scholarly journals The Results of a Three-Year Pneumococcal Vaccination of Children in Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay I. Briko ◽  
Vladimir A. Korshunov ◽  
Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
Juriy V. Lobzin ◽  
Alexander A. Baranov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccination ◽  
The Russian Federation

Background.After inclusion of pneumococcal vaccination in the National Vaccination Schedule, it is very important to evaluate the efficacy of routine immunisation of the child population for more than 3 years. The obtained results provide opportunity to analyse the problems in achieving the goal, determine their causes, and suggest the ways of overcoming. Our aim was to study the results of a three-year period of pneumococcal vaccination of children.Methods.The quality of immunoprophylaxis of pneumococcal infection in the territory of the Russian Federation were assessed by analysing the coverage of vaccination and timeliness of its conduct after the inclusion of pneumococcal vaccine in the National Vaccination Schedule. The actual epidemiological efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination was assessed based on morbidity and mortality due to community-acquired pneumonia, incidence of acute otitis media among children. By questioning parents (n = 352) who applied to the Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health ‘National Medical Research Centre for Children’s Health, the timeliness of pneumococcal vaccination for infants was established.Results.In most regions, a high level of pneumococcal vaccination coverage was reached (87% of children). Despite the fact that the majority of children (73%) were vaccinated untimely. In particular, the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in the Moscow vaccination centre indicate insufficient awareness of parents for the need to vaccinate infants against pneumococcal infection by primary care professionals and, as a consequence, a low level of timely initiated vaccine introduction (40.1%). The introduction of routine prophylactic pneumococcal vaccination in Russia resulted in a 35% reduction in the death rate of children from community-acquired pneumonia, led to a decrease in the incidence of acute otitis media.Conclusion.The introduction of routine prophylactic vaccination of children against Streptococcus pneumoniae helps to reduce morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal infections. The surveillance system for community-acquired pneumonia requires further improvement. It is advisable to conduct an additional analysis on the reasons for refusals and medical exemptions to vaccination. It is important to increase the professional level of paediatricians in prophylactic vaccination.

scholarly journals Study of the impact of anti-tobacco legislation on public health in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T A Agishina ◽  
V A Kontsevaya ◽  
M G Gambaryan
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Status Asthmaticus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Tobacco Legislation

Abstract Background Smoking increases the risk of developing many diseases, both non-infectious and infectious. On February 23, 2013, the Russian Federation adopted an anti-smoking law, which provided for a two-stage ban on smoking in public places. Since June 1, 2013, smoking has been banned in schools, hospitals, public transport, railway stations, workplaces, and since June 1, 2014 - in trains, hotels, bars, restaurants. Purpose To study the dynamics of monthly hospitalization rates for respiratory diseases and acute otitis media in three regions of the Russian Federation (Chuvash Republic, Samara and Arkhangelsk regions). Methods A retrospective analysis of the monthly hospital incidence of pneumonia of various etiologies (ICD-10 J12-J18), other acute lower respiratory infections (J20-J22), asthma (J45), status asthmaticus (J46) and acute otitis media (H65.0, H65.1, H66.0) from 2012 to 2017. The data were analyzed by the method of interrupted time series. The information was provided by the regional Fund of Medical Insurance. Results Two control points were identified - June 2013 and June 2014. We demonstrated the reduction of hospitalization rates for acute lower respiratory infections and pneumonia immediately after each of the two stages of the anti-smoking policy implementation in all regions studied. In the Arkhangelsk region, the decrease was 19% in 2013 and 22% in 2014, in the Samara region - 20% and 23%, and in the Chuvash Republic - 31% and 39%. The reduction of hospitalization for asthma, status asthmaticus and acute otitis media was observed only in Chuvash Republic: the decrease in the number of hospitalizations for asthma and status asthmaticus was 11% in 2013 and 12% in 2014, and for acute otitis media - 25% and 35%. In other regions the decline was non-significant. Conclusions Anti-tobacco legislation leads to an immediate and significant reduction in the number of hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections. Key messages The ban on smoking in public places reduces infections of the lower respiratory tract and acute otitis media. Anti-tobacco legislation has a positive impact on public health.

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VACCINATION OF CHILDREN AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION IN THE AMUR REGION

2016 ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Chuchalin ◽  
G. G. Onischenko ◽  
V. P. Kolosov ◽  
O. P. Kurganova ◽  
N. L. Tezikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
High Level

Aim. To study the effectiveness of anti-pneumococcal vaccination of children in the organization of anti-epidemic measures in the areas of the flood in the Amur region. Material and methods. The monitoring program included 4988 children aged 2 to 5 years who have risk factors for pneumococcal infection. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevenar-13 was used for immunization. Data on the incidence of child with acute respiratory infection, acute otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis during the post-vaccination period were taken into account. To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination we used indicators and specific criteria (coefficient prophylactic vaccination and infection index). Results. The level of total morbidity of children in post-immunization period decreased by 13.6%; the number of cases of pneumonia in the population of observed children decreased by 2.3 times; the total duration of the illness in children decreased by 14.6%, the number of courses of antibiotic therapy was reduced by 21.3%, the number of hospital admissions of children- 38.4%, the number of days of temporary disability of parents - 11.1%. Direct dependence of the degree of effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal disease by the age of children is determined. Conclusion. The findings suggest that implementation of the program of clinical and epidemiological monitoring and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia with use of a vaccine against pneumococcal infections in the territory of the Amur Region has a high level of medical and socio-economic efficiency.

scholarly journals Analysis of the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia and acute otitis media in children during the first four years of life in different age groups vaccinated with pneumococcal 13-valent vaccine Prevenar

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
S. A. Pyrkova ◽  
L. P. Voronina ◽  
M. E. Kuzin ◽  
V. V. Cherepova ◽  
E. A. Polunina
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
High Level ◽  
Disease Analysis ◽  
Vaccination Period

Objective: to analyze the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia and acute otitis media in children during the first four years of life in different age groups vaccinated with pneumococcal 13-valent vaccine Prevenar.Materials and methods: medical records of 590 children aged 1 to 5 years were analyzed. All subjects were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of vaccinated children (n = 490), born in 2014, and vaccinated against pneumococcal 13-valent vaccine Prevenar. The second group consisted of unvaccinated children (n = 100) born in 2013 and not vaccinated. Each group was divided into subgroups depending on the age period (1—2 years, 2—3 years, 3—4 years, 4—5 years).Results: it is established that the conduct of specific prophylaxis of pneumococcal infection vaccine Prevenar-13 in children during the first 4 years of life effectively reduces the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (in 7,6 times) and acute otitis media (in 8,5 times). The effectiveness of the vaccine was observed in all age groups. In cases of development of an inoculated child acute otitis reduces the risk of severe forms and complications of the disease. Analysis of the course of the post-vaccination period indicates a high level of safety and good tolerability of the vaccine.Conclusion: Implementation of specific prophylaxis of pneumococcal 13-valent vaccine Prevenar in children during the first four years of life according to the calendar of vaccination effectively reduces the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (87 %) and acute otitis media (42,8 %) in all age subgroups. In cases of development of an inoculated child acute otitis reduces the risk of severe forms and complications of the disease. Analysis of the course of the post-vaccination period indicates a high level of safety and good tolerability of the vaccine.

scholarly journals The prevalence of circulating S. pneumoniae serotypes in people older than 18 years: healthy carriers, patients with acute otitis media, community-acquired pneumonia, and invasive pneumococcal infections (epidemiological study «SPECTRUM»)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Muravyev ◽  
Aida N. Chagaryan ◽  
Nataly V. Ivanchik ◽  
Anastasia A. Kurkova ◽  
I.A. Tsvetkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Healthy Carriers

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of S. pneumoniae serotypes in adults aged of 18 years and older, including healthy carriers and patients with acute otitis media (AOM), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal infection (IPI). Materials and Methods. A total of 230 isolates of S. pneumoniae from 10 centers were included in the study from 01.06.2019 to 01.10.2019. Re-identification and typing using real-time PCR with 22 primer pairs were performed in the central laboratory (Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Russia). Results. In healthy nasopharyngeal carriers (n = 31), the following serotypes of S. pneumoniae were detected: 19F (29.0%), 6А/В (22.6%), 3 (16.1%), 11A/D and 23F (9.7% each), 23A (6.4%), 14 and 15A/F (3.2% each); PCV-13 and PPV-23 covered 80.6% and 90.3% of those serotypes, respectively. In patients with AOM (n = 18), serotypes were: 3 (16.7%), 11A/D and 6A/B (11.1%, each), 16, 19А, 19F, 23F, 7A/F (5.55%, each); PCV-13 and PPV-23 covered 50% and 61.1% of those serotypes, respectively. Among 166 isolates from patients with CAP, the following serotypes were detected: 3 (12.0%), 19F and 6A/B (10.2%, each), 14 and 11A/D (5.4% each), 15A/F and 23A (4.8% each), 9N/L (4.2%), 18 and 22A/F (2.4% each), 19A and 23F (1.8% each), 16, 9V/A (1.2% each), 4 and 33A/33F/37 (0.6% each), non-vaccine serotypes (30.3%); PCV-13 and PPV-23 covered 45.6% and 57.0% of those serotypes, respectively. Isolates from patients with IPI (n=15) belonged to the following serotypes: 3 (26.7%), 12F, 23F and 9N/L (13.3% each), serotypes 4 and 15A/F (6.7%), non-vaccine serotype – 1 isolate (6.7%); PCV-13 and PPV-23 covered 46.7% and 73.3% of those serotypes, respectively. Conclusions. The majority of S. pneumoniae serotypes in adult population in Russia are included in PPV-23, but not in PCV-13 (primarily due to serotype 11A/D). There was a high PCV-13 and PPV-23 coverage of serotypes from healthy nasopharyngeal carriers. PPV-23 covered more than 60% of clinical isolates, whereas PCV-13 covered less than 60% (AOM – 50.0%, CAP – 45.6%, IPI – 46.7%), thus indicating a potentially lower efficacy of PCV-13 in adult population.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY INACTIVATED VACCINE FOR POLYOMIELITIS PREVENTION (NETHERLANDS) AND VACCINE «IMOVAX POLIO» (FRANCE) IN CHILDREN USING TRIPLE IMMUNIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
I. V. Feldblyum ◽  
V. V. Romanenko ◽  
M. G. Menshikova ◽  
I. A. Okuneva ◽  
A. E. Makarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Poliomyelitis Vaccine ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim is comparative evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) «Bilthoven Biologicals B.V.» (Netherlands) and «Imovax Polio» (France) with subcutaneous and intramuscular modes of administration. Materials and methods. In a doubleblind, comparative clinical randomized multicenter study, 120 children at the age of 3 months participated as volunteers. They were divided into 4 groups: 1 and 2 groups were given IPV intramuscular (group 1) and subcutaneous (group 2) mode of administration, children of groups 3 and 4 were given the vaccine «Imovax Polio». Results. IPV is characterized by a high safety profile and immunogenicity both in subcutaneous and intramuscular modes of administration and it is comparable in its characteristics with the vaccine «Imovax Polio». Conclusion. Vaccine IPV (Netherlands) is recommended for registration in the territory of the Russian Federation and its further using in the National Vaccination Schedule.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF PARASITIC SAFETY EVALUATION OF WATER IN SOURCES USED BY POPULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 558-564
Author(s):  
K. Y. KUZNETSOVA ◽  
O. P. ZELYA ◽  
Z. V.; ZHNAKINA ◽  
T. R. MANIYA
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Independent Expert ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Tract Infections

The importance of state monitoring of water bodies on parasitological indicators is actualized in the article. It was established that summary reports of federal enterprises involved in the state monitoring of water bodies are formed without taking into account natural parasitic systems and insufficient detection of local parasitological pollution. At the same time, the incidence rate in the Russian Federation regarding giardiasis due to the water transport factor has been consistently high for several years. Cryptosporidiosis among the population is not detected due to the use of insensitive methods of diagnosis. With such an unexplored state of factors affecting public health, the level of unidentified etiological causes of acute intestinal infections, upper respiratory tract infections, and community-acquired pneumonia remains high in the Russian Federation: 70% and 90%, respectively. The article presents data on parasitic contamination of water bodies in the catchment area of the Moskva River, obtained with an independent expert survey.

Efficacy of Pneumococcal Vaccination against Recurrent Otitis Media

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Karma ◽  
J. Luotonen ◽  
J. Pukander ◽  
M. Leinonen ◽  
M. Timonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Parenteral Immunization

For this study, 781 children, aged 3 to 83 months, after presenting with acute otitis media, were immunized with either 14-valent pneumococcal or Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine. The vaccines were tolerated well. Antibody responses to the 14 pneumococcal polysaccharide types, measured by radioimmunoassay, were fair to good and increased with age, with the exception of types 1, 6 and 12 to which the responses were generally poor. During the follow-up of 1–17 months, average 13 months, 45 vaccine type (except type 6) pneumococcal recurrences were met among 456 pneumococcal-vaccinated and 45 among 288 H. influenzae-vaccinated children, at least six months old ( P < .05). The corresponding protective efficacy by the pneumococcal vaccine was 37%, for the first six months, 51% ( P < .01). No protection by the pneumococcal vaccine was seen against group 6 pneumococci, nor among 19 infants under six months of age. Nonvaccine type pneumococcal and H. influenzae recurrences did not significantly concentrate in either of the vaccination groups. Thus, it seems that parenteral immunization of children can reduce the recurrence rate of otitis media caused by pneumococci of types (except type 6) present in the vaccine.

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