On-Line Monitor of the Streaming Current One-factor and its Automation System of Adding Coagulants

2004 ◽  
Vol 2004 (15) ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
H. N. Liu ◽  
Y. J. Xue ◽  
Y. Q. Tan ◽  
J. H. Qu
Keyword(s):  
Automation System ◽  
Streaming Current ◽  
On Line

Fuzzy control of coagulation reaction through streaming current monitoring

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Liu ◽  
M. D. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Streaming Current ◽  
On Line ◽  
Current Monitoring

A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) incorporating the streaming current detector (SDC) was utilized in the automatic control of the coagulation reaction. Kaolinite was used to prepare synthetic raw water, and ferric chloride was used as the coagulant. The control set point was decided at a streaming current (SC) of −0.05 and pH of 8.0 from jar tests, zeta potential and streaming current measurements. A bench-scale water treatment plant with rapid mix, flocculation, and sedimentation units, operated in a continuous-flow mode, was utilized to simulate the reaction. Two critical parameters affecting the coagulation reaction, i.e., pH and streaming current, were chosen as process outputs; while coagulant dose and base dose were chosen as control process inputs. They were on-line monitored and transduced through a FLC. With raw water of initial turbidity of 110 NTU, residual turbidity of lower than 10 NTU before filtration was obtained. Results show that this combination functions satisfactorily for coagulation control.

scholarly journals Energy Use in Residential Buildings: Characterisation for Identifying Flexible Loads by Means of a Questionnaire Survey

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mancini ◽  
Gianluigi Lo Basso ◽  
Livio De Santoli
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Flexible Loads ◽  
On Line ◽  
House Floor ◽  
Statistical Sample

This work shows the outcomes of a research activity aimed at the energy characterization of residential users. Specifically, by data analysis related to the real energy consumption of sample buildings, the flexible loads amount has been identified so as to investigate on the opportunity to implement a demand/response (DR) program. The most meaningful input data have been collected by an on-line questionnaire created within an Excel spreadsheet allowing one to simulate and compare the calculations with the actual dwellings’ consumption; 412 questionnaires have been used as statistical sample and simulations have been performed based on single-zone dynamic model. Additionally, once the energy consumptions have been sorted by the different services, reference key performance indicators (KPIs) have been also calculated normalising those ones by people and house floor surface. From data analysis, it emerges how the Italian residential users are not very electrified. Furthermore, the flexible loads are low and, implementing minor maintenance interventions, the potential of flexibility can decrease up to 20%. For that reason, the current research can be further developed by investigating on suitable flexibility extensions as well as on the automation system requirements which is needed managing the flexible loads.

scholarly journals BURDEN MATERIAL DISCHARGE FROM THE ISOLATION BELL OF THE BLAST FURNACE CHARGING AREA

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Andrey Selegei ◽  
Valery Ivaschenko ◽  
Vyacheslav Golovko ◽  
Nikolay Mikhailovsky ◽  
Svetlana Selegey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Large Bell ◽  
Outlet Hole ◽  
On Line ◽  
Materials Flow

Blast furnace practice has been remaining the most suitable one in the steel production route. A rather large amount of blast furnaces (BF) is equipped with bell-like charging equipment. The discharge capability of such equipment has a drastic influence on the parameters of the charging operations and blast furnace driving rates. The charging features regulate in many cases burden materials descend and the parameters of the BF smelt. In relation to the mentioned, it is revealed that to determine the volume of the burden materials flow passing through the isolation bell of the BF charging area is an urgent scientific and engineering problem. A number of publications is devoted to the problem how to define the burden materials flow coming from the large bell. Most of these studies are grounded on the expressions by prof. Zenkov. However, there is a drawback apparently present in these findings and it can be expressed as the lack of the complex approach to incorporate such parameters as the material type, its granulometry and the geometry of the isolation bell outlet hole. The aim of the current research is to reveal the analytic dependence capable of determining the volumetric flow of the burden materials passing through the hole of the large bell. Thus, possessing the data on the burden materials flow and the geometry of the isolation bell outlet hole, one can determine the initial conditions for developing the trajectory of burden materials movement within the top area of the blast furnace. Moreover, the method proposed with the current publication permits determining the actual aggregate size of the burden materials coming to the BF top charge through the data of burden materials volumetric flow. Further, the actual size of the material particles being charged can be derived from the dependences presented in this work and this, in its turn, influences the permeability of the burden materials column for gases at a given point of BF top radius. Taking these data into account, the real opportunity emerges for an on-line correction of the BF drive by incorporating the certain on-line conditions of BF smelt. The results of the findings reported in this article are to be utilized for improvements on the automation system of blast furnace charge control.

The new ball-rolling mill of EVRAZ NTMK – new possibilities for customers

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-608
Author(s):  
К. А. Ulegin ◽  
K. N. Shvedov ◽  
А. N. Borodin ◽  
V. Yu. Rubtsov
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Mill ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Grinding Balls ◽  
Ball Rolling ◽  
Production Section ◽  
On Line

In view of increase of ferrous and nonferrous ores mining, the need for grinding balls, used for the ores grinding in the process of concentration, is also increasing. Description of technical solutions, realized at accomplishment of an investment project at JSC EVRAZ NTMK, presented. The investment project on the technical modification of the rail and beam shop included construction of the new ball-rolling mil further to production of steel grinding balls. The new ball-rolling mill, which was put into operation in 2018, has a possibility to produce ball of diameter from 60 up to 120 mm with hardness up to 5th group. The mill is equipped by an automation system of the process and balls stocking control. The ball production section comprises a walking beams heating furnace with automated heating modes to ensure energy-efficient operation; automated hot rolling mill for production grinding balls of 60 ‒ 120 mm diameter; balls thermal treatment line, including temperature leveling facility, quenching machine and tempering furnace. The system of the process automation enables to trace on-line all the technological parameters for production quality products, parameters of the environment to increase the energy efficiency of the section, and control system to create safety working area at the section. Within a year after the ball-rolling mill commissioning, the whole nomenclature series of balls was mastered and the passport productivity at each profile was reached. The maximum mill productivity obtained was 22 t/h. The JSC EVRAZ NTMK mill of grinding balls of 60 ‒ 120 mm diameter production meets all the modern market requirements.

The Design and Implementation of an Integrated Distribution Automation Scheme

2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 1942-1946
Author(s):  
Zhi Hong Liu ◽  
Jian Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiang Zhao ◽  
Fang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Automation ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Network Fault ◽  
Compensation Function

According to the statistic of the distribution network operation, distribution network fault is generally located on line branch, rather than the main line. In view of the structure and characteristics of the current distribution automation system, combining the distribution network reformation and construction practice, this paper puts a comprehensive distribution automation solution that the branch line is equipped with distribution automation terminal which integrates protection and reactive power compensation function. It can achieve the rapid isolation of the distribution network failures and the power supply reliability, and dynamically improve the quality of power supply.

scholarly journals IOT Based Home Automation System with Cloud Organizing

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.32) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
S Hrushikesava Raju ◽  
Dr M.Nagabhushana Rao ◽  
N Sudheer ◽  
P Kavitharani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Everyday Object ◽  
Share Data ◽  
On Line ◽  
Home Automation System ◽  
Growing Network ◽  
Industrial Machine

Internet of things may be a growing network of everyday object-from industrial machine to client home appliances which will share data and complete tasks whereas you're busy with different activities. The IoT aims to unify everything in our world below a typical infrastructure, giving United States of America not solely management of things around United States of America, however conjointly keeping United States of America knowing of the state of the items. Home automation with the proliferation of IoT is changing into a reality currently, and a range of players like, Apple, Amazon, Google, Samsung, are all convergence into this area to produce the platform and solutions for sensible homes. In light-weight of this, gift study addresses IoT ideas through systematic review of pedantic analysis papers, company white papers, skilled discussions with specialists and on-line databases. The most objective of this paper is to produce an outline of web of Things, architectures, and very important technologies and their usages in our standard of living. 

The on-line use of histogram data for high-speed correction and alignment of electron microscope images

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
William Krakow
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Memory Access ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
On Line ◽  
Correction Of Astigmatism ◽  
The Fourier Transform

In the past few years on-line digital television frame store devices coupled to computers have been employed to attempt to measure the microscope parameters of defocus and astigmatism. The ultimate goal of such tasks is to fully adjust the operating parameters of the microscope and obtain an optimum image for viewing in terms of its information content. The initial approach to this problem, for high resolution TEM imaging, was to obtain the power spectrum from the Fourier transform of an image, find the contrast transfer function oscillation maxima, and subsequently correct the image. This technique requires a fast computer, a direct memory access device and even an array processor to accomplish these tasks on limited size arrays in a few seconds per image. It is not clear that the power spectrum could be used for more than defocus correction since the correction of astigmatism is a formidable problem of pattern recognition.

Image registration with a computer driven S.T.E.M.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
A.M.H. Schepman ◽  
J.A.P. van der Voort ◽  
J.E. Mellema
Keyword(s):  
Spot Size ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Small Computer ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Specimen Area ◽  
On Line ◽  
Minimum Distances

A Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) was coupled to a small computer. The system (see Fig. 1) has been built using a Philips EM400, equipped with a scanning attachment and a DEC PDP11/34 computer with 34K memory. The gun (Fig. 2) consists of a continuously renewed tip of radius 0.2 to 0.4 μm of a tungsten wire heated just below its melting point by a focussed laser beam (1). On-line operation procedures were developped aiming at the reduction of the amount of radiation of the specimen area of interest, while selecting the various imaging parameters and upon registration of the information content. Whereas the theoretical limiting spot size is 0.75 nm (2), routine resolution checks showed minimum distances in the order 1.2 to 1.5 nm between corresponding intensity maxima in successive scans. This value is sufficient for structural studies of regular biological material to test the performance of STEM over high resolution CTEM.

Design and calibration of an IVEM for general 3-dimensional imaging of non-diffracting materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1040-1041
Author(s):  
Neil Rowlands ◽  
Jeff Price ◽  
Michael Kersker ◽  
Seichi Suzuki ◽  
Steve Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Microstructure ◽  
Image Translation ◽  
Digital Correlation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Mechanical Stage ◽  
Projection Angle

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructure visualization on the electron microscope requires that the sample be tilted to different positions to collect a series of projections. This tilting should be performed rapidly for on-line stereo viewing and precisely for off-line tomographic reconstruction. Usually a projection series is collected using mechanical stage tilt alone. The stereo pairs must be viewed off-line and the 60 to 120 tomographic projections must be aligned with fiduciary markers or digital correlation methods. The delay in viewing stereo pairs and the alignment problems in tomographic reconstruction could be eliminated or improved by tilting the beam if such tilt could be accomplished without image translation.A microscope capable of beam tilt with simultaneous image shift to eliminate tilt-induced translation has been investigated for 3D imaging of thick (1 μm) biologic specimens. By tilting the beam above and through the specimen and bringing it back below the specimen, a brightfield image with a projection angle corresponding to the beam tilt angle can be recorded (Fig. 1a).

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