scholarly journals Technology as a Tool for Transnational Organized Crime

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Tung
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Criminal Networks ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
The World

Using technology to commit crimes is becoming much more prevalent. The internet has provided organized criminal entities anonymity and accessibility to criminal networks across the world to expand their illicit businesses. Technology is allowing for different organizations to co-exist and assist one another to achieve their goals. Organized crime entities are not only utilizing cyberspaces to communicate with networks across the globe but are also utilizing these spaces to aid in money laundering. Money laundering processes have begun to move online to better obscure assets in relation to criminal activity. Therefore, technology is creating a more dynamic and complex world to combat organized crime.

scholarly journals COMBATING MONEY LAUNDERING AS A PART OF TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME-CRIMINAL LAW METHODS AND PROBLEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1503-1507
Author(s):  
Tatijana Ashtalkoska-Baloska ◽  
Aleksandra Srbinovska-Doncevski
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global Financial System

Money laundering its serious problem which threatens global financial system for a long time, hence measures against money laundering are part of one global system of criminal justice and policy against transnational organized crime, starting with predicting actions as criminal offences, precision its basic elements, giving priority of property sanctions and measures as a part of penal policy against this type of crime, but also finding new mechanism, in a way of detection and procedure of these illicit actions. This notion covers various activities directed against legalization of money acquired with committing crime, and therefore the center of injustice is exactly in covering criminal origin of money and including in legal financial flows. Although, in terms of detection and combating of this phenomenon, apart from the basic criminal offense, the money laundering operation itself and the predicate act often constitute a problem with regard to processing, which, if is not proved can constitute an additional obstacle of the procedure against the basic offence, as well as seizure of funds that are illegally obtained through such criminal activities. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of building a global anti-money laundering system containing legislative measures as a first step in the control of money laundering and institutional restructuring for the effective enforcement of the existing criminal legislation. Criminalization and control of money laundering is complemented by confiscation of property and property gain acquired by such criminal activity, as measure which should enable reduction of financial power of criminal offenders and possibility of further committing of crime.

scholarly journals Transnational organized crime as a modern phenomenon: definitions and main features

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Olena Tkachova
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Crime Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Modern Technologies

The article analyzes the current situation in the world from the standpoint of the spread of such a negative phenomenon as transnational organized crime. It has been proven that by reducing the time of entry into another country, and in EU countries also by eliminating the need for customs control, it is easier for criminals not only to quickly and unhindered to get, so to speak, to another part of the hemisphere, but also to move, hide or hide goods, weapons, etc. In addition, a powerful impetus to criminal activity was given by globalization, the development of modern technologies, in particular, methods, techniques, programs used in modern banking, facilitated the implementation of international criminal agreements, and the electronics revolution gave criminals, including criminal organizations, access to new means and methods of obtaining funds.It is substantiated that transnational organized crime is one of the highest levels of criminal evolution, a qualitatively new form of crime organization, their antisocial, illegal activities go beyond the territory and jurisdiction of one state, and the subjects are sustainable criminal organizations, whose activities and spheres of influence applies not to one but to several countries, neighboring states, regions, etc. They operate in different regions of the world, have a certain specialization, use various methods, techniques (blackmail, intimidation, corruption schemes), and are united by a common goal - to obtain a very high (maximum) profit while ensuring minimal risk.

Organized Crime in Foreign Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Swanström ◽  
Christina Wenngren
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Black Market ◽  
Criminal Networks ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Drugs And Crime

Transnational organized crime is part and parcel of the modern, globalized economy. The black market has irrefutable influence over both economic and political structures. It corrodes, corrupts, and coopts the institutions with which it comes into contact. Features that arise as a side effect of organized criminal activity also impact economic, social, and political developments. Isolated approaches aimed at counteracting criminal networks have proved ineffective, necessitating a fresh perspective on foreign policy-based solutions. A central difficulty of researching organized crime is the opaque nature of criminal networks, whose members prefer to operate in the shadows. The underworld does not owe accountability to any outsiders, nor do crime syndicates generally file tax returns. International bodies like the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime are forced to rely on the reports of member states, which are often subject to distortion. This makes accurate assessment of the extent and impact of organized crime difficult, to say the least. Part of what makes the black market difficult to combat is the malleable approach of criminal networks. They employ a variety of strategies to pursue their illicit activity and will quickly adapt to the given strength or weakness of their host state. These strategies manifest themselves as either evasion, confrontation, or infiltration of state institutions. All of these strategies undermine legitimate sociopolitical structures, making it imperative to implement effective foreign policy initiatives that fight the trade as a whole.

Ways to counteract transnational crime in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Aleksandrovich Dadalko ◽  
Victoria Aleksandrovna Pobedushkina
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Transnational Crime ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Current Mechanism

The article is devoted to possible ways of counteracting transnational organized crime in Russia. A number of proposals have been developed to change and toughen the measures to combat transnational crime in Russia. The current situation of transnational criminal groups in the world is analyzed, and the threat they pose is demonstrated. The importance of strengthening international cooperation for effective work in this direction is noted. The current mechanism of counteraction in foreign countries is considered. The materials of the article can be used as teaching materials for courses related to economic security.

scholarly journals Transnational crime: features and basic models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
О. V. Tkachova
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Transnational Crime ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Ethnic Network ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Criminal Groups

The study found that the features of modern transnational organized crime are: rapid adaptation to realities, instant response to changes and transformations in life and economy, the ability to improve and adjust the methods and tools used in activities; coordination; rationality; thoughtfulness and systematic actions; systematization; the desire to minimize potential risks and get the most profit and maximum profits. Such models of transnational organized crime as: corporate, trade unions, partnerships, ethnic, network are considered. Modern transnational criminal groups, regardless of model, have been shown to be “well-concealed, well-off criminal communities with a well-defined internal structure, distribution of spheres of influence and functions, and extensive interregional or international ties. It is emphasized that now transnational crime is turning into cybercrime. This is made possible by the fact that it is easier to hide criminal activity on the Internet, anonymity is ensured, and it is possible to act uncontrollably, which, in turn, guarantees security for criminal activity

scholarly journals A new motivation: the television in the school

Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Luisa Fernandes-Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Third ◽  
World Today ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Excessive Consumption

The present article is about the presence of the tv in the society, in general, and its potential as an important agent, such as the family and the school, on the children’s and young people’s development and education. Nowadays we live in a complex world of images with sound, the most of them transmitted by the tv, the cinema and the internet. The infantile universe is full of those images. This way we structured this article in four parts, refering some of the contents related with this subject. The first part describes the presence of the television in the children's daylife and their relationship with the magic box, even the identification that they make with its favourites characters, in order to understand the space that the TV occupies in their lives. The second part presents the different messages transmitted by the television. It is important to analyze the main risks and advantages of television, that is to say, in spite of some programs show bad values, foment the excessive consumption, expose the children to an atmosphere of violence and pornography, also entertains, accompanies, educates, informs, favours the access to the culture and allows to unite the family around a program. At last the third part, this one outlines the necessity to put the tele as a curricular resource in the school, to teaches the students how to analyze, how to criticize and to think about the texts and the news of the world today. The television, considered a powerful tool, is decisive in the communication, such in the formation of values and ideas as in the culture transmission. The function of the school is not to remain far from this factor, but to try to meditate, to understand and to decide its impact, in a better way, on the development of the children and youngs. As conclusion we can add that we’ve tried to aim some strategies that educators and parents will be able to work, united to the children and the youngs, so they could have a new look of the Tv’s world and that they could know how to make their own selection and how to have a critical attitude before the watched product.La presente comunicación se refiere a la presencia de la tele en la sociedad en general y a su potencial como agente importante de formación y educación, junto con la escuela y la familia, en la vida de los niños y de los jóvenes. Actualmente vivimos inmersos en un mundo complejo de imágenes con sonido, que recibimos muy especialmente a través de la tele, del cine y de Internet, los cuales hacen parte del cotidiano del universo infantil. Así, a fin de organizar algunos de los contenidos desde los que es posible enfocar el tema, estructuramos este artículo en cuatro partes. La primera parte describe la presencia de la tele a diario de los niños y su relación con la caja mágica, incluso la identificación que hacen de sus personajes favoritos, a fin de comprender el espacio que ocupa la tele en su cotidianidad. La segunda parte presenta los distintos mensajes transmitidos por la tele. Es importante analizar las principales riesgos y ventajes de la televisión, o sea, a pesar de algunos programas muestran antivalores de la tele: fomentar excesivamente el consumo, exponer a los niños a un ambiente de violencia y pornografía también entretiene, acompaña, educa, informa, favorece el acceso a la cultura y permite unir a la familia en torno a un programa. Cuanto a la tercera parte, plantea la necesidad de incorporar la tele como recurso curricular en la escuela, para que enseñe a los alumnos a analizar crítica y reflexivamente los textos mediáticos. La televisión es considerada como una herramienta poderosa, determinante en la comunicación, tanto en la formación de valores e ideas, como en la transmisión de cultura; la función de la escuela no es permanecer ajena a este factor, pero procurar reflexionar para comprender y decidir mejor su impacto en el desarrollo de los niños y jóvenes. Como conclusión podemos añadir que hemos tratado de apuntar algunas estrategias que educadores y padres podrán trabajar junto con los niños y los jóvenes, para que éstes tengan una nueva mirada del mundo de la tele y para que sepan hacer su propia selección y tener una actitud crítica ante el producto visionado.

Organized Crime

2008 ◽  
pp. 610-619
Author(s):  
Frank G. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Modern Times

This article discusses a virtually unknown but growing role of the UN, which is its contribution to combating transnational organized crime. This includes illicit drug and human trafficking. UN efforts in this area are based on the Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The article stresses that reinterpretations of older conventions are important in modern times, where national authorities may be at a disadvantage in fighting illicit activity. The article determines that destroying terrorism and money laundering is similar to stopping the trafficking of illicit drugs and humans, since these should be intrinsic and not additional UN activities.

SHORTER ARTICLES, COMMENTS, AND NOTES: TRAFFICKING OF HUMAN BEINGS AS A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY: SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Obokata
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
The World ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
International Legal System

Trafficking of human beings is a widespread practice in the modern world. It has been estimated that up to 800,000 people, especially women and children, are trafficked all around the world each year.1Virtually all States are affected,2and traffickers are believed to make between $7 and $10 billion annually from the trafficking business.3In order to combat trafficking, the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Trafficking Protocol) was adopted in December 2000, within the framework of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Organized Crime Convention).4

scholarly journals Illicit Transnational Enterprises and the State

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-105
Author(s):  
Anna I. Efimova
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Weak States ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
State Fragility ◽  
Transnational Activities

This article aims at contributing to the current debate over the effects of illicit transnational activities on states. Recent avenues of conceptualizing transnational organized crime call for defining it as an economic activity with the scope of profit, rather than a criminal activity. Illicit transnational business activities largely follow the trends in development of legal business. The transnational criminal enterprises emerged in parallel to the growth of multinational corporations, making use of the same opportunities as legal business did. The article discusses violence by illicit enterprises and reviews current theoretical debate on the linkages between illicit enterprises and the state. The paper then proceeds with an empirical analysis of the effects of the presence of illicit enterprises on state weakness. We have hypothesized that weak states may have higher presence of criminal businesses. The findings generally confirm significant correlation between the two variables. State fragility is positively correlated with the presence of organized crime. Testing these results against empirical evidence partially confirms the findings. However, this correlation might be weakened by the observation that the presence of illicit enterprises alone does not determine state fragility or strength. 

scholarly journals The economics aspect of money laundering

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Nataša Stevandić
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
International Community ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Economic Instability ◽  
Public Revenue ◽  
Organized Crime Groups

The forms of threat to a country's economic system are very diverse. In modern times, perfidious systems of activity of organized crime groups are coming to light, especially in the field of organized crime. One such criminal activity is certainly money laundering, which is increasingly becoming a serious international problem. Money laundering is basically the legalization of capital acquired through criminal activity. As a criminal activity, it directly negatively affects the economics, political, legal, cultural and other significant values of a society. The most visible consequences of money laundering (most of which are economics in nature) are: undermining the integrity of financial markets, eroding control over economics policy, economic instability, loss of public revenue, deformation of savings and consumption, jeopardizing reform programs, loss of state reputation, etc. Money laundering is a complex and serious challenge for states and the entire international community. Considering that national strategies are not sufficient to combat this problem, a successful transnational approach and strategy are required.

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