scholarly journals Transnational organized crime as a modern phenomenon: definitions and main features

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Olena Tkachova
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Crime Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Modern Technologies

The article analyzes the current situation in the world from the standpoint of the spread of such a negative phenomenon as transnational organized crime. It has been proven that by reducing the time of entry into another country, and in EU countries also by eliminating the need for customs control, it is easier for criminals not only to quickly and unhindered to get, so to speak, to another part of the hemisphere, but also to move, hide or hide goods, weapons, etc. In addition, a powerful impetus to criminal activity was given by globalization, the development of modern technologies, in particular, methods, techniques, programs used in modern banking, facilitated the implementation of international criminal agreements, and the electronics revolution gave criminals, including criminal organizations, access to new means and methods of obtaining funds.It is substantiated that transnational organized crime is one of the highest levels of criminal evolution, a qualitatively new form of crime organization, their antisocial, illegal activities go beyond the territory and jurisdiction of one state, and the subjects are sustainable criminal organizations, whose activities and spheres of influence applies not to one but to several countries, neighboring states, regions, etc. They operate in different regions of the world, have a certain specialization, use various methods, techniques (blackmail, intimidation, corruption schemes), and are united by a common goal - to obtain a very high (maximum) profit while ensuring minimal risk.

scholarly journals Transnational crime: features and basic models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
О. V. Tkachova
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Transnational Crime ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Ethnic Network ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Criminal Groups

The study found that the features of modern transnational organized crime are: rapid adaptation to realities, instant response to changes and transformations in life and economy, the ability to improve and adjust the methods and tools used in activities; coordination; rationality; thoughtfulness and systematic actions; systematization; the desire to minimize potential risks and get the most profit and maximum profits. Such models of transnational organized crime as: corporate, trade unions, partnerships, ethnic, network are considered. Modern transnational criminal groups, regardless of model, have been shown to be “well-concealed, well-off criminal communities with a well-defined internal structure, distribution of spheres of influence and functions, and extensive interregional or international ties. It is emphasized that now transnational crime is turning into cybercrime. This is made possible by the fact that it is easier to hide criminal activity on the Internet, anonymity is ensured, and it is possible to act uncontrollably, which, in turn, guarantees security for criminal activity

scholarly journals Technology as a Tool for Transnational Organized Crime

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Tung
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Criminal Networks ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
The World

Using technology to commit crimes is becoming much more prevalent. The internet has provided organized criminal entities anonymity and accessibility to criminal networks across the world to expand their illicit businesses. Technology is allowing for different organizations to co-exist and assist one another to achieve their goals. Organized crime entities are not only utilizing cyberspaces to communicate with networks across the globe but are also utilizing these spaces to aid in money laundering. Money laundering processes have begun to move online to better obscure assets in relation to criminal activity. Therefore, technology is creating a more dynamic and complex world to combat organized crime.

scholarly journals Crime Boss and the Grounds for Liability: Postmodernism in Criminal Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Burlakov ◽  
Vladislav Shchepelkov
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Crime Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Criminal Groups

All over the world crime is becoming more and more organized. Globalization has considerably extended the area of criminal activities, it can no longer be contained within the national boundaries of one state. Crime bosses freely travel between countries and may solve the problems of their gangs’ cooperation far from the place where the criminal activity takes place. The gangs today have moved away from typical criminal practices. Business is becoming their key activity as it facilitates the organization of criminal groups not only in the shadow, but also in the legal economy. Thus, the main focus of crime counteraction should be the bosses of organized crime. Based on this position, the authors provide a theoretical basis for the introduction of Art. 210.1 in the Criminal Law of Russia — taking the highest position in the criminal hierarchy. They analyze the legal construction of this offence which, in essence, is inchoate. The authors also assess the grounds for criminalizing the very fact of occupying the highest position in a criminal hierarchy. It is proven that this status of a crime boss emerges at an advanced stage of development of the organized group, so the form of crime organization could act as a criterion for the establishment of such a status. The authors also examine some problems of enforcing Art. 210.1 of the Criminal Code and offer different ways of solving them, namely, the aggregate of Part 4, Art. 210 and Art. 210.1 of the CC, and the and specific features of penalizing offenders persecuted under Art. 210.1 and Part 4, Art. 210 of the CC of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Contested borders: organized crime, governance, and bordering practices in Colombia-Venezuela borderlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana García Pinzón ◽  
Jorge Mantilla
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Spatial Category ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Social Orders ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Based on the conceptualizations of organized crime as both an enterprise and a form of governance, borderland as a spatial category, and borders as institutions, this paper looks at the politics of bordering practices by organized crime in the Colombian-Venezuelan borderlands. It posits that contrary to the common assumptions about transnational organized crime, criminal organizations not only blur or erode the border but rather enforce it to their own benefit. In doing so, these groups set norms to regulate socio-spatial practices, informal and illegal economies, and migration flows, creating overlapping social orders and, lastly, (re)shaping the borderland. Theoretically, the analysis brings together insights from political geography, border studies, and organized crime literature, while empirically, it draws on direct observation, criminal justice data, and in-depth interviews.

Ways to counteract transnational crime in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Aleksandrovich Dadalko ◽  
Victoria Aleksandrovna Pobedushkina
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Transnational Crime ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Current Mechanism

The article is devoted to possible ways of counteracting transnational organized crime in Russia. A number of proposals have been developed to change and toughen the measures to combat transnational crime in Russia. The current situation of transnational criminal groups in the world is analyzed, and the threat they pose is demonstrated. The importance of strengthening international cooperation for effective work in this direction is noted. The current mechanism of counteraction in foreign countries is considered. The materials of the article can be used as teaching materials for courses related to economic security.

scholarly journals COMBATING MONEY LAUNDERING AS A PART OF TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME-CRIMINAL LAW METHODS AND PROBLEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1503-1507
Author(s):  
Tatijana Ashtalkoska-Baloska ◽  
Aleksandra Srbinovska-Doncevski
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global Financial System

Money laundering its serious problem which threatens global financial system for a long time, hence measures against money laundering are part of one global system of criminal justice and policy against transnational organized crime, starting with predicting actions as criminal offences, precision its basic elements, giving priority of property sanctions and measures as a part of penal policy against this type of crime, but also finding new mechanism, in a way of detection and procedure of these illicit actions. This notion covers various activities directed against legalization of money acquired with committing crime, and therefore the center of injustice is exactly in covering criminal origin of money and including in legal financial flows. Although, in terms of detection and combating of this phenomenon, apart from the basic criminal offense, the money laundering operation itself and the predicate act often constitute a problem with regard to processing, which, if is not proved can constitute an additional obstacle of the procedure against the basic offence, as well as seizure of funds that are illegally obtained through such criminal activities. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of building a global anti-money laundering system containing legislative measures as a first step in the control of money laundering and institutional restructuring for the effective enforcement of the existing criminal legislation. Criminalization and control of money laundering is complemented by confiscation of property and property gain acquired by such criminal activity, as measure which should enable reduction of financial power of criminal offenders and possibility of further committing of crime.

Transnational Organized Crime

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-143
Author(s):  
Giovanna Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Transnational Criminal Organizations

Criminal organizations have opened up to profound global transformations, putting themselves on the financial markets and creating a network in Mafia style. The present contribution intends to offer a framework of transnational criminal organizations, starting from defining aspects, normative forecasts and peculiarities, and then describing the Italian mafias and those of Eastern Europe, China, and Nigeria. Through these analyses the author intends to demonstrate how although Italy is the only country to have introduced “the Mafia Criminal Association” ex Art. 416 bis of the Penal Code, other countries also know this phenomenon. China, Russia, sub-Saharan Africa have given rise to mafia-style criminal organizations, even though they have not legally defined them. Today the branching of these associations at transnational level brings out their mafia values and the need to intervene with the legal and investigative methodology that was first experimented in Italy.

Political and legal problems of increasing the efficiency of combating transnational crime

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Залужный ◽  
Aleksandr Zaluzhnyy ◽  
Бойко ◽  
Pavel Boyko
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
International Crime ◽  
Transnational Crime ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Legal Questions

The article is devoted to political and legal questions of international cooperation in the sphere of combating transnational crime. The urgency of presented problems is caused by the fact that today transnational organized crime is radically transformed in compliance with globalization processes, accumulates considerable material resources, expands spheres of influence, gets into state bodies and financial and economic institutes of various countries, is often closely connected with terrorist and extremist organizations. On the basis of studying international documents and experience of interaction of various countries in the examined sphere, the basic tendencies of development of international cooperation in the struggle against transnational crime, ways of perfection of legal base of states interaction on combating international crime are defined.

SHORTER ARTICLES, COMMENTS, AND NOTES: TRAFFICKING OF HUMAN BEINGS AS A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY: SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Obokata
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
The World ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
International Legal System

Trafficking of human beings is a widespread practice in the modern world. It has been estimated that up to 800,000 people, especially women and children, are trafficked all around the world each year.1Virtually all States are affected,2and traffickers are believed to make between $7 and $10 billion annually from the trafficking business.3In order to combat trafficking, the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Trafficking Protocol) was adopted in December 2000, within the framework of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Organized Crime Convention).4

scholarly journals Overview of the Characteristics of the Albanian Organized Crime - Development Trends Over the Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Ina Rama
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Impact

The paper aims to describe in general terms some features of the Albanian organized crime, considering its evolution over the years, either in terms of the way its groups are organized or in terms of the type and field of its activity.  Regarding he content of the paper, by the term of the “Albanian organized crime” should be considered, the organizations of Albanian speaking groups, which cross the borders of the Albanian state and extend to other Albanian territories. They apparently, show similar characteristics and forms concerning their organization as that among the Albanians citizens. The first part of the paper describes the features of the Albanian organized crime based on the characteristics related to the nature and culture of the country or typologies that have accompanied the behavior of Albanians towards illegal activities and that have distinguished them from other groups within the same category. The paper emphases the idea of ​​the important impact that has had the historical context in which the country has passed through, on the typology of this type of crime as well as, the influence of political and economic factors in the foundation and development of these criminal groups. The paper provides a description of the impact and importance of Albanian organized crime in the frame work of the organized crime that exists in Italy and in other countries of the region as well as, the impact that these groups have in relation to each other. In particular, the paper has addressed the typology and developments that have followed the Albanian organized crime over the years, in terms of criminal activity in the field of drug trafficking, providing data on the type of drugs that are cultivated and marketed in the country and also the role that this type of criminality has played in frame work of balkan route. The characteristics of organized crime in the area of arms trafficking are also addressed in a special way, reflecting some of its known features and specifics that comes as a result from consulting the open source data. The characteristics of organized crime are also summarized regarding the criminal activity carried out in the area of trafficking in human beings, especially those whose, as origin country is Albania. The paper closes with a citation of criminal activities which, although not yet dominant in the field of Albanian organized crime activity, have begun to be more and more present, becoming an important issue in the focus of foreign law enforcement agencies.   Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

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