scholarly journals Studi Komparatif Penanganan Pandemi di Taiwan: SARS, H1N1, dan COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-66
Author(s):  
Ardila Putri ◽  
Silvia Dian Anggraeni ◽  
Rika Isnarti ◽  
Nisrina Najla Khairunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Laboratory Capacity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Indirect Observation

Taiwan is considered as one of the countries that has successfully controlled the spread of COVID-19. Taiwan stated that their success in controlling the spread of COVID-19 was inseparable from their experience in dealing with SARS in 2003. This paper aims to compare Taiwan's response to SARS 2003, H1N1 in 2009, and COVID-19. By comparing Taiwan's response, this article detailing the transformation of Taiwan's policy in every pandemic and analyze the lesson learn for developing countries, including Indonesia, in dealing with a pandemic of communicable diseases in the future. In 2003 Taiwan had made some negligence as developing countries did when the outbreak of COVID-19. By looking at the transformation of Taiwan's policy, we can draw conclusions about the steps that developing countries can take in the future in controlling the spread of infectious diseases. This paper uses the tradition of empiricism with an indirect observation mechanism through the study of literature to describe the transformation of Taiwan's policies and analyze the lessons that can be taken by developing countries. The learning relates to communicable disease monitoring, border quarantine, communicable disease reporting, response planning, contact tracing, laboratory capacity building, public health education, open and transparent information.

scholarly journals South Africa (2009) – Salient Contemporary Features in Facts and Figures

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Marthinus S. Badenhorst
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Racial Boundaries ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future

South Africa is a demographically diverse country where many divisions (still) tend to coincide with racial boundaries, beset by a wide range of socio-economic problems typical of developing countries and otherwise stemming from its colonial past and a discriminatory past policy of apartheid. The paper describes the country's salient features in facts and figures in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of society in terms of demography, education, employment, public health care, poverty, housing, crime and the economy. The picture presented tends to be on the dark side, but also hopeful for the future thanks to inter alia a strong globalised economy.

scholarly journals Example C: Using online respondent-driven detection for communicable disease control

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y B Helms ◽  
N Hamdiui ◽  
R Eilers ◽  
C J P A Hoebe ◽  
N Dukers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Online Questionnaire

Abstract Online respondent-driven detection (online-RDD) is a novel method of case-finding that may enhance contact tracing (CT). However, the opportunities and barriers of online-RDD for public health practice have not yet been investigated from the perspective of public health professionals (PHPs). Therefore, it is unclear what the potential strengths and limitations of online-RDD for CT are. We conducted a sequential exploratory mixed methods research. First, we conducted semi-structured interviews with Dutch PHPs involved in CT. Questions were derived from the diffusion of innovations theory. Second, we distributed an online-questionnaire to 260 Dutch PHPs to study the main findings in a larger population. We used hypothetical scenario’s (scabies, shigella, and mumps) to elicit PHPs’ perceptions of online-RDD. Twelve interviews were held. Response rate to the online-questionnaire was 31% (n = 70). Four themes related to characteristics of online-RDD that influenced PHPs’ intention to adopt online-RDD emerged: advantages over traditional CT, task conflicts and opportunity costs, public health risks, and situational compatibility. PHPs believed online-RDD may enhance CT through increased reach, low-key communication options, and saving time. Limitations were foreseen in the delivery of measures, supporting patients and contacts, missing information and contacts, and causing unrest. Online-RDD may be particularly applicable in situations with digitally skilled and literate target populations, low urgency, low time-pressure, and a simple perspective for action. A majority of PHPs (70%) had a positive adoption intention towards online-RDD. PHPs perceived online-RDD as beneficial to public health practice. Further development of online-RDD should focus on facilitating opportunities for personal contact between PHPs, patients and contacts. A comparative study of ‘traditional’ CT and online-RDD could yield further insights in the potential of online-RDD for public health practice.

scholarly journals PH WINS and the Future of Public Health Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. S10-S12
Author(s):  
Beth A. Resnick ◽  
Laura Morlock ◽  
Marie Diener-West ◽  
Elizabeth A. Stuart ◽  
Michelle Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals 69. Effective Contact Tracing Strategies for COVID-19: A Municipal Health Department’s Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S165-S165
Author(s):  
Paul Persaud ◽  
Jin S Suh ◽  
Kate Bond ◽  
Alicia Espinal-Mesa ◽  
Bennett Suh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Public Health Response

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, contact tracing program as part of a larger epidemiological case investigation was effectively implemented by the local department of health in Paterson, NJ. The Paterson Communicable Disease Strike Team (PCDST) was established by leveraging skills and using existing public health staff of the health department team which led to a timely and robust public health intervention. Methods PCDST comprised of 25 communicable disease investigators/contact tracers established in preparation for public health response in the event of large-scale communicable disease outbreaks pre-COVID. In March 2020 with initial COVID-19 cases in Paterson, PCDST was activated utilizing NJ DOH’s Communicable Disease Reporting and Surveillance System (CDRSS). Additional staff members were cross-trained to augment team as new cases surged. A triage coordinator would identify and assign new cases to disease investigators at a 24/7 schedule. Disease Investigators would provide test results, perform epidemiological case interviews, elicit close contacts, and provide isolation/quarantine recommendations. Case-contact monitors followed up daily basis until completion of isolation/quarantine period. Results As of June 15, 2020, 6537 cases tested COVID-19 (+) in Paterson, NJ. 91% of cases and their contacts were interviewed. Peak occurred in mid-April with 263 cases on a single day. By mid-June, daily number of cases declined to 7/day. Reported COVID-19 mortality rate in Paterson (4.65%), compared to surrounding towns in the same county of Passaic (6%), other large cities in New Jersey (Newark 8%, Jersey City 7.4%) and New Jersey state (7.59%). Conclusion Despite limited resources, we were able to cross train and engage our frontline public health team (PCDST) to investigate and effectively contact trace new COVID-19 cases to help contain spread of infection. Although its unclear if our intervention impacted mortality rates, it is certain that contact tracing using a trained public health workforce is a model that has proven successful in Paterson. A local public health workforce vested in their communities can develop rapport needed to build trust and confidence in an intervention that elicits confidential medical information to limit viral transmission. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Fears of health catastrophe as Nepal reports increasing deaths from COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-003
Author(s):  
Chalise Hom Nath
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
First Case ◽  
Increasing Trend

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had affected both developed and developing countries too. The first case in Nepal was confirmed on 23 January 2020. It was also the first recorded case of COVID-19 in South Asia. Nepal reported its first COVID-19 death on May 16. At the end of October, the number of death stood 937 and 1126 on 9 November. In September and October, deaths doubled, and with winter setting in, fatalities may skyrocket. Among the total CP cases in Nepal nearly 50% are from the Capital Kathmandu. So, Kathmandy is the new epicenter of COVID-19 in Nepal. There are no proper community-based isolation centres and ICU beds are also still limited. Due to increasing trend of COVID-19 cases and death people have fear of psychological stress. A study shows at least one symptom of psychological distress whereas 32% suffered from two or more symptoms of psychological distress such as restlessness, fearfulness, anxiety and worry and sadness. Despite limited resources, the government’s major challenges are early diagnosis, management of confirmed cases, contact tracing, and implementing some public health measures to reduce the infection’s transmissibility.

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