De werkgevers in het politiek beslissingsproces voor economische aangelegenheden

Res Publica ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-438
Author(s):  
Robert Vandeputte
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Decision ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

The employers, although small in size, dispose of an important influence in economic decision-making.Before the second world war, economic problems were exclusively dealt with by the government and the employers. After world war II, trade unions came more into relief. They were involved in consultations as athird partner. Consequently the impact of the employers faded somewhat.Currently the employers dispose of various channels to influence economic decision-making; e.g. contacts with civil servants, consultations in study centres of political parties, international relations, etc.Nevertheless the efficacy of employers's power is hindered by internal quarrel, strong individualism, and by the position of trade unions.

EDUCATION AND SCIENCE IN UZBEKISTAN AFTER WORLD WAR II

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Aygul Raimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

The article examines the state of science and education in Uzbekistan in the post-war period. The issues of opening new higher educational institutions, building schools and training personnel are investigated. The article analyzes the achievements of science, the exit of scientists of Uzbekistan into the international arena, achievements in the field of natural and humanitarian areas of science. In general, the article considers the attempts to reform the education system after the end of the Second World War, the difficulties associated with them, their positive and negative consequences, as well as the impact of education on the spiritual and cultural life of the country.

The Impact of High Unemployment on Bargaining Structure

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Brown
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
World War ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Industrialised Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

The rise in unemployment in Western industrialised countries might be expected to have major consequences for the structure of their collective bargaining. The paper addresses the question through a consideration of the British private sector. Since the Second World War this has movedfrom a reliance on multi-employer, industry-wide agreements, superficially similar to those still prevailing in the rest of Western Europe, to a mixed system in which single-employer agreements dominate, similar to that existing in the United States. The coming of high unemployment might be expected to lead to a reversion to multi-employer bargaining. It would provide employers with the opportunity to develop greater solidarity and trade unions would be able to fall back on the security of a minimum wage at a time when shop steward organisation is weak. In fact no such reversion is occurring. The explanation lies in the alternative strategy adopted by employers of using company bargaining to isolate their workforces from the labour market and the labour movement.

scholarly journals MECHANIZATION OF SANITARY TRANSPORT AS A MAJOR FACTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMBULANCE SERVICE IN THE SOVIET BELARUS (1919-1939)

2018 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
A. A. Kapliyev ◽  
M. P. Kapliyeva
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Ambulance Service ◽  
Emergency Medical Care ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

Objective : to study the main stages of development of sanitary transport and the impact of its mechanization on development of the ambulance service in the territory of the Soviet Belarus before the Second World War. Material and methods. The work has studied materials on history of medicine from the funds of state Belarusian and foreign archives. The analysis has been performed with the use of scientific and specialized historical research methods in accordance with the fundamental principles of historicism and objectivity. Results. The analysis has revealed the main factors that contributed to the development of the sanitary transport of the BSSR, as well as the main stages of its formation until the outbreak of the World War II. Conclusion. The most active modernization of the sanitary transport occurred in the second half of the 1930s, which precipitated the approach of professional emergency medical care to the population of the Soviet Belarus.

scholarly journals “Don’t blame the shopkeeper!!”

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mick Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Government Control ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Message Strategies ◽  
Second World

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the impact of zoning and pooling on brands, something not covered in depth in the historical literature. Also, the paper is intended to present research into how brands in the food, drink and confectionery industries during the Second World War used advertising in response to the government control of the market. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a close reading and interpretation of food, drink and confectionery brands advertisements from the Daily Express and Daily Mirror newspapers across the Second World War. Building on the work by Burridge (2008), it explores different message strategies used by brands in response to shortages, zoning and pooling. Findings While rationing has been discussed at length in the historical literature, zoning and pooling have not been. While brands provided information to their customers about rationing, shortages, zoning and pooling, the latter three also caused brands to apologise, look to the future and urge patience. Research limitations/implications This study is based on the Daily Express and Daily Mirror from August 1939 to September 1945. Further research could explore other publications or the period after the war as control continued. Exploration of brand and agency archives could also provide more background into brands’ objectives and decision-making. Originality/value This is the first research to explore the impact of forms of control other than rationing on advertising during the Second World War.

scholarly journals Masculinity, Intimacy, and Mourning: A Father’s Memoir of His Son Killed in Action in World War II

Genealogy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Ruxton
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
World War ◽  
Middle Class Family ◽  
Constructing Meaning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World ◽  
Prolonged Absence

Emotional restraint was the norm for the bereaved during and after the Second World War. Displays of individual grief were discouraged, and overshadowed by a wider concern for mass bereavement. There is limited archival evidence of the suffering that fathers of sons killed in action endured. This article draws upon and analyses a powerful memoir written by my grandfather, lamenting the death of his only son killed in action near the end of the War. While most men contained their emotions in such circumstances, this extended lament expresses a range of deep feelings: Love and care for the departed son, tenderness towards other family members, guilt at sending his son away to boarding school, loss of faith in (Christian) religion, and a sense of worthlessness and personal failure. Of particular interest is the impact of geographical distance over which this narrative is played out, and what it reveals about the experience of one white British middle-class family living overseas, but strongly interconnected with ‘home’ (and specifically Scotland). It also documents the pain of prolonged absence as a result of war; often boys sent ‘home’ to board were separated from their parents for much of their childhood, and were forced to ‘become men’—but not as their parents had envisaged. The article concludes by exploring the implications of this private memoir and what it reveals about memoir, masculinity, and subjectivity; gender and grieving; connections with ‘home’; and constructing meaning after trauma.

World War II and Africa: Introduction

1985 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Crowder
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Original Research ◽  
World War ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World ◽  
Selection Of

Until the late 1970s the impact of the two world wars on Africa was a comparatively neglected area of its colonial history. In 1977 the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London drew attention to this neglect by organizing a symposium on the first of these two wars. A selection of the papers presented at that symposium was published in a special issue of this Journal in 1978. This proved to be a landmark in the study of the history of the First World War in Africa, which has since received much scholarly attention. By contrast, a survey written a few years ago of the Second World War in Africa could make relatively little use of original research. In 1983, however, the Académie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer, Brussels, published a large collection of papers on the Belgian Congo in the Second World War, and in 1984 Richard Rathbone and David Killingray organized a further conference at S.O.A.S. on the impact on Africa of the Second World War. This elicited over thirty papers by scholars from Africa, Europe and North America; they not only provided extensive geographical coverage but also represented a wide variety of interests: political, economic, social and cultural. The conference organizers have since edited a selection of these papers in book form: the topics range from the impact of the war on labour in Sierra Leone to relations between the colonial government and Christian missions in southern Cameroons.

Salvage and Destruction: The Recycling of Books and Manuscripts in Great Britain during the Second World War

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER THORSHEIM
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
British Government ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
Irreparable Harm ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

AbstractAn analysis of Great Britain's campaigns to recycle books and paper reveals the paradoxes of wartime waste policies: destroying history and culture for the sake of reusing materials, and the impact of recycling on the war machinery's own wastefulness. Conscious of systematic recycling in Nazi Germany and its own dependence on imports, the British government established a salvage department only weeks after the outbreak of war. Beginning in 1940, this department required all large towns to collect recyclable materials. Salvage, beyond lessening shortages, served ideological and psychological aims, because reused materials were turned into weapons. This led to a critical redefinition of recycling as the war progressed. People who previously characterised the Third Reich's recycling programmes as typical fascist control now considered compulsory recycling in Great Britain wholly positive. However, protesters claimed the government was causing irreparable harm by salvaging items whose value far exceeded their worth as scrap. The harvesting of books, periodicals and manuscripts as ‘waste’ paper proved particularly contentious, with some arguing that their own government was adding to the destruction that bombs were causing to Great Britain's cultural inheritance.

scholarly journals Тhe Activities of the King and the Government of Romania at the Beginning of World War II

2018 ◽  
pp. 208-216
Author(s):  
Ihor Piddubnyi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
World War ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Head Of Government ◽  
National Reconciliation ◽  
Second World

The article emphasizes the task of the Romanian government at the beginning of the Second World War, aimed at preserving the independence and territorial integrity of the state. Tasks were solved by maintaining good-neighborly relations with other countries, taking measures to protect state borders. The position of the government did not change after the assassination of the head of government A.Calinescu, but forced to take steps to form a government capable of suppressing the activities of the guardians. Following was the government of reconciliation. Both governments had the purpose to demonstrate the continuity of power and the maintenance of the previously chosen political line. Governments were formed within the framework of the National Renaissance Front, which was considered a means of national reconciliation. There have been no changes in the attitude towards Britain and France, which was due to the preservation of the power of Anglophiles and Francophiles. In domestic policy the task was to renew the country, to support change in favor of the country's defense capability. The domestic policy also involved the implementation of the plan for deprivation of citizenship of a large number of people, and the establishment of minimum wages. raised the issue of preservation of natural resources of the country. The country tried to maintain a high rating of the king as a unifying center for the Romanians, which led to a holiday tour of the country in December 1939 - January 1940. King visits to Oradea, Constantsa, Chisinau became a means of influencing public opinion and allowed the leaders of national minorities to demonstrate affection the crown, the cause of national revival, the strengthening of the army. At the same time, the government was shown the attention to the western and eastern outskirts of the country through holding ministerial conferences and defining tasks for improvement of existence.  Keywords: Romania, Carol II, Gh.Tatarescu, government, World War II, domestic policy

Metamorphoses of memory of the the Russian-Serbian Brotherhood of War in Modern Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Party System ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Second World

The article considers the perception of World War II in modern Serbian society. Despite the stability of Serbian-Russian shared historical memory, the attitudes of both countries towards World wars differ. There is a huge contrast in the perception of the First and Second World War in Russian and Serbian societies. For the Serbs the events of World War II are obscured by the memories of the Civil War, which broke out in the country immediately after the occupation in 1941 and continued several years after 1945. Over 70% of Yugoslavs killed during the Second World War were slaughtered by the citizens of former Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The terror unleashed by Tito in the first postwar decade in 1944-1954 was proportionally bloodier than Stalin repressions in the postwar USSR. The number of emigrants from Yugoslavia after the establishment of the Tito's dictatorship was proportionally equal to the number of refugees from Russia after the Civil War (1,5-2% of prewar population). In the post-war years, open manipulations with the obvious facts of World War II took place in Tito's Yugoslavia. In the 1990s the memories repressed during the communist years were set free and publicly debated. After the fall of the one-party system the memory of World War II was devalued. The memory of the Russian-Serbian military fraternity forged during the World War II began to revive in Serbia due to the foreign policy changes in 2008. In October 2008 the President of Russia paid a visit to Serbia which began the process of (re) construction of World War II in Serbian historical memory. According to the public opinion surveys, a positive attitude towards Russia and Russians in Serbia strengthens the memories on general resistance to Nazism with memories of fratricide during the civil conflict events of 1941-1945 still dominating in Serbian society.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE PEOPLE OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE VICTORY OF OVER FASCISM IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Dilorom Bobojonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
The People ◽  
Second World

In this article, the author highlights the worthy contribution of the people of Uzbekistan, along with other peoples, to the victory over fascism in World War II in a historical aspect. This approach to this issue will serve as additional material to previously published works in international scientific circles

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