Obstetrical Management of Hydrocephalic Fetal Monster in a Tharparker Cow: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Sasi G ◽  
Tapendra Kumar ◽  
Shivendra Kumar Bhalothia
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽  
Congenital Deformity ◽  
External Hydrocephalus ◽  
Fetal Hydrocephalus ◽  
Obstetrical Management ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Internal Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus condition is described either as an external or an internal. In the external hydrocephalus (Vidya Sagar et al., 2010), fluid accumulates in the subarachnoid space exterior to the brain, whereas in the internal hydrocephalus fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain. There are several forms of congenital deformity in the bovine fetus. Among them, congenital hydrocephalus has been described in cattle (Purohit et al., 2006; Dar et al., 2012; Ravikumar et al., 2013; Tripathi et al., 2014; Prakash et al., 2016; Megahed, 2017; Chhetri et al., 2018 ) and buffalo (Salunke et al., 2001; Kumaresan et al., 2003; Pandey et al., 2010). The diagnosis of the condition is easy if the fetus is in an anterior presentation. In fetuses with very large heads, puncture of the head with a trochar is advocated to relieve dystocia, along with routine obstetric maneuvers (Salunke et al., 2001) Sometimes, the calf may be born normally (Vidya Sagar et al., 2010) or by cesarean section when required (Kumaresan et al., 2003; Megahed, 2017). This paper aims to report a case of fetal hydrocephalus delivered per vaginally after obstetrical management in a Tharparker cow.

Internal Hydrocephalus and Associated Periventricular Encephalitis in Young Dogs

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Higgins ◽  
M. Vandevelde ◽  
K. B. Braund
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Cranial Vault ◽  
Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Internal Hydrocephalus

Six dogs that had a sudden onset and rapid progression of neurological signs with enlargement of the cranial vault at 6-8 weeks old were believed to have congenital hydrocephalus. There were severe inflammatory and necrotizing lesions in periventricular sites in the brain. A bacterial infection may have been the cause of this process.

CASE REPORT: ANGIOSTRONGYLIASIS IN A PALLAS’S SQUIRREL (CALLOSCIURUS ERYTHRAEUS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Chieh Tuan ◽  
Hsin-Yu Kuo ◽  
Ji-Hang Yin ◽  
Fun-Rewn Chang ◽  
Kwong-Chung Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Callosciurus Erythraeus ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

This is a rare case of a wild squirrel that was diagnosed with angiostrongyliasis characterized by the presence of larvae-induced eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis. A wild, intact, male Pallas’s squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus) of unknown age was presented with a history of progressive paralysis in both forelimbs and hindlimbs. Gradually, the squirrel showed signs of deterioration, found dead and submitted for a complete pathological diagnosis. Necropsy revealed the presence of severe and diffuse congestion in the subarachnoid space of the brain and mild congestion in the spinal cord. Microscopically, severe meningoencephalomyelitis and interstitial pneumonia were consistent with lesions induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis (A. cantonensis). Although A. cantonensis has been widely studied in rabbits, mice and humans, infection in squirrels has not been documented. This may be the first reported case of angiostrongyliasis in the Pallas’s squirrel.

scholarly journals Congenital Hydrocephalic Monster in an Indigenous Gir Calf: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
DN Borakhatariya ◽  
Rupesh J Raval ◽  
Karsan B Vala ◽  
Bakti P Chavda ◽  
Sanny G Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
The Brain

There are several types of fetal dropsy (fetal ascites, fetal anasarca, fetal hydrocephalus), which have obstetrical importance preventing normal easy delivery of calf. Hydrocephalus is one of the fetal causes of dystocia. It is characterized by an accumulation of fluid which may be in the ventricular system or between the brain and the subarachnoid space. The swelling or enlargement of cranium occurs as a result of an imbalance between formation and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (Arthur et al., 2001). This congenital dropsical condition is associated with an autosomal recessive gene, whereas some cases are due to BVD-MD or bluetongue virus infection in bovine (Roberts, 1986). Though this dropsical condition is rare in Gir cattle, it is reported in many other species (Dhami et al., 2007; Kumar et al., 2010; Parmar et al., 2018). The present case report depicts an unusual instance of hydrocephalic monster in an indigenous Gir calf, causing dystocia, which was successfully managed by per vaginum.

scholarly journals Severe Encephalitis in Infant with COVID-19: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 514-517
Author(s):  
Aspazija Sofijanova ◽  
Sonja Bojadzieva ◽  
Filip Duma ◽  
Elizabeta Superlishka ◽  
Avdi Murtezani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Internal Hydrocephalus

BACKGROUND: Encephalitis is a serious condition that contains neurological dysfunction cause by inflammation of the brain tissue. Etiological factors for the occurrence of this condition include infectious and non-infectious causes. CASE REPORT: We are presented 9-month-old infant referred to our clinic in convulsive status, fever, and disturbed consciousness. From anamnestic information, the infant has been febrile for 2 days with profuse vomiting initiating just before admission at the clinic. At the moment of admission in the clinic, the infant looked intoxicated with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, with shortness of breath and fever with a weakened reaction to painful stimuli. It was admitted in the Isolation Unit by the protocol of the clinic. Laboratory investigations were done. Due to the persistence of convulsive status, a computed tomography scan of the brain was performed with the finding of enlargement of the lateral ventricles, with intraventricular masses and pronounced internal hydrocephalus. The results of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) from the infant were positive as well as the grandmother. The infant was intubated immediately and put on mechanical ventilation SIPPV. CONCLUSION: Our case report could suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause severe clinical symptoms, neurological manifestations, and encephalitis in infants.

Encephalocele: A Case Report at Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-414
Author(s):  
Jeanne Hortence Fouedjio ◽  
Fouelifack Y Florent ◽  
Robinson E Mbu ◽  
Nana P Njotang
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Premature Baby ◽  
Skull Defect ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Occipital Encephalocele ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Second Twin

ABSTRACT An encephalocele is characterized by congenital herniation of the brain tissue and/or meninges through a skull defect. The underlying cause is complex and not fully understood. The exact worldwide frequency is not known. Microcephaly with the presence of neural elements in the encephalocele is associated with poor prognosis. We report a case of a second twin premature baby born at 31 weeks gestation by cesarean section with an occipital encephalocele and died after 48 hours. How to cite this article Hortence FJ, Florent FY, Njotang NP, Mbu RE. Encephalocele: A Case Report at Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(4):413-414.

Congenital Hydrocephalus in a Calf and its Surgical Treatment: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
S K Sharma ◽  
R Saini ◽  
P R Aziz ◽  
L A Mir ◽  
R Pooniya
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Mental Disability ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Female Cattle ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Progressive Enlargement

Hydrocephalus is an accumulation of excessive fluid in durameter or ventricles of the brain (Purohit et al., 2012) thereby leading to the swelling of the cranium. It is mainly due to abnormal development of the fetus duringpregnancy; however, hereditary, infectious, and nutritional factors can also predispose this condition. This condition has been reported occasionally in the ewe, doe, mare, and sow, whilst it is rarely seen in cattle and buffalo 2001). Hydrocephalus occurs mainly due to three reasons, as excessive production of CSF, defective absorption of CSF,and interference in the passage of CSF. Hydrocephalus may cause increased intracranial cerebral pressure, progressive enlargement of the head, convulsions, mental disability, and even death. This communication describes a case of congenital hydrocephalous in a day-old female cattle calf.

Acute Dystonia after a Single Dose of Intravenous Metoclopramide during Elective Cesarean Section: A Case Report.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Levin
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Dystonic Reaction ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Spinal Epidural

We would like to present the first report of severe acute dystonic reaction after a single administration of metoclopramide during cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.  During elective cesarean section, a 30-year-old female vomited four times and was treated with 10mg intravenous metoclopramide and 8mg intravenous ondansetron.  Nausea subsided with the antiemetic treatment, but two minutes later, patient had rapid eye blinking, uncontrollable head movement, and became unresponsive.  Bolus of 50mg intravenous diphenhydramine resolved the acute dystonic symptoms within seconds.  Patient was again oriented times three, with no recollection of symptoms, and remained symptom free for the rest of admission. 

Right frontotemporal craniotomy for ECA-to-MCA direct and indirect bypass and occipital artery indirect bypass to the posterior circulation: case report

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mitchell W. Couldwell ◽  
Samuel Cheshier ◽  
Philipp Taussky ◽  
Vance Mortimer ◽  
William T. Couldwell
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Posterior Circulation ◽  
Occipital Artery ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attacks ◽  
Collateral Vessel ◽  
Suboccipital Craniotomy ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
Indirect Revascularization ◽  
The Brain

Moyamoya is an uncommon disease that presents with stenoocclusion of the major vasculature at the base of the brain and associated collateral vessel formation. Many pediatric patients with moyamoya present with transient ischemic attacks or complete occlusions. The authors report the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with posterior fossa hemorrhage and was treated with an emergency suboccipital craniotomy for evacuation. After emergency surgery, an angiogram was performed, and the patient was diagnosed with moyamoya disease. Six months later, the patient was treated for moyamoya using direct and indirect revascularization; after surgery there was excellent vascularization in both regions of the bypass and no further progression of moyamoya changes. This case illustrates a rare example of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with moyamoya changes in the posterior vascularization in a pediatric patient and subsequent use of direct and indirect revascularization to reduce the risk of future hemorrhage and moyamoya progression.

scholarly journals Heterotopic ossification in lymph node metastasis after rectal cancer resection: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Nagano ◽  
Tamotsu Togawa ◽  
Takeshi Watanabe ◽  
Kenji Ohnishi ◽  
Toshihisa Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Metastatic Lesion ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of osseous tissue outside the skeleton. HO in malignant tumors of the digestive tract is extremely rare, as is ossification in metastatic lesions from HO-negative digestive tract tumors. Regarding the pathogenesis of HO, two theories have been proposed. The first is that the osteoblastic metaplasia of tumor cells (driven by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT) results in HO, and the second is that factors secreted by cancer cells lead to the metaplasia of stromal pluripotent cells into osteoblasts. However, the osteogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Case presentation An 83-year-old Japanese woman underwent low anterior rectal resection for rectal cancer before presentation at our institution, in June 2018. The final diagnosis was stage IIB rectal adenocarcinoma (T4aN0M0). Histological examination did not reveal HO in the primary tumor. Thirteen months after the operation, a solitary metastatic lesion in the brain 20 mm in size and a solitary metastatic lesion in a right axillary lymph node 20 mm in size were diagnosed. The patient was treated with gamma-knife therapy for the brain metastasis. One month later, she was referred to our institution. She underwent lymph node resection. Histological examination revealed that most portions of the affected lymph node were occupied by metastatic tumor cells and that central necrosis and four small ossified lesions without an osteoblast-like cell rim were present in the peripheral region. Immunohistochemical analysis showed tumor cells positive for BMP-2, osteonectin, osteocalcin, AE1/AE3, TGF-β1, Gli2, Smad2/3, and CDX2 and negative for nestin, CD56, and CK7. Conclusion This is the first English case report of HO in a metachronous metastatic lymph node after the curative resection of HO-negative rectal cancer. Unlike HO lesions in past reports, the HO lesion did not show peripheral osteoblast-like cells, and the immunohistochemical findings indicated that the present case resulted from the EMT.

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