall integration of not only the reaction steps but also the required purification and separation steps, incorporating the relevant state-of-the-art engineering expertise.

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