scholarly journals Bolivar’s Total War

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (35) ◽  
pp. 643-676
Author(s):  
Daniel Emilio Rojas-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Irregular Warfare ◽  
State Action ◽  
Total War ◽  
New Granada ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Impact

This article proposes introducing the concept of total war into the study of Latin American Independence in the 1810s and 1820s. We argue that total war was not an exclusively North Atlantic phenomenon, but an experience that also manifested itself at the beginning of the nineteenth century in the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Granada. To prove it, we analyze the social militarization caused by the enlightened reforms of the eighteenth century, the impact of political revolution in the Atlantic world and the decisive role of religion in creating an enemy that should be exterminated. The article concludes by pointing out two topics that underline the uniqueness of total war in a region of Latin America: the spatial and temporal unity of different forms of regular and irregular warfare, and the fact that total war was not the consequence of state action, but the starting point for State-building.

Liszt at the Piano: The Impact of Iconography on mid-Nineteenth Century Musicology

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Suzanne Marie Francis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Music History ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Iconic Status ◽  
The Impact

By the time of his death in 1827, the image of Beethoven as we recognise him today was firmly fixed in the minds of his contemporaries, and the career of Liszt was beginning to flower into that of the virtuosic performer he would be recognised as by the end of the 1830s. By analysing the seminal artwork Liszt at the Piano of 1840 by Josef Danhauser, we can see how a seemingly unremarkable head-and-shoulders bust of Beethoven in fact holds the key to unlocking the layers of commentary on both Liszt and Beethoven beneath the surface of the image. Taking the analysis by Alessandra Comini as a starting point, this paper will look deeper into the subtle connections discernible between the protagonists of the picture. These reveal how the collective identities of the artist and his painted assembly contribute directly to Beethoven’s already iconic status within music history around 1840 and reflect the reception of Liszt at this time. Set against the background of Romanticism predominant in the social and cultural contexts of the mid 1800s, it becomes apparent that it is no longer enough to look at a picture of a composer or performer in isolation to understand its impact on the construction of an overall identity. Each image must be viewed in relation to those that preceded and came after it to gain the maximum benefit from what it can tell us.

The Catholic Church's Role in the Disintegration of the Spanish Colonial Empire. The Case of the Viceroyalty of New Granada

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Bidegain
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
New Granada ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Popular Classes ◽  
Nueva Granada ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Military

AbstractThis article analyzes aspects of the complex process that led to independence in the Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada. It focuses on the role of religion and of social actors that have not been sufficiently taken into account in traditional historiography. The latter has paid much attention to political and economic aspects, but has disregarded other important changes that propelled the independence process, profound socio-cultural transformations and events that indicate the complexity of the process. First of all, this was not just a revolution from above and the historical periodization has to be reworked as a result of the Borbonic Reforms, with their leaning toward enlightenment. We must not consider the military uprisings as the starting point of the emancipation from the Spanish crown. Even though the colonial societies did not follow the same path as the European bourgeois revolutions with their proposed liberal perspectives, important changes did indeed happen, in which all social groups were implicated. From both the religious and particularly the women's historical perspective we can see the important transformations that took place. Examples are provided of how women of the popular classes triggered the process. Likewise, women amongst the educated elite, large sectors of the Creole clergy and some educational institutions were important agents of the ideological changes, by propagating new ideas. All these, in turn, paved the way for the further diversification of the ideological and religious landscape of Latin America during the independence period.

A Simple Starting Point for Designing for and/or Assessing the Social Impact of Products

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ottosson ◽  
Emma Hirschi ◽  
Christopher A. Mattson ◽  
Eric Dahlin
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

In this paper we present a starting point for designing for and/or assessing the social impact of engineered products. The starting point is a set of tables comprising products, their general functional characteristics, and the accompanying social impacts. We have constructed these tables by first extracting a set of social impact categories from the literature, then 65 products were qualitatively reviewed to find their social impact. The resulting product impact tables can be used at either the beginning of the product development process to decide what social impact to design for and discover product functions that lead to it, or later to qualitatively assess the social impact of a product being designed and/or to assess the impact of an existing product.

The effects of ageing on female genital and sexual health

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (18) ◽  
pp. 1192-1195
Author(s):  
Dawne Garrett ◽  
Sandra Lawton
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Women’S Sexual Health ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reflective Questions ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Genital

This article will explore the impact of ageing on sexual function in older women and will reflect on the social influences on women's sexual ageing, identify the effects of ageing on sexual activity, particularly on genital skin, and consider the concerns from the perspective of older women. The article will then focus on vulval skin conditions and the functional aspects of living with these conditions. Finally, the article provides a starting point for nurses to consider their own knowledge, skills and attitudes through a series of reflective questions and recommendations for those working with older women to aid the identification of issues relating to older women's sexual health and vulval skin conditions, leading to further discussions to promote genital health.

scholarly journals Dependency, History, and Scholarship: An Interview with Professor Stanley J. Stein

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-392
Author(s):  
Vincent Peloso
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social History ◽  
Latin American ◽  
American History ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
National Endowment ◽  
Latin American History ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Stanley J. Stein, Walter Samuel Carpenter III Professor of Spanish Civilization and Culture and Professor of History, Emeritus, at Princeton University, is a lifelong Latin Americanist. Together with his late wife Barbara, herself an accomplished bibliographer and historian of the region, Professor Stein wrote several books and articles that put their stamp on methods of writing the social history of modern Latin America, specifically on the impact of colonialism and industrialism in Mexico and Brazil in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is fair to say that no one who studied Latin American history over the last 35 years would have failed to engage the slim, elegantly written synthesis, The Colonial Heritage of Latin America: Essays on Economic Dependence in Perspective (1970). Recipients of grants and fellowships from the Social Science Research Council, the Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, and the National Endowment for the Humanities, singly or together, the Steins were honored for their path-breaking studies with the CLAH Robertson and Bolton prizes, the Conference on Latin American History Distinguished Service Award (1991), and the American Historical Association Award for Scholarly Distinction (1996).

scholarly journals The inequity of morbidity: Disparities in the prevalence of morbidity between ethnic groups in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2235042X2097116
Author(s):  
Jason Gurney ◽  
James Stanley ◽  
Diana Sarfati
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
National Level ◽  
Morbidity Burden ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The burden of chronic disease is not evenly shared within our society. In this manuscript, we use comprehensive national-level data to compare morbidity burden between ethnic groups in New Zealand. Methods: We investigated the prevalence of morbidity among all New Zealanders aged 18+ (n = 3,296,837), stratified by ethnic group (Māori, Pacific, Asian, Middle Eastern/Latin American/African, European/Other), using national-level hospitalisation and pharmaceutical data and two measures of morbidity (the M3 and P3 indices). Results and Conclusions: We observed substantial disparities for Māori and Pacific peoples compared to other ethnic groups for the vast majority of commonly-diagnosed morbidities. These disparities appeared strongest for the most-common conditions – meaning that Māori and Pacific peoples disproportionately shoulder an increased burden of these key conditions. We also observed that prevalence of these conditions emerged at earlier ages, meaning that Māori and Pacific peoples also experience a disproportionate impact of individual conditions on the quality and quantity of life. Finally, we observed strong disparities in the prevalence of conditions that may exacerbate the impact of COVID-19, such as chronic pulmonary, liver or renal disease. The substantial inequities we have presented here have been created and perpetuated by the social determinants of health, including institutionalised racism: thus solutions will require addressing these systemic issues as well as addressing inequities in individual-level care.

The impact of labour productivity on wages in Bulgaria, 2000-2017

SEER ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Lyuboslav Kostov
Keyword(s):  
Econometric Model ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Technological Advance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

In the post-crisis period, the traditional relationship between labour productivity and wages has been called increasingly into question as a result of recent changes in the labour-capital ratio. There is a growing public debate on this issue, but the available literature within Bulgaria has not, up to now, examined the link directly. This article reports the findings of a new study, specifically from the starting point that labour productivity is not a main factor in the dynamics of average wages in Bulgaria in the period 2000-2017. Through an econometric model, the author concludes that the impact of gross value added in terms of the change in average wages in Bulgaria has diminished as a result of the crisis; and that the dynamics of gross value added per employee do not play a decisive role in explaining the dynamics of average wages. The author points to the significance of this finding for future research, adding also that, at a time again of technological advance, innovation is likely to be one factor which further distorts classical understanding of the interdependence of labour productivity and wages.

Social work, contestatory movements and socio-professional struggles in the Iberian Peninsula in the 1970s

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Matos-Silveira ◽  
Pedro Gabriel Silva ◽  
Alcina Martins ◽  
Virgínia Alves Carrara ◽  
Miguel Ángel Oliver Perelló
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

A Revolution in Portugal and a democratic transition in Spain marked the end of the Iberian dictatorships in the 1970s. In this article, the results from research focused on the repercussions of contestatory movements for the social work profession in Portugal and Spain during that decade are presented. The information gathered from literature and oral sources allows perceiving the changes endured by social work in both countries, its professional disputes and the impact of the Latin American Reconceptualisation Movement. Special attention will be devoted to the influence of this social work movement, considering the specific socio-historical contexts of Portugal and Spain, and its particular professional backgrounds.

The Human Right to Water in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-94
Author(s):  
Anna Berti Suman
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Social ◽  
Constitutional Evolution ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis monograph investigates the development of the right to water (RtW) and of water law in the Latin American context. Specifically, it examines the significance of Latin American (la) constitutional evolution, doctrine, and jurisprudential contribution in stimulating the social, political, and economic debate on the RtW, regionally and worldwide. Firstly, an overview on the RtW inlaconstitutions is provided and the impact of the findings is highlighted. The mainlawater management systems are then reviewed with an acknowledgment that an analysis of the RtW has to take account of its application in specific contexts. The intrinsic connection between the RtW and the role of the private sector is examined through specific insights into the highly privatized Chilean water services. Lessons learnt from thelaexperience are outlined in the conclusion and their relevance for the global debate on the RtW is illustrated.

scholarly journals The Freedom of Association Mess: How We Got into It and How We Can Get out of It

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Langille
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Supreme Court Of Canada ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
State Action ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Canadian constitutional law regarding freedom of association for workers is a mess. The jurisprudence to date has taken an approach to state action and positive obligations to legislate which is inconsistent with section 15, and has failed to articulate the relationship between the abstract statement of basic rights or freedoms and the detailed statutes and regulations that instantiate and enforce them. This paper focuses on the impact of the recent decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in BC Health. The author argues that this case misunderstood Canada’s labour law history, international labour law obligations, “Charter values”, and the distinction between “freedoms” and “rights”. This paper argues that by using labour relations statutes as a starting point and applying the constitutional idea of equality, courts can protect freedom of association for workers and find a way out of the mess we are in.

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