scholarly journals INTEGRATIVE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY OF RATS IN GERONTOGENESIS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL HYPERGLYCEMIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Katerina Basysta ◽  
Alexander Rodinskiy ◽  
Ludmila Guz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Central Nervous System Activity ◽  
The Brain

Diabetes mellitus has a major impact on the brain and its cognitive function. The pathogenesis of these disorders is still not well understood. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways of solving these manifestations in hyperglycemia in order to prevent the risk of complications that will lead to a worsening of living conditions.  In the experiment, the state of conditioned-reflex and orientation-research activity of rats of different ages (middle-aged rats and old rats) in conditions of experimental hyperglycemia was found. The animals were kept under standard vivarium conditions. Experimental hyperglycemia was modeled by intraperitoneal solution injection of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg body weight, Sigma). For 10 days, blood glucose was determined using a portable glucometer «Bionime». On day 10, those animals were selected that had a blood glucose value above 28 mmol/L. The analysis of orientation-research and emotional activity was carried out using the «Open Field» technique. The number of squares crossed, the number of lifts on the hind legs, the number of peeking into the burrows, grooming, and the number of bowel movements were recorded. The conditioned passive avoidance technique was used to study the stable and labile phases of memory. In both age groups, the indicators of orientation-research activity differed significantly (p < 0.05). The decrease in the number of squares crossed, the number of racks up and the study of minks was more pronounced in middle-aged animals with diabetes mellitus. The increase in the number of amnesiac animals was also more pronounced in the middle-aged rats of the research group. A decrease in the latency period was noted in both age groups. Thus, it was found that experimental hyperglycemia had pronounced consequences for the cognitive function of animals, respectively, diabetes mellitus has a negative effect on the brain.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus Impairs Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged Rats and Neurological Recovery in Middle-Aged Rats After Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2112-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Michael Chopp ◽  
Yanlu Zhang ◽  
Ye Xiong ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged

scholarly journals Modifiers of cognitive function and brain structure in middle-aged and elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2009 ◽  
Vol 1280 ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Bruehl ◽  
Oliver T. Wolf ◽  
Victoria Sweat ◽  
Aziz Tirsi ◽  
Stephen Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Elderly Individuals

Hypoglycaemia in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
pp. 1849-1861
Author(s):  
Pratik Choudhary ◽  
Stephanie A. Amiel
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Brain

Hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose concentration) is the most important acute complication of the pharmacological treatment of diabetes mellitus. Low blood glucose impairs brain (and, potentially, cardiac) function. The brain has minimal endogenous stores of energy, with small amounts of glycogen in astroglial cells. The brain is therefore largely dependent on circulating glucose as the substrate to fuel cerebral metabolism and support cognitive performance. If blood glucose levels fall sufficiently, cognitive dysfunction is inevitable. In health, efficient glucose sensing and counterregulatory mechanisms exist to prevent clinically significant hypoglycaemia. These are impaired by diabetes and by its therapies. Patients with diabetes rank fear of hypoglycaemia as highly as fear of chronic complications such as nephropathy or retinopathy (1). Fear of hypoglycaemia, hypoglycaemia itself and attempts to avoid hypoglycaemia limit the degree to which glycaemic control can be intensified to reduce the risk of chronic complications of diabetes both for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Cognitive Dysfunction of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Perinatal Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Siriguleng Sana ◽  
Xijin Deng ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
Xunhong Wang ◽  
Enyou Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Perinatal Period

Purpose. To explore whether pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) had cognitive impairment and assess cognitive function in normal pregnant women. Methods. A total of 75 consecutive women diagnosed with GDM (GDM group), 70 normal pregnant women (NP group) without diabetes and matched for age, and 51 female volunteers (CG group) with the similar age level, normal blood glucose, and nonpregnancy were included in the study. For the assessment of cognitive functions, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was performed. Venous blood samples were collected to measure blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), methylglyoxal (MGO), beta amyloid (Aβ), and tau protein. Results. The score of MoCA of GDM was lowest, and the score of the NP group was lower than volunteers ( P < 0.05 ). The incidence of cognitive dysfunction increased significantly in the GDM group with statistical significance ( P < 0.05 ). The levels of tau and MGO in the GDM group were significantly less than those in the NP and CG groups, and Aβ in the GDM group was significantly more than that in the NP and CG groups ( P < 0.05 ), but the differences between NP and CG groups were not statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The pregnant women with GDM showed a significant decline in cognitive function, and the normal pregnant women also showed a decline in cognitive function which is very light.

scholarly journals Sevoflurane and fentanyl exert protective effect on cognitive function in aged rats via regulation of inflammatory response in the brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-965
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Peixiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: To investigate the effects of sevoflurane and fentanyl on cognitive function in aged rats, and to determine the mechanism of action. Methods: A total of 160 adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 40 rats each. With the exception of control, the rats were surgically operated on. Sevoflurane group received sevoflurane (2 %) via inhalation for 2 h/day for 7 days, while the fentanyl group received fentanyl (50 µg/kg body weight) for 1 h via their tail veins for 7 days. The cognitive function of the rats was evaluated by shuttle box and Morris water maze (MWM) tests, while interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were evaluated using ELISA kits. Results: The learning and memory latencies of the rats were significantly prolonged in surgery, with prolongation greater in sevoflurane and fentanyl groups than in control group; however, the latencies were significantly shorter in sevoflurane and fentanyl groups than in surgery group (p < 0.05). The levels of VEGF, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in the surgery, sevoflurane and fentanyl groups than in control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sevoflurane and fentanyl improve cognitive function in aged rats via a mechanism involving the regulation of inflammatory response in the brain.

scholarly journals Association between serum homocysteine level and cognitive function in middle-aged type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0224611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanda Damanik ◽  
Andre Mayza ◽  
Andhika Rachman ◽  
Rani Sauriasari ◽  
Melly Kristanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Serum Homocysteine

scholarly journals The impact of diet-based glycaemic response and glucose regulation on cognition: evidence across the lifespan

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra I. Sünram-Lea ◽  
Lauren Owen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The brain has a high metabolic rate and its metabolism is almost entirely restricted to oxidative utilisation of glucose. These factors emphasise the extreme dependence of neural tissue on a stable and adequate supply of glucose. Whereas initially it was thought that only glucose deprivation (i.e. under hypoglycaemic conditions) can affect brain function, it has become apparent that low-level fluctuations in central availability can affect neural and consequently, cognitive performance. In the present paper the impact of diet-based glycaemic response and glucose regulation on cognitive processes across the lifespan will be reviewed. The data suggest that although an acute rise in blood glucose levels has some short-term improvements of cognitive function, a more stable blood glucose profile, which avoids greater peaks and troughs in circulating glucose is associated with better cognitive function and a lower risk of cognitive impairments in the longer term. Therefore, a habitual diet that secures optimal glucose delivery to the brain in the fed and fasting states should be most advantageous for the maintenance of cognitive function. Although the evidence to date is promising, it is insufficient to allow firm and evidence-based nutritional recommendations. The rise in obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome in recent years highlights the need for targeted dietary and lifestyle strategies to promote healthy lifestyle and brain function across the lifespan and for future generations. Consequently, there is an urgent need for hypothesis-driven, randomised controlled trials that evaluate the role of different glycaemic manipulations on cognition.

Reduced Efficacy of Volatile Anesthetic Preconditioning with Advanced Age in Isolated Rat Myocardium

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Sniecinski ◽  
Hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anesthetic Preconditioning ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Developed Pressure

Background Ischemic preconditioning and anesthetic preconditioning (APC) are reported to decrease myocardial infarct size during ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the beneficial effects of ischemic preconditioning have been shown to decrease with advancing age. Although the mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning and APC are thought to be similar, it is not known whether the beneficial effects of APC are also reduced in the aged myocardium. Methods Male Fischer 344 rats of three age groups (2-4, 10-12, and 20-24 months) were used. Hearts were Langendorff perfused. Six hearts in each age group were pretreated with 10 min of sevoflurane and a 5-min washout before 25 min of ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. Six control hearts in each age group received no treatment before ischemia. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to measure intracellular Na, intracellular Ca, and intracellular pH, respectively. Left ventricular developed pressure, creatine kinase, and infarct size were measured. Results Ischemia decreases intracellular pH and increases intracellular Na and intracellular Ca in all age groups. APC blunts the pH decreases in young adult and middle-aged rats, but not in aged rats. APC decreased intracellular Na and intracellular Ca accumulation during ischemia in young adult and middle-aged hearts. APC improved adenosine triphosphate recovery in young rats but not in aged rats. Creatine kinase and infarct sizes were significantly reduced and left ventricular developed pressure was improved with APC in the young adult and middle-aged groups but not the aged group. Conclusions The benefits of APC are significantly reduced with advanced age in an isolated rat heart model.

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