scholarly journals Спектрально-люминесцентные свойства Yb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- в растворах SO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Cl-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--GaCl-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--Yb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 1484
Author(s):  
Е.А. Серегина ◽  
А.А. Серегин ◽  
Г.В. Тихонов
Keyword(s):  
Active Medium ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Spectral Dependence ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Stark Splitting ◽  
Diode Pumped ◽  
Measured Information

The spectra of absorption, luminescence, and lifetime of Yb3+ in SO2Cl2 – GaCl3 – Yb3+ solutions were measured. Information is obtained on the Stark splitting of energy levels, absorption and stimulated emission cross sections of Yb3+. An analysis of the spectral dependence of the gain cross sections indicates that the SOCl2 – GaCl3 – Yb3 solution is promising as the active medium of a diode-pumped liquid ytterbium laser.

scholarly journals Спектрально-люминесцентные свойства Yb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- в SOCl-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--GaCl-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (10) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Е.А. Серёгина ◽  
А.А. Серёгин ◽  
Г.В. Тихонов
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Diode Pumping ◽  
Absorption Cross ◽  
Stark Splitting ◽  
Measured Information

The absorption, luminescence, and luminescent lifetimes of the excited state of Yb3+ in SOCl2 – GaCl3 – Yb3+ solutions were measured. Information was obtained on the Stark splitting of energy levels, absorption cross sections, and stimulated emission of Yb3+ in SOCl2 – GaCl3 – Yb3+. The possibility of creating a ytterbium laser based on inorganic liquid SOCl2 – GaCl3 – Yb3+ with diode pumping was considered.

UV-Visible Lasers Based on Rare-Earth Ions

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Moncorgé ◽  
L.D. Merkle ◽  
B. Zandi
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Rare Earth Ions ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Laser Materials ◽  
Visible Wavelengths

An issue on novel applications of materials doped with rare-earth (RE) ions can scarcely fail to address lasers, but it need not address all RE-based lasers. Some Nd3+ -doped lasers, particularly Nd:YAG (Y3Al5O12, yttrium aluminum garnet), emitting light with a wavelength of 1064 nm, are very well-established commercial products—by no means novelties.1 Some other near-infrared (NIR) lasers, based on Er3+ or Tm3+, are also available commercially. That wavelength region is relatively easy for RE laser ions, involving energy spacings between initial and final energy levels small enough to give large stimulated emission cross sections for useful, long upper-state life-times, yet large enough to minimize thermal deexcitation mechanisms. On the other hand, RE-doped lasers for ultraviolet (UV) and visible wavelengths are quite novel, since efficient laser operation is more difficult to achieve in these spectral ranges. Intriguing progress on such devices has been made in recent years, driven by several important applications.In this article, we begin by noting some of the alternative ways to obtain laser light at these wavelengths, including their advantages and drawbacks. We then discuss basic properties of RE-doped laser materials and how these can be advantageous. We then review a few of the most important and recent RE-doped laser materials and techniques for obtaining UV and visible output.

scholarly journals Temperature-Dependent Stimulated Emission Cross-Section in Nd3+:YLF Crystal

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Giorgio Turri ◽  
Scott Webster ◽  
Michael Bass ◽  
Alessandra Toncelli
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Radiative Decay ◽  
Emission Cross Section ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Stimulated Emission Cross Section ◽  
Semi Empirical

Spectroscopic properties of neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride were measured at different temperatures from 35 K to 350 K in specimens with 1 at% Nd3+ concentration. The absorption spectrum was measured at room temperature from 400 to 900 nm. The decay dynamics of the 4F3/2 multiplet was investigated by measuring the fluorescence lifetime as a function of the sample temperature, and the radiative decay time was derived by extrapolation to 0 K. The stimulated-emission cross-sections of the transitions from the 4F3/2 to the 4I9/2, 4I11/2, and 4I13/2 levels were obtained from the fluorescence spectrum measured at different temperatures, using the Aull–Jenssen technique. The results show consistency with most results previously published at room temperature, extending them over a broader range of temperatures. A semi-empirical formula for the magnitude of the stimulated-emission cross-section as a function of temperature in the 250 K to 350 K temperature range, is presented for the most intense transitions to the 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 levels.

The KATP channel Kir6.2 subunit content is higher in glycolytic than oxidative skeletal muscle fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (4) ◽  
pp. R916-R925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Banas ◽  
Charlene Clow ◽  
Bernard J. Jasmin ◽  
Jean-Marc Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Damage ◽  
The Individual

It has long been suggested that in skeletal muscle, the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) channel is important in protecting energy levels and that abolishing its activity causes fiber damage and severely impairs function. The responses to a lack of KATP channel activity vary between muscles and fibers, with the severity of the impairment being the highest in the most glycolytic muscle fibers. Furthermore, glycolytic muscle fibers are also expected to face metabolic stress more often than oxidative ones. The objective of this study was to determine whether the t-tubular KATP channel content differs between muscles and fiber types. KATP channel content was estimated using a semiquantitative immunofluorescence approach by staining cross sections from soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles with anti-Kir6.2 antibody. Fiber types were determined using serial cross sections stained with specific antimyosin I, IIA, IIB, and IIX antibodies. Changes in Kir6.2 content were compared with changes in CaV1.1 content, as this Ca2+ channel is responsible for triggering Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. The Kir6.2 content was the lowest in the oxidative soleus and the highest in the glycolytic EDL and FDB. At the individual fiber level, the Kir6.2 content within a muscle was in the order of type IIB > IIX > IIA ≥ I. Interestingly, the Kir6.2 content for a given fiber type was significantly different between soleus, EDL, and FDB, and highest in FDB. Correlations of relative fluorescence intensities from the Kir6.2 and CaV1.1 antibodies were significant for all three muscles. However, the variability in content between the three muscles or individual fibers was much greater for Kir6.2 than for CaV1.1. It is suggested that the t-tubular KATP channel content increases as the glycolytic capacity increases and as the oxidative capacity decreases and that the expression of KATP channels may be linked to how often muscles/fibers face metabolic stress.

Stimulated electromagnetic shock radiation (SESR) in frequency-dispersive media

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (17) ◽  
pp. 1499-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schneider ◽  
R. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Dispersive Media ◽  
Electron Trajectory ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Electromagnetic Shock ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Shock Frequency ◽  
Shock Fronts

The interaction in a frequency-dispersive medium of a coherent electromagnetic wave with an electron moving faster than a critical (Mach) speed produces electromagnetic radiation with novel characteristics. Theory predicts emission of intense radiation in the form of shock fronts at specific angles from the electron trajectory. The shock fronts are correlated with specific frequencies shifted significantly from that of the incident wave. We have named this effect stimulated electromagnetic shock radiation (SESR). The shock frequencies depend dynamically on the populations of the energy levels that give rise to the medium resonances. A given shock frequency changes from below to above the resonance frequency of the medium with which it is associated as the populations of the two energy levels corresponding to this resonance frequency change from an equilibrium distribution to an inverted one. This dynamic resonance crossing points to the possibility of new synergisms between SESR emission and stimulated emission between discrete levels.

Stimulated-emission cross sections of the ^5F_1–^5I_5 and ^5F_1–^5I_6 transitions of Pm^3+ in a phosphate glass

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Beach ◽  
S. Weinzapfel ◽  
R. Staver ◽  
R. Solarz ◽  
M. Shinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Glass ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Stimulated Emission

scholarly journals Polarized spectroscopy of electric and magnetic dipole transitions of Europium (III) ions in C2 sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012175
Author(s):  
A Volokitina ◽  
P Loiko ◽  
E Dunina ◽  
A Kornienko ◽  
J M Serres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Laser Operation ◽  
Polarization Anisotropy ◽  
Selection Rules ◽  
Polarized Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Symmetry ◽  
Tungstate Crystal

Abstract Polarization anisotropy of luminescent properties of europium (III) ions in low-symmetry C2 sites is studied using monoclinic (sp. gr. C2/c) tungstate crystal KY(WO4)2. The 5D0 → 7FJ (where J = 0…6) transitions are characterized for the principal light polarizations. Polarization selection rules for the magnetic dipole 5D0 → 7F1 transition are presented. The stimulated-emission cross-sections for Eu3+ ions relevant for laser operation are determined.

scholarly journals Влияние одноосной деформации в направлении [110] на релаксацию состояний мелких доноров мышьяка в германии

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
В.В. Цыпленков ◽  
В.Н. Шастин
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Optical Excitation ◽  
Uniaxial Stress ◽  
Shallow Donor ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
Emission Frequency ◽  
Donor States ◽  
Uniaxial Compressive Stress ◽  
Intracenter Transitions

Analysis of acoustical phonon assisted relaxation rates of arsenic donor states has been carried out in depends on uniaxial compressive stress of crystal along [110] direction under low temperature (< 10 K). As shown, under optical excitation the inversion population of donor energy levels is formed that depends on deformation of crystal. This give grounds to suppose that stimulated emission on arsenic shallow donor intracenter transitions in THz range is possible under optical excitation. As shown, uniaxial stress along [110] direction can result to switch laser transition and stimulated emission frequency

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