scholarly journals Analysis of the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia and acute otitis media in children during the first four years of life in different age groups vaccinated with pneumococcal 13-valent vaccine Prevenar

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
S. A. Pyrkova ◽  
L. P. Voronina ◽  
M. E. Kuzin ◽  
V. V. Cherepova ◽  
E. A. Polunina
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
High Level ◽  
Disease Analysis ◽  
Vaccination Period

Objective: to analyze the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia and acute otitis media in children during the first four years of life in different age groups vaccinated with pneumococcal 13-valent vaccine Prevenar.Materials and methods: medical records of 590 children aged 1 to 5 years were analyzed. All subjects were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of vaccinated children (n = 490), born in 2014, and vaccinated against pneumococcal 13-valent vaccine Prevenar. The second group consisted of unvaccinated children (n = 100) born in 2013 and not vaccinated. Each group was divided into subgroups depending on the age period (1—2 years, 2—3 years, 3—4 years, 4—5 years).Results: it is established that the conduct of specific prophylaxis of pneumococcal infection vaccine Prevenar-13 in children during the first 4 years of life effectively reduces the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (in 7,6 times) and acute otitis media (in 8,5 times). The effectiveness of the vaccine was observed in all age groups. In cases of development of an inoculated child acute otitis reduces the risk of severe forms and complications of the disease. Analysis of the course of the post-vaccination period indicates a high level of safety and good tolerability of the vaccine.Conclusion: Implementation of specific prophylaxis of pneumococcal 13-valent vaccine Prevenar in children during the first four years of life according to the calendar of vaccination effectively reduces the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (87 %) and acute otitis media (42,8 %) in all age subgroups. In cases of development of an inoculated child acute otitis reduces the risk of severe forms and complications of the disease. Analysis of the course of the post-vaccination period indicates a high level of safety and good tolerability of the vaccine.

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VACCINATION OF CHILDREN AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION IN THE AMUR REGION

2016 ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Chuchalin ◽  
G. G. Onischenko ◽  
V. P. Kolosov ◽  
O. P. Kurganova ◽  
N. L. Tezikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
High Level

Aim. To study the effectiveness of anti-pneumococcal vaccination of children in the organization of anti-epidemic measures in the areas of the flood in the Amur region. Material and methods. The monitoring program included 4988 children aged 2 to 5 years who have risk factors for pneumococcal infection. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevenar-13 was used for immunization. Data on the incidence of child with acute respiratory infection, acute otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis during the post-vaccination period were taken into account. To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination we used indicators and specific criteria (coefficient prophylactic vaccination and infection index). Results. The level of total morbidity of children in post-immunization period decreased by 13.6%; the number of cases of pneumonia in the population of observed children decreased by 2.3 times; the total duration of the illness in children decreased by 14.6%, the number of courses of antibiotic therapy was reduced by 21.3%, the number of hospital admissions of children- 38.4%, the number of days of temporary disability of parents - 11.1%. Direct dependence of the degree of effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal disease by the age of children is determined. Conclusion. The findings suggest that implementation of the program of clinical and epidemiological monitoring and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia with use of a vaccine against pneumococcal infections in the territory of the Amur Region has a high level of medical and socio-economic efficiency.

scholarly journals The Results of a Three-Year Pneumococcal Vaccination of Children in Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay I. Briko ◽  
Vladimir A. Korshunov ◽  
Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
Juriy V. Lobzin ◽  
Alexander A. Baranov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccination ◽  
The Russian Federation

Background.After inclusion of pneumococcal vaccination in the National Vaccination Schedule, it is very important to evaluate the efficacy of routine immunisation of the child population for more than 3 years. The obtained results provide opportunity to analyse the problems in achieving the goal, determine their causes, and suggest the ways of overcoming. Our aim was to study the results of a three-year period of pneumococcal vaccination of children.Methods.The quality of immunoprophylaxis of pneumococcal infection in the territory of the Russian Federation were assessed by analysing the coverage of vaccination and timeliness of its conduct after the inclusion of pneumococcal vaccine in the National Vaccination Schedule. The actual epidemiological efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination was assessed based on morbidity and mortality due to community-acquired pneumonia, incidence of acute otitis media among children. By questioning parents (n = 352) who applied to the Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health ‘National Medical Research Centre for Children’s Health, the timeliness of pneumococcal vaccination for infants was established.Results.In most regions, a high level of pneumococcal vaccination coverage was reached (87% of children). Despite the fact that the majority of children (73%) were vaccinated untimely. In particular, the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in the Moscow vaccination centre indicate insufficient awareness of parents for the need to vaccinate infants against pneumococcal infection by primary care professionals and, as a consequence, a low level of timely initiated vaccine introduction (40.1%). The introduction of routine prophylactic pneumococcal vaccination in Russia resulted in a 35% reduction in the death rate of children from community-acquired pneumonia, led to a decrease in the incidence of acute otitis media.Conclusion.The introduction of routine prophylactic vaccination of children against Streptococcus pneumoniae helps to reduce morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal infections. The surveillance system for community-acquired pneumonia requires further improvement. It is advisable to conduct an additional analysis on the reasons for refusals and medical exemptions to vaccination. It is important to increase the professional level of paediatricians in prophylactic vaccination.

scholarly journals The prevalence of circulating S. pneumoniae serotypes in people older than 18 years: healthy carriers, patients with acute otitis media, community-acquired pneumonia, and invasive pneumococcal infections (epidemiological study «SPECTRUM»)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Muravyev ◽  
Aida N. Chagaryan ◽  
Nataly V. Ivanchik ◽  
Anastasia A. Kurkova ◽  
I.A. Tsvetkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Healthy Carriers

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of S. pneumoniae serotypes in adults aged of 18 years and older, including healthy carriers and patients with acute otitis media (AOM), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal infection (IPI). Materials and Methods. A total of 230 isolates of S. pneumoniae from 10 centers were included in the study from 01.06.2019 to 01.10.2019. Re-identification and typing using real-time PCR with 22 primer pairs were performed in the central laboratory (Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Russia). Results. In healthy nasopharyngeal carriers (n = 31), the following serotypes of S. pneumoniae were detected: 19F (29.0%), 6А/В (22.6%), 3 (16.1%), 11A/D and 23F (9.7% each), 23A (6.4%), 14 and 15A/F (3.2% each); PCV-13 and PPV-23 covered 80.6% and 90.3% of those serotypes, respectively. In patients with AOM (n = 18), serotypes were: 3 (16.7%), 11A/D and 6A/B (11.1%, each), 16, 19А, 19F, 23F, 7A/F (5.55%, each); PCV-13 and PPV-23 covered 50% and 61.1% of those serotypes, respectively. Among 166 isolates from patients with CAP, the following serotypes were detected: 3 (12.0%), 19F and 6A/B (10.2%, each), 14 and 11A/D (5.4% each), 15A/F and 23A (4.8% each), 9N/L (4.2%), 18 and 22A/F (2.4% each), 19A and 23F (1.8% each), 16, 9V/A (1.2% each), 4 and 33A/33F/37 (0.6% each), non-vaccine serotypes (30.3%); PCV-13 and PPV-23 covered 45.6% and 57.0% of those serotypes, respectively. Isolates from patients with IPI (n=15) belonged to the following serotypes: 3 (26.7%), 12F, 23F and 9N/L (13.3% each), serotypes 4 and 15A/F (6.7%), non-vaccine serotype – 1 isolate (6.7%); PCV-13 and PPV-23 covered 46.7% and 73.3% of those serotypes, respectively. Conclusions. The majority of S. pneumoniae serotypes in adult population in Russia are included in PPV-23, but not in PCV-13 (primarily due to serotype 11A/D). There was a high PCV-13 and PPV-23 coverage of serotypes from healthy nasopharyngeal carriers. PPV-23 covered more than 60% of clinical isolates, whereas PCV-13 covered less than 60% (AOM – 50.0%, CAP – 45.6%, IPI – 46.7%), thus indicating a potentially lower efficacy of PCV-13 in adult population.

scholarly journals Particular matter influences the incidence of acute otitis media in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Park ◽  
Jiyeon Han ◽  
Jiwon Park ◽  
Myoung-jin Jang ◽  
Moo Kyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Claim Data ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) is the main component of air pollution. Children are vulnerable to PM and acute otitis media (AOM), which is one of the most common diseases in children. However, studies on the relationship between AOM in children and PM are rare and their results are inconsistent. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of PM on AOM in children on the basis of the Korea National Health Insurance service (NHIS) claims data. NHIS claim data from 2008 to 2015 was used to identify outpatient visits, antibiotic use to treat AOM, and demographic data. This data was combined with the data on PM2.5 (≤ 2.5 μm) and PM10 (≤ 10 μm according to its aerodynamic diameter) level extracted from air pollution data from Korean National Institute of Environmental Research for 16 administrative regions. The children with AOM were divided into three age groups (< 2, 2–4, 5–10 years). Generalized linear Poisson regression model was used to estimate the association between AOM and PM using daily counts of AOM and daily mean PM concentrations. It was adjusted to temperature, wind, humidity, season, year, age, and region. With an increase in PM2.5 of 10 μg/m3, the relative risk of OM increased by 4.5% in children under 2 years of age. The effect of PM2.5 was strongest influence on the day of exposure. The exposure to PM10 was related to the incidence of AOM on the day of exposure and the following seven days in all three age groups. The PM concentrations did not strongly affect either AOM duration or the use of antibiotics to cure AOM. The RR in the each lag day after exposure to PM10 was diverse according to the age groups. Regardless of PM size and children’s age, the PM levels are positively related to the incidence of AOM. Both PM2.5 and PM10 have the most adverse effects on children under 2 years of age and on the day of exposure.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Antibiotic Prescribing in Children with Otitis Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina T. Ryborg ◽  
Jens Søndergaard ◽  
Jørgen Lous ◽  
Anders Munck ◽  
Pia V. Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Factors Associated

Background. Acute otitis media (AOM) is often treated with antibiotics. However, initial observation is recommended. Denmark has a low use of antibiotics compared with other countries, but the total use of antibiotics has increased by 32% during the last decade, and it is important to know whether general practitioners (GPs) prescribe antibiotics according to guidelines. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyse associations between GPs' antibiotic prescribing for AOM and symptoms, diagnoses, and characteristics of children. Methods. A cohort study where GPs consecutively included 954 children between 0 and 7 years old with a new ear symptom was carried out. The GPs registered symptoms, results of otoscopy and tympanometry, together with diagnosis and treatment. Results. Fever with and without earache was statistically associated with prescribing antibiotics, and it applies to both children up to two years of age (OR: 5.89 (confidence interval (CI): 2.62–13.21) and OR: 8.13 (CI: 4.61–14.32)) and children older than two years of age (OR: 4.59 (CI: 2.55–8.25) and OR: 19.45 (CI: 6.38–59.24)). A red tympanic membrane was statistically associated with the prescribing antibiotics in both age groups (0–2 years: OR: 4.73 (CI: 2.52–8.86) and >2–7 years: OR: 3.76 (CI: 2.13–6.64)). A flat tympanometry curve was only statistically associated with prescribing antibiotics in the oldest children (OR: 2.42 (CI: 1.17–5.00)). Conclusion. This study indicates that GPs to a large degree prescribe antibiotics appropriately according to guidelines.

scholarly journals Convulsive syndrome in the post-vaccination period: is there a connection with the vaccine?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
E. P. Nacharova ◽  
S. M. Kharit ◽  
A. A. Ruleva
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vaccination Period

The article describes the characteristics and classification of adverse events after immunization (AEFI) according to the latest WHO recommendations. The registration systems for AEFI in the USA and in Russia are described. Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of the convulsive syndrome that developed after vaccination. Four clinical cases of the development of convulsive syndrome in children hospitalized at the Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of Russia (St. Petersburg) in the postvaccination period are presented. The criteria for differential diagnosis of the described diseases are indicated. Only a search for the etiology of the disease allows us to assess the relationship with vaccination, timely conduct adequate therapy and generate objective information on the safety of vaccines. There is a need to register all episodes of seizures after vaccination and introduce new methods for registering PPI, as well as creating a system of statistical accounting of background health conditions (convulsions, allergies) of the population of the Russian Federation of various age groups.

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