scholarly journals Study of Sodium Chloride Production Using Gradual Evaporation of Seawater from Nggolonio Sea, East Nusa Tenggara

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Ernesta Wae ◽  
◽  
Rachmat T. Tjahjanto ◽  
Diah Mardiana ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Total Chloride ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
Magnesium Salts

Sea water as a raw material resources for the kitchen salt production, besides containing NaCl, has also containing other dissolved salts such as hygroscopic calcium and magnesium salts. The high content of other salts cause industrial NaCl has a low quality. This aim research was to find out the effect of seawater evaporation on NaCl content changes. Seawater obtained from Nggolonto, Nagekeo, NTT, was used with an initial volume of 200 mL, then it was concentrated in varying of final volume, i.e. 20, 23, 25, 27 and 29 mL. The NaCl content was calculated based on total chloride ion content, corrected toward magnesium and calcium ions content and the presence of sulphate anion. In addition, the chloride and magnesium also calcium ions content was analyzed volumetrically, while the sulphate anion was determined spectrophotometrically. The research result showed that NaCl content increase significantly up to 27 mL of final volume and was constantly afterward. Furthermore, the highest of NaCl content obtained from final volume of 29 mL was 96.01%. Nevertheless, comparing to SNI 06-0303-1989, its content was still below the standard of 98.5%.

PEAS AND PRODUCTS OF ITS PROCESSING OF - NONCONVENTIONAL RAW MATERIAL RESOURCES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.Y. Bolgova ◽  
◽  
N.A. Tarasenko ◽  
Z.S. Mukhametova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Rich

Nutrition is an important factor that affects human health. The use of plant proteins as various additives in food production has now been actively developed. The rich chemical composition of pea grains determines the possibility of application in the food industry. Peas are characterized by good assimilability and degree of digestion.

Agglomeration Technologies of Processing Powder Wastes

2015 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Marian Peciar ◽  
Roman Fekete ◽  
Peter Peciar
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
New Type ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
High Technologies

This article deals with the presentation of modern applications for processing powdered, primarily hazardous, waste to an agglomeration form appropriate for subsequent processing by classical methods, for example in the construction, automotive and consumer goods industries. The aim of the research work was to set appropriate operating conditions in order to appreciate currently non-processable wastes resulting from the intensive production of often extremely expensive materials. Technologies which enable returning powder waste back into the primary production cycle were developed and experimentally tested, thus saving raw material resources. When necessary for the fixing of fine airborne particles with a problematic compacting curve (hard to compress, repulsive due to the surface charge) extrusion processes using a patented technology enabling controlled modification of shear forces in the extrusion zone were successfully applied. A new type of axial extruder allows the elimination of the liquid phase and as a result prevents the clogging of the extrusion chamber. In the case of need for granulation of sensitive materials (for example pharmaceuticals not allowing the addition of any kind of agglomerating fluid or reacting strongly in the contact of the two phases), a process of compaction between rolls with different profiled surface was successfully applied. The developed high technologies and the resulting products thus represent a major contribution to environmental protection in the context of not only the work but also the communal environment.

scholarly journals CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF PURE SQUALENE BY USING COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dosis Undjung
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Shark Liver Oil ◽  
Heater Tube

The purpose of this research was to produce pure Squalene using the Chromatography Column of Continuous System, so that it will be applicable in home industry. The raw material was a Shark caught from the sea water in Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan. The result of this research concludes that the Column Chromatography of Continuous System in the experiment was able to produce pure Squalene with the level of purification of 79.89 % out of raw material was as long 180 minutes, by the elution speed of 4 mL per minute, and the eluen (liquid of the raw material) needed was as much as 900 mL, the solution lost (2 % of dietil eter in benzene) during the process was 2.04 %, the temperature in the heater tube was 110 oC, the number of the Silica gel G 40 types as what so-called solid phase in this process to purify 90 g of raw material was 90 g, and the amount of the solution remained in the pure Squalene was 1.5 ppm. Column Chromatography of Continuous System may be applicable in home industry to produce pure Squalene from Shark Liver Oil, the materials and equipment for this activity can be easily found as they are available in markets. A further analysis is needed to find out of contained compound for its further use.   Keywords: pure squalene, continuous system, column chromatography

scholarly journals Waste production and waste management in the EU

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
S Matušková ◽  
M Taušová ◽  
L Domaracká ◽  
P Tauš
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The constant growth of the population increases the demands on raw material resources, which is reflected in increasing pressure on the environment. The impact of mankind on the environment is nowadays an increasingly acute problem, which is being addressed by the governments of individual countries, not only the EU, through legislative interventions. The most addressed areas are the issue of production and subsequent waste management. Waste production in the world has been growing for a long time, which causes considerable problems for individual countries. Each country is currently looking for the optimal way of waste management to reuse it as secondary raw material. In this paper, we analysed twenty-eight EU countries in terms of production and waste management and found significant differences between countries. We looked for factors that lead to different results between countries in the production and management of waste, based on the population, the size of the country to the indicators of living standards, and legislation applicable to those countries.

Osmoregulation in the Larva of the Marine Caddis Fly, Philanisus Plebeius (Walk.) (Trichoptera)

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-838
Author(s):  
JOHN P. LEADER
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electrical Potential Difference ◽  
Caddis Fly

1. The larva of Philanisus plebeius is capable of surviving for at least 10 days in external salt concentrations from 90 mM/l sodium chloride (about 15 % sea water) to 900 mM/l sodium chloride (about 150 % sea water). 2. Over this range the osmotic pressure and the sodium and chloride ion concentrations of the haemolymph are strongly regulated. The osmotic pressure of the midgut fluid and rectal fluid is also strongly regulated. 3. The body surface of the larva is highly permeable to water and sodium ions. 4. In sea water the larva is exposed to a large osmotic flow of water outwards across the body surface. This loss is replaced by drinking the medium. 5. The rectal fluid of larvae in sea water, although hyperosmotic to the haemolymph, is hypo-osmotic to the medium, making it necessary to postulate an extra-renal site of salt excretion. 6. Measurements of electrical potential difference across the body wall of the larva suggest that in sea water this tissue actively transports sodium and chloride ions out of the body.

scholarly journals Risk assessment of the use of alternative animal and plant raw material resources in aquaculture feeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 703-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett D. Glencross ◽  
Johanna Baily ◽  
Marc H.G. Berntssen ◽  
Ronald Hardy ◽  
Simon MacKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Plant Raw Material

scholarly journals Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A Review on the Identification Methods for Polymeric Materials

Recycling ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigorescu ◽  
Grigore ◽  
Iancu ◽  
Ghioca ◽  
Ion
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Materials Used

Considering that the large quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment plastics generated annually causes increasing environmental concerns for their recycling and also for preserving of raw material resources, decreasing of energy consumption, or saving the virgin materials used, the present challenge is considered to be the recovery of individual polymers from waste electrical and electronic equipment. This study aims to provide an update of the main identification methods of waste electrical and electronic equipment such as spectroscopic fingerprinting, thermal study, and sample techniques (like identification code and burning test), and the characteristic values in the case of the different analyses of the polymers commonly used in electrical and electronic equipment. Additionally, the quality of the identification is very important, as, depending on this, new materials with suitable properties can be obtained to be used in different industrial applications. The latest research in the field demonstrated that a complete characterization of individual WEEE (Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment) components is important to obtain information on the chemical and physical properties compared to the original polymers and their compounds. The future directions are heading towards reducing the costs by recycling single polymer plastic waste fractions that can replace virgin plastic at a ratio of almost 1:1.

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