scholarly journals Sevoflurane and fentanyl exert protective effect on cognitive function in aged rats via regulation of inflammatory response in the brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-965
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Peixiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: To investigate the effects of sevoflurane and fentanyl on cognitive function in aged rats, and to determine the mechanism of action. Methods: A total of 160 adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 40 rats each. With the exception of control, the rats were surgically operated on. Sevoflurane group received sevoflurane (2 %) via inhalation for 2 h/day for 7 days, while the fentanyl group received fentanyl (50 µg/kg body weight) for 1 h via their tail veins for 7 days. The cognitive function of the rats was evaluated by shuttle box and Morris water maze (MWM) tests, while interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were evaluated using ELISA kits. Results: The learning and memory latencies of the rats were significantly prolonged in surgery, with prolongation greater in sevoflurane and fentanyl groups than in control group; however, the latencies were significantly shorter in sevoflurane and fentanyl groups than in surgery group (p < 0.05). The levels of VEGF, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in the surgery, sevoflurane and fentanyl groups than in control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sevoflurane and fentanyl improve cognitive function in aged rats via a mechanism involving the regulation of inflammatory response in the brain.

scholarly journals Enhanced brain angiogenesis in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion after administration of plasmid human vascular endothelial growth factor in combination with indirect vasoreconstructive surgery

2005 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Kusaka ◽  
Kenji Sugiu ◽  
Koji Tokunaga ◽  
Atsushi Katsumata ◽  
Ayumi Nishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Angiogenesis ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a secreted mitogen associated with angiogenesis. The conceptual basis for therapeutic angiogenesis after plasmid human VEGF gene (phVEGF) transfer has been established in patients presenting with limb ischemia and myocardial infarction. The authors hypothesized that overexpression of VEGF using a gene transfer method combined with indirect vasoreconstruction might induce effective brain angiogenesis in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, leading to prevention of ischemic attacks. Methods. A chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model induced by permanent ligation of both common carotid arteries in rats was used in this investigation. Seven days after induction of cerebral hypoperfusion, encephalomyosynangiosis (EMS) and phVEGF administration in the temporal muscle were performed. Fourteen days after treatment, the VEGF gene therapy group displayed numbers and areas of capillary vessels in temporal muscles that were 2.2 and 2.5 times greater, respectively, in comparison with the control group. In the brain, the number and area of capillary vessels in the group treated with the VEGF gene were 1.5 and 1.8 times greater, respectively, relative to the control group. Conclusions. In rat models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, administration of phVEGF combined with indirect vasoreconstructive surgery significantly increased capillary density in the brain. The authors' results indicate that administration of phVEGF may be an effective therapy in patients with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, such as those with moyamoya disease.

scholarly journals Floroindole confers protection against cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis via inhibition of NF-kB p65 phosphorylation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Zhou ◽  
Xiang Ren ◽  
Aiping Li ◽  
Wensheng Zhou ◽  
Li Huang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cecal Ligation And Puncture ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Factor Α

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of floroindole against cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)- induced sepsis, as well as the underlying mechanism of action. Methods: Thirty-five 10–week-old male Wistar rats weighing 190 - 210 g (mean: 200.00 ± 10.10 g) were used for this study. The rats were randomly assigned to seven groups of five rats each, viz, normal control group, and six CLP groups. The CLP groups were those subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The first 5 CLP groups received 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 mg/kg floroindole, respectively, 1 h after CLP, via intraperitoneal route (i.p.) while the 6th CLP group served as untreated control. Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used for the assessment of the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), interleukn-6 (IL-6), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) and p-NF-κB p65. Results: Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) significantly and time-dependently upregulated the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NOD2 in intestinal tissues of rats (p < 0.05). However, treatment with floroindole significantly, and dose-dependently down-regulated CLP-induced expressions of these proteins (p < 0.05). Treatment of rats with floroindole also significantly and dose-dependently inhibited CLP-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in rat ileum (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results obtained in this study demonstrate that floroindole confers some degree of protection against CLP-induced sepsis via inhibition of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation.

Erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor level in normoxia and in cerebral ischemia under pharmacological and hypoxic preconditioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
V.E. Novikov ◽  
O.S. Levchenkova
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Tissues

The level of erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) was investigated in blood serum and brain of Wistar rats by the enzyme immunoassay with specific rat antibodies. These growth factors are actively studied as biomarkers of ischemia or cytoprotection, as well as targets for agents initiating preconditioning (PreC). Pharmacological (amtizol administration), hypoxic (hypobaric hypoxia), and combined PreC (amtizol+hypobaric hypoxia) were used as neuroprotective approaches in this experimental work. In normoxia groups blood and brain tissue were collected 1 h (early period) or 48 h (delayed period) after the PreC. In addition we studied groups of animals with cerebral ischemia (induced by bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries) 1 h and 48 h after the combined PreC: the levels of EPO and VEGF-A in the blood serum and the brain supernatant were determined in one day after the ligation. Experiments have shown that amtizol (3,5-diamino-1,2,4-thiadiazole) in normoxia increased the EPO level in the brain, and did not change EPO in blood serum and VEGF-A levels in both serum and the brain. A three-day (60 min exposure with 48 h intervals) hypobaric hypoxia (410 mm Hg) increased EPO and VEGF-A in the blood serum and brain tissues, but in most experimental groups differences did not reach the level of statistical significance versus intact control. The combined PreC was accompanied by a significant increase of EPO and VEGF-A in normoxia conditions both in early and delayed period of PreC. In cerebral ischemia the EPO level in the blood serum and brain tissues was higher than in intact control. The serum level of VEGF-A of the ischemia control group tended to increase while the brain level of VEGF-A remained basically unchanged versus the intact control group. In combined PreC before ischemia, the EPO level was lower in serum as compared with the ischemia control in the delayed PreC period, but did not differ significantly from the ischemia control in serum in early period and in brain tissues in both PreC periods. The VEGF-A level in the groups of combined PreC was significantly lower in serum as compared with the ischemia control in both the early and delayed PreC; in brain tissues it did not differ from the level of both the intact and ishemia control in early PreC period and was higher than in both control groups in the delayed PreC period.

scholarly journals Modulation of Adhesion Process, E-Selectin and VEGF Production by Anthocyanins and Their Metabolites in an In Vitro Model of Atherosclerosis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Marino ◽  
Cristian Del Bo’ ◽  
Massimiliano Tucci ◽  
Dorothy Klimis-Zacas ◽  
Patrizia Riso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Adhesion Process ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The present study aims to evaluate the ability of peonidin and petunidin-3-glucoside (Peo-3-glc and Pet-3-glc) and their metabolites (vanillic acid; VA and methyl-gallic acid; MetGA), to prevent monocyte (THP-1) adhesion to endothelial cells (HUVECs), and to reduce the production of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, E-selectin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a stimulated pro-inflammatory environment, a pivotal step of atherogenesis. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; 100 ng mL−1) was used to stimulate the adhesion of labelled monocytes (THP-1) to endothelial cells (HUVECs). Successively, different concentrations of Peo-3-glc and Pet-3-glc (0.02 µM, 0.2 µM, 2 µM and 20 µM), VA and MetGA (0.05 µM, 0.5 µM, 5 µM and 50 µM) were tested. After 24 h, VCAM-1, E-selectin and VEGF were quantified by ELISA, while the adhesion process was measured spectrophotometrically. Peo-3-glc and Pet-3-glc (from 0.02 µM to 20 µM) significantly (p < 0.0001) decreased THP-1 adhesion to HUVECs at all concentrations (−37%, −24%, −30% and −47% for Peo-3-glc; −37%, −33%, −33% and −45% for Pet-3-glc). VA, but not MetGA, reduced the adhesion process at 50 µM (−21%; p < 0.001). At the same concentrations, a significant (p < 0.0001) reduction of E-selectin, but not VCAM-1, was documented. In addition, anthocyanins and their metabolites significantly decreased (p < 0.001) VEGF production. The present findings suggest that while Peo-3-glc and Pet-3-glc (but not their metabolites) reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells through suppression of E-selectin production, VEGF production was reduced by both anthocyanins and their metabolites, suggesting a role in the regulation of angiogenesis.

scholarly journals Role of 4-Hexylresorcinol in the Field of Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jwa-Young Kim ◽  
Hyun Seok
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Phenolic Lipids ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR), as a derivative of phenolic lipids, has biological and pharmacological properties that are beneficial when used with a biomaterial. It has antimicrobial and antiseptic activity and can thus prevent contamination and infection of biomaterials. 4-HR suppresses the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway related to osteoclast differentiation. The suppression of NF-κB increases the bone formation marker and contributes to new bone formation. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and suppressed by 4-HR. Suppression of TNF-α decreases osteoclast activity and promotes wound healing. 4-HR increases the vascular endothelial growth factor and has an anti-thrombotic effect. When incorporated into silk vascular patches, it promotes endothelium wound healing. Recently, 4-HR has exhibited biological properties and has been successfully incorporated into various biomaterials. Consequently, it is a useful pharmacological chemical that can be used with biomaterials in the field of tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Epileptic Behavior and mRNA Expressions of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Brain of Aged Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossain Soleimani ◽  
Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani ◽  
Zainab Hafizi-Barjin ◽  
Mansour Esmaeilidehaj ◽  
Fatemeh Zaremehrjerdi
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Tonic Clonic Seizure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Bdnf Gene ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chlorogenic acid (CA) and Diazepam (DZP) on epileptic complication that induced by repetitive intra-peritoneal injections of pentylenetetrazle (PTZ) in aged rats. Methods: Twenty-four month-old male Wistar rats (age > 12 months, 300-350 g) were divided in 4 experimental groups. Animal in control group (PTZ + Vehicle) received only PTZ. Animal in treated groups (PTZ + DZP, PTZ + CA10 and PTZ + 25) received diazepam 2 mg/kg, CA 10 mg/kg, or CA 25 mg/kg. All drugs injection were performed  30 min prior to each PTZ injection. Epilepsy was induced by injection of subconvulsive dose of PTZ every other day until the rats were completely kindled or epileptic. After each PTZ injection, animal was monitored for 40 min and epileptic behaviors were scored. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed and the brains removed for evaluation of histological changes and Brain Derived Neurothrophic Factor (BDNF) gene expression. Results: CA at dose of 25 mg/kg reduced percent of generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) in aged rats (24%) in compared to control group (50%) (p < 0.05). The latencies to the start of GTCS were decreased in both dose of CA (p < 0.05). Also, the percent of survived neurons in rats treated with CA (154%) were significantly higher relative to that of control animals (100%) (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of BDNF significantly increased in CA treated rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Hence, these findings revealed that CA have antiepileptic, neuroprotective and trophic effects in aged rats. CA can protect aged brain from deteriorative processes and save neurons during epilepsy in rats.

Impact of buprenorphine on learning and memory ability, oxidative status and inflammation in the hippocampus of rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Samini ◽  
Tahereh Farkhondeh ◽  
Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Synthetic Derivative ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Factor Α

Aims: This study was designed to investigate the effects of low and high doses of BUP on oxidative and inflammatory indices in the hippocampus and learning and memory behavior in an animal model. Background: Buprenorphine (BUP) a “synthetic derivative of the opioid alkaloid thebaine” may be associated with cellular damage in the central nervous system. Objective: The association between BUP administration and oxidative and inflammatory damage and also learning and memory impairment is not clear. Method: For this reason, twenty four male Wistar rats were randomly allocated in to one control and two BUP-treated groups (0.3 and 1 mg/kg, SC), (n=8, for each group). After 4 weeks, learning and memory abilities were assessed by using Y-maze test. Then, oxidative stress indices including glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were assessed in the serum and hippocampus of each animal by using spectrophotometer. Inflammatory parameters such tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were also measured in the serum and hippocampus of rats by using ELISA. Results: The present findings indicated that the memory and learning time was lengthened in BUP (1mg/kg)-treated rats versus control animals (p<0.05). Additionally, it was observed that BUP (1 mg/kg) significantly increased the serum and hippocampal levels of MDA and TNF-α and also decreased GSH levels versus the control group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The present results reveal that BUP may cause learning and memory dysfunction via inducing oxidative stress and inflammation in hippocampus.

scholarly journals GUM FLUID BIOMARKERS IN PERSONALIZED DIAGNOSTICS OF INFLA MMATOR Y PERIODONTAL DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Larisa Ostrovskaya ◽  
Oleg Eremin ◽  
Natalia Zakharova ◽  
Lilia Katkhanova ◽  
Artem Parfenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group A ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

Aim of the study: To evaluate the diagnostic value of crevicular fluid immunoregulatory biomarkers in cases with inflammatory periodontal diseases. The study included a total of 97 patients aged 21 to 55 years with inflammatory periodontal disease (gingivitis — 22 patients; mild periodontitis — 31 patients; moderate periodontitis — 19) as well as 25 persons with healthy periodontium (the control group). A conventionally accepted clinical and instrumental examination revealed that all the patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases featured the most typical signs of periodontal issues: in the crevicular fluid — an increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α), a decreased level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1RA, and an increased concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). A ROC analysis showed that the increased content of VEGF, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6 in the crevicular fluid is of a high diagnostic value in terms of detecting initial inflammation in the gum tissues, whereas the biomarkers pointing at periodontal destructive changes included high levels of VEGF, TNF-α and chemokines.

scholarly journals Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Cognitive Function after Splenectomy in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yong Guo ◽  
Feng Ping ◽  
Yongmei Cao ◽  
Jiawei Shang ◽  
Junfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Tnf Α

Background. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication after abdominal surgery. Several studies have reported that POCD is related to neuroinflammation caused by surgery. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can effectively inhibit the systematic inflammatory response. So, we use fish oil to study the effect of fish oil on inflammation, immunity, and cognitive behavior after splenectomy in rats. Methods. 60 SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were randomly divided into control group (group C, n = 20 ), surgery group (group S, n = 20 ), and omega-3 (fish oil) intervention group (group F, n = 20 ). Omega-3 PUFA was injected intraperitoneally from 3 days before operation to 7 days after operation in group F, and normal saline was injected simultaneously in group S. Rats in group S and group F received splenectomy under general anesthesia. Morris water maze behavioral evaluation was performed on the first, third, fifth, and seventh day after operation. The levels of IL-1β (interleukin-1β), IL-6 (interleukin-6), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase) were detected. Results. Serums IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations in group S and group F were higher than those in group C ( P < 0.01 ), while those inflammatory cytokines in group F were significantly lower than those in group S ( P < 0.01 ); serum GSH-PX levels in group F were higher than group S ( P < 0.01 ). The Morris water maze behavior test performance of group F was better than that of group S ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Omega-3 PUFA can effectively improve postoperative inflammatory response, reduce the damage of antioxidant defense system, and improve postoperative cognitive function.

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