A Preferred Target Population for Comprehensive Health Promotion

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald C. Hyner ◽  
Christopher L. Melby ◽  
Richard Petosa ◽  
Roger Seehafer ◽  
David R. Black
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Medical Care System ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Comprehensive Health

Health promotion (HP) strategies have been advocated as a means of enhancing individual responsibility for health maintenance, while reducing client dependence on the medical care system. Similarly, advocates of HP have suggested that it may positively affect medical costs and physical/behavioral risk factors among others. To properly test the long-term effects of carefully planned HP interventions, a preferred target population is proposed. It is suggested that clientele would be drawn from moderate or low risk individuals who are seldom the population-of-interest within the traditional medical care model. The authors offer a model for comprehensive HP and discuss the implications of defining a target population for HP strategies.

Evaluation of Six Family-Support Programs: Are They Effective?

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna W. Comer ◽  
Mark W. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Evaluation Design ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Program Description

Family-support programs employ multiple strategies in an effort to strengthen families and promote the well-being of children. The multidimensionality of these programs—viewed by many experts as a strength—renders them particularly difficult to evaluate. As a result of this complexity, little information is available on the effectiveness of family-support programs. The authors examine outcome research from six family-support programs. Each of the programs was subjected to rigorous program evaluation. The findings from this research are summarized across six dimensions, including program description, intervention strategies, target population, evaluation design, outcome measures, and observed outcomes. Findings from these six programs suggests that there are positive outcomes for young children and their parents. The authors caution that too few studies that involve manualized interventions, and broad assessment over time of randomized groups have been conducted. In these six evaluations, however, program families demonstrated enhanced child, parent, and family functioning. Additionally, these programs appear to improve parent education and produce gains in both immediate and long-term effects on housing and income.

Long-Term Effect of an Oral Health Promotion Program for Schoolchildren after the Interruption of Educational Activities

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Antonio ◽  
A. Kelly ◽  
Daniella Valle ◽  
Roberto Vianna ◽  
Luís Eduardo Quintanilha
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Promotion Program ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
The Mean

This study aimed to verify the long-term effects of an oral-health-promotion program for 203 schoolchildren 24 months after the interruption of educational activities. They were clinically examined to assess dental plaque and gingival bleeding at baseline, immediately after the educational phase (EP), and 12 and 24 months after withdrawal of the EP. The mean plaque scores gradually increased after interruption of the EP,and in the last assessment they were higher than the baseline scores, but similar to the ones verified 12 months after withdrawal of the EP. The mean gingival bleeding scores were maintained after interruption of the EP. However, it was verified that in the last assessment they were lower than the previous evaluations. And, in all analyses, it was far from the baseline mean scores (P < 0.05). Analysis indicated that the duration of the program favorably influenced its outcome.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Integrated Strategies of Community Health Promotion on Diabetes Mellitus Mortality: a Natural Policy Experiment Based on Aggregated Longitudinal Secondary Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Röding ◽  
Ulla Walter ◽  
Maren Dreier
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
County Level ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Community Health Promotion ◽  
Integrated Strategies

AbstractIntegrated strategies of community health promotion (ISCHP) are based on intersectoral collaborations using the Health in All Policies approach to address determinants of health. While effects on health determinants have been shown, evidence on the effectiveness of ISCHP on health outcomes is scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the long-term effects of ISCHP on diabetes mellitus mortality (DMM) in German communities. A nonrandomized evaluation based on secondary county-level official data (1998–2016) was performed. In April 2019, 149 communities in Germany with ISCHP out of 401 were identified. Communities with < 5 measurements of DMM, starting before 1999 or after 2015, were excluded. Analyses included 65 communities with ISCHP (IG) and 124 without ISCHP (CG). ISCHP ran for a mean of 5.6 years. Fixed effects (FE) models were used to estimate effects of ISCHP and duration on DMM taking into account the time-varying average age. The FE estimator for DMM is b =  − 2.48 (95% CI − 3.45 to − 1.51) for IG vs. CG and b =  − 0.30 (95% CI − 0.46 to − 0.14) for ISCHP duration (0–16 years). In the first year of an ISCHP, a reduction of the annual DMM of 0.3 per 100,000 population (1%), and in the 16th year of 4.8 (14%) was achieved. This study provides preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of ISCHP in Germany. Limitations include inaccuracies to classify IG and CG and possible selection bias. Longitudinal county-level data may be an efficient data source to evaluate complex interventions, thereby contributing to further strengthen evidence-based integrated health promotion.

scholarly journals Long term effects of a health promotion intervention in low socioeconomic Arab- Israeli kindergartens

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Nemet ◽  
Dganit Geva ◽  
Michal Pantanowitz ◽  
Narmen Igbaria ◽  
Yoav Meckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Promotion Intervention ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Long-term effects of pain in children

2013 ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Grunau
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Surgical Pain ◽  
Biological Substrate ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Infant Pain

Major advances in high-technology medical care have led to greatly increased survival of medically fragile infants born extremely preterm, or with major congenital anomalies or other life-threatening conditions. These infants are exposed to procedural, surgical, and post-surgical pain. For millennia human infancy was a prolonged period of adult protection, with pain rarely encountered early in life. While the biological mechanisms for perception of pain develop during the fetal period, endogenous capacities to dampen pain mature later. Until relatively recently, this biological substrate was a good fit, matching the environment of infancy. However, the revolution in medical care has led to unforeseen challenges to understand and manage infant pain. In full-term infants, the primary concern is whether early pain alters later pain sensitivity. In contrast, due to the immaturity of the developing nervous system, the greatest impact of pain is likely to occur in the least maturely born infants. Therefore, in infants born very preterm who undergo lengthy hospitalization, pain may affect multiple aspects of development. This chapter focuses on long-term effects of early pain on subsequent pain perception, neurodevelopment, brain development, and programming of stress systems in the context of clinical studies, and whether caregiving factors may ameliorate potential long-term adverse effects.

A Little Pain Never Hurt Anybody: A Photo-Essay on the Normalization of Sport Injuries

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Curry ◽  
Richard H. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sport Injuries ◽  
Collegiate Sports ◽  
The Social ◽  
Photo Essay

This visual study explores the social conditions that promote the normalization of injuries in sport. Photographs taken at a university wrestling team’s meets and practices, and in a hospital operating room, convey some of the details and social ambience of today’s approach to collegiate sports medicine. Quotations drawn from photo-elicitation interviews with the coaches and athletes express the views of the participants. This study suggests that the normalization of injuries in sport—illustrated when universities make medical care immediately available and coaches and athletes minimize the significance of injury—encourages continued participation. Such continuation may be questioned by those concerned with the long-term effects of “playing with pain.”

scholarly journals The Long-Term Public Health Impact of a Community-Based Participatory Research Project for Health Promotion Among Socially Disadvantaged Women—A Case Study Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Abu-Omar ◽  
Heiko Ziemainz ◽  
Julika Loss ◽  
Michael Laxy ◽  
Rolf Holle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Disadvantaged Women

Introduction: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is considered to be of high potential for health promotion among socially disadvantaged groups. However, the long-term implementation and transfer of these approaches remain challenging, and the public health impact they achieve is difficult to study. This also pertains to the potential health effects and cost-effectiveness of CBPR. This study protocol describes the follow-up case study (NU-BIG) after 15 years of the BIG project (“movement as investment in health”), a project to promote physical activity among socially disadvantaged women. Through a participatory approach, BIG empowers the addressed women to plan and implement low-threshold physical activity offers. Since the project started in 2005, it was transferred to 17 communities in Germany.Materials and Analysis: NU-BIG intends to examine the long-term effects, including economic aspects, of the BIG project on individual and structural levels at all project sites, as well as its long-term implementation and transfer. NU-BIG is a cross-sectional and longitudinal study using a mixed method approach. For the longitudinal section, we re-analyze existing data from former BIG evaluations. For cross-sectional data collection, we use questionnaires and conduct qualitative interviews and focus groups. Women who take part in BIG program offers are part of the research team and will use the photo-voice approach to report on the effects of BIG. The study population consists of about 800 women who participate in BIG project offers and 50 persons involved in the implementation of the BIG project at local sites.Discussion: The expected results from NU-BIG are highly relevant for studying the long-term public health impact of CBPR. In particular, this project intends to answer questions on how the transfer of such projects can succeed and which factors determine if a CBPR project can be sustained at the community level. Eventually, these results can contribute to the further development of participatory approaches to provide effective health promotion among socially disadvantaged groups.Conclusion: Although CBPR is seen of having the potential to reduce health disparities, there is still a lack of research on its long-term effects and public health impact. NU-BIG aims at generating knowledge about the economic effects, reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of a CBPR project. The expected results could be of high interest for BIG and other CBPR-projects.

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