scholarly journals Particular matter influences the incidence of acute otitis media in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Park ◽  
Jiyeon Han ◽  
Jiwon Park ◽  
Myoung-jin Jang ◽  
Moo Kyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Claim Data ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) is the main component of air pollution. Children are vulnerable to PM and acute otitis media (AOM), which is one of the most common diseases in children. However, studies on the relationship between AOM in children and PM are rare and their results are inconsistent. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of PM on AOM in children on the basis of the Korea National Health Insurance service (NHIS) claims data. NHIS claim data from 2008 to 2015 was used to identify outpatient visits, antibiotic use to treat AOM, and demographic data. This data was combined with the data on PM2.5 (≤ 2.5 μm) and PM10 (≤ 10 μm according to its aerodynamic diameter) level extracted from air pollution data from Korean National Institute of Environmental Research for 16 administrative regions. The children with AOM were divided into three age groups (< 2, 2–4, 5–10 years). Generalized linear Poisson regression model was used to estimate the association between AOM and PM using daily counts of AOM and daily mean PM concentrations. It was adjusted to temperature, wind, humidity, season, year, age, and region. With an increase in PM2.5 of 10 μg/m3, the relative risk of OM increased by 4.5% in children under 2 years of age. The effect of PM2.5 was strongest influence on the day of exposure. The exposure to PM10 was related to the incidence of AOM on the day of exposure and the following seven days in all three age groups. The PM concentrations did not strongly affect either AOM duration or the use of antibiotics to cure AOM. The RR in the each lag day after exposure to PM10 was diverse according to the age groups. Regardless of PM size and children’s age, the PM levels are positively related to the incidence of AOM. Both PM2.5 and PM10 have the most adverse effects on children under 2 years of age and on the day of exposure.

scholarly journals Artrite Reumatoide e a Poluição do Ar

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Dayane Dos Santos Souza Magalhães ◽  
Leticia Rosa Espírito Santo de Freitas ◽  
Maria Amélia Dos Santos Peres Santos Souza ◽  
Vander Fernandes ◽  
Walkiria Shimoya-Bittencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
World Population ◽  
Artrite Reumatoide ◽  
The Relationship

A artrite reumatoide é uma doença inflamatória, crônica, autoimune, sistêmica e progressiva com etiologia ainda desconhecida, que causa danos progressivos ao sistema musculoesquelético. Esta doença atinge aproximadamente 0,5% a 1% da população mundial, predomina no sexo feminino e acomete todas as faixas etárias com maior prevalência entre 40-60 anos. A atividade da doença é avaliada pelo Índice de Atividade da Doença (DAS28) analisando 28 articulações. Estudos demonstram que a poluição atmosférica está associada aos agravos à saúde humana e à perda de qualidade de vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo relatar o papel da poluição atmosférica na artrite reumatoide, através de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, a partir das bases de dados PubMed e Scielo. Incluíram-se artigos nos idiomas inglês e português publicados em periódicos, nacionais e internacionais, acerca da temática da pesquisa. A relação entre o desenvolvimento da AR e diferentes poluentes atmosféricos foi analisada em diversos estudos, que demostraram associação entre diferentes poluentes atmosféricos e o desenvolvimento da doença, no entanto, nenhum estudo publicado até a data atual, avaliou a relação com a exacerbação da atividade da doença.   Palavras-chave: Artrite Reumatoide. Poluição do Ar. Doenças Autoimunes.   Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory, chronic, autoimmune, systemic and progressive disease with a still unknown etiology that causes progressive damage to the musculoskeletal system. This disease affects approximately 0.5% to 1% of the world population, predominates in females and affects all age groups with a higher prevalence between 40-60 years. The disease activity is assessed by the Disease Activity Index (DAS28) analyzing 28 joints. Studies show that air pollution is associated with damage to human health and loss of quality of life. This study aimed to report the role of air pollution in rheumatoid arthritis, through a literature narrative review, using the PubMed and Scielo databases. Articles in English and Portuguese published in national and international journals about the research theme were included. The relationship between the RA development and different air pollutants has been analyzed in several studies, which showed an association between different air pollutants and the development of the disease, however, no study published to date has evaluated the relationship with the disease activity exacerbation.   Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis. Air Pollution. Autoimmune Diseases.    

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Antibiotic Prescribing in Children with Otitis Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina T. Ryborg ◽  
Jens Søndergaard ◽  
Jørgen Lous ◽  
Anders Munck ◽  
Pia V. Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Factors Associated

Background. Acute otitis media (AOM) is often treated with antibiotics. However, initial observation is recommended. Denmark has a low use of antibiotics compared with other countries, but the total use of antibiotics has increased by 32% during the last decade, and it is important to know whether general practitioners (GPs) prescribe antibiotics according to guidelines. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyse associations between GPs' antibiotic prescribing for AOM and symptoms, diagnoses, and characteristics of children. Methods. A cohort study where GPs consecutively included 954 children between 0 and 7 years old with a new ear symptom was carried out. The GPs registered symptoms, results of otoscopy and tympanometry, together with diagnosis and treatment. Results. Fever with and without earache was statistically associated with prescribing antibiotics, and it applies to both children up to two years of age (OR: 5.89 (confidence interval (CI): 2.62–13.21) and OR: 8.13 (CI: 4.61–14.32)) and children older than two years of age (OR: 4.59 (CI: 2.55–8.25) and OR: 19.45 (CI: 6.38–59.24)). A red tympanic membrane was statistically associated with the prescribing antibiotics in both age groups (0–2 years: OR: 4.73 (CI: 2.52–8.86) and >2–7 years: OR: 3.76 (CI: 2.13–6.64)). A flat tympanometry curve was only statistically associated with prescribing antibiotics in the oldest children (OR: 2.42 (CI: 1.17–5.00)). Conclusion. This study indicates that GPs to a large degree prescribe antibiotics appropriately according to guidelines.

scholarly journals Reducing antibiotic use in children with acute otitis media

BMJ ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 319 (7202) ◽  
pp. 124-124
Author(s):  
R W Clarke ◽  
C. Cates
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Use

scholarly journals LO89: The effectiveness of video discharge instructions for acute otitis media in children: a randomized controlled trial

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S38-S39
Author(s):  
A. Dobrin ◽  
S. Belisle ◽  
S. Ali ◽  
S. Brahmbatt ◽  
K. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Knowledge Gain ◽  
Discharge Instructions ◽  
School Work ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Introduction: In children, acute otitis media (AOM) pain is undertreated. We sought to determine if video discharge instructions were associated with improved symptomatology, functional outcomes, and knowledge compared to a paper handout. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled superiority trial comparing video discharge instructions (Easy Sketch Pro3TM) on management of pain to a paper handout detailing the same. We included caregivers of children 6 months to 5 years presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a clinical diagnosis of AOM. The primary outcome was symptomatology using the Acute Otitis Media Severity of Symptom (AOM SOS) score between 48 and 72 hours. The 7-item self-report AOM-SOS is scored from 0 to 13 with a higher score indicating more symptomatology. Secondary outcomes included knowledge gain using a 10-item survey, days of daycare/school/work missed, and recidivism. Assuming a minimal clinically important AOM-SOS difference of 2, 90% power, and 5% alpha, 60 individuals/group was needed. Results: 219 caregivers were randomized and 149 completed the 72-hour follow-up (72 paper and 77 video). The median (IQR) AOM-SOS score in the video group (adjusted for pre-intervention AOM-SOS, analgesic and antibiotic use) was significantly lower than paper [8 (7,11) versus 10 (7,13), respectively, p=0.004]. There were no significant differences between video and paper in the mean (SD) knowledge score [9.2 (1.3) versus 8.8 (1.8) correct answers, respectively, p=0.07], mean (SD) number that returned to a health provider [8/77 versus 10/72, respectively, p=0.49), mean (SD) number of daycare/schooldays missed [1.2 (1.5) versus 1.1 (2.1), respectively, p=0.62], and mean (SD) number of workdays missed by caregiver [0.5 (1) versus 0.8 (2), respectively, p=0.05]. Conclusion: Video discharge instructions are associated with less symptomatology compared to a paper handout, are effective for caregiver education in the ED, and should be used routinely.

scholarly journals Incidence of Inner Ear Disorders in Various Forms of Acute Otitis Media in ENT Practices in Germany

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132093056
Author(s):  
David Ulrich Seidel ◽  
Simon Bode ◽  
Karel Kostev ◽  
Jonas Jae-Hyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Nose And Throat ◽  
Inner Ear Disorders

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of inner ear involvement in various forms of acute otitis media (AOM) in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) practices in Germany. Methods: Patients who had been diagnosed with various forms of AOM in the years 2010 to 2017 were enrolled in the study from a nationwide, representative practice database (Disease Analyzer, IQVIA). In these patients, the incidence of simultaneous or subsequent inner ear disorders (IED) was determined within 7 days and within 12 months from the date of an AOM diagnosis. Results: A total of 286 186 patients with AOM were enrolled. The most frequent diagnoses were “nonsuppurative otitis media, unspecified” (47.6%) and “otitis media, unspecified” (39.0%). The diagnoses of hemorrhagic bullous myringitis (BM) or influenza-induced AOM were very rarely found in the database. The highest incidence of IED after 7 days and 12 months was found in “nonsuppurative otitis media, unspecified” (7.7% and 15.9%, respectively), followed by “otitis media, unspecified” (5.6% and 13.5%, respectively). The incidences of the most frequent IED “hearing loss, unspecified” and “sensorineural hearing loss, unspecified” increased proportionally with increasing patient age, while the rare diagnoses of “labyrinthitis” and “ototoxic hearing loss” were evenly distributed among the age groups. Conclusion: In ENT practices in Germany, both various forms of AOM, as well as simultaneous or subsequent IED, are mostly being coded in an unspecific way, while specific forms such as hemorrhagic BM, influenza-induced AOM, and labyrinthitis are coded very rarely. Older patients have a higher risk of IED in AOM. A visit due to AOM seems to be a regular occasion for the initial diagnosis of hearing impairment in the elderly individuals. The highest risk of IED was found in nonsuppurative AOM.

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