Work Security in a Global Economy

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Rosskam
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
World Order ◽  
Well Being ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Working People ◽  
Work Security ◽  
Global Work ◽  
Equitable Treatment

Work security is a fundamental right of all working people. After World War II, the welfare state became an intrinsic part of the “Golden Age” of capitalism, in which universal prosperity seemed attainable. Workers' organizations frequently played a crucial role in policy decisions that promoted full employment, income stability, and equitable treatment of workers. Today's world order is quite different. Globalization in its present form is a major obstacle to work security. Globalization is not simply a market-driven phenomenon. It is a political and ideological movement that grants authority to capital over governments and labor. This transfer of authority hinders national efforts to promote work security and may impact the well-being of communities worldwide. In the absence of domestic autonomy, international labor standards are needed to protect social welfare. They should be geared toward curbing unemployment, poverty, and social exclusion in the global economy. The article looks at three initiatives to promote global work security.

scholarly journals Honoured in the Breach: Human Rights as Principles of a Past Age

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Teeple
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Leverage ◽  
National Practice ◽  
Mode Of Production

Rights define the prevailing relations that constitute a community. They are in turn defined by the character of a given mode of production, and as that changes so too the system of rights. The rights that comprise ‘human rights’ evolved in the transition from feudalism to capitalism and represent the principles of the emerging world order in the 18th and 19th centuries. Only in the aftermath of World War II with the exhaustion or defeat of the European states and Japan was it possible to declare these same principles as belonging to the whole world equally and as intrinsic to all humans - yet within national frameworks. The accumulation of capital on a global scale, however, soon began to undermine the national practice of these human rights. By the end of the 1980s the construction of regional or global ‘enabling frameworks,’ quasi-states for capital, detached from any formal or legitimate means of countervailing political leverage, made human rights appear increasingly like anachronisms. An increasingly violent usurpation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other forms of rights around the world followed. In the absence of a legitimizing set of principles for this new global economy, a growing need for a rationale to govern by fiat becomes the central problem of the day.

Globalization and Nation-State: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
V. Kuvaldin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
World Order ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Fundamental Possibility ◽  
The World

The fairly common pandemic of the coronavirus has paralyzed the global world. The material damage it inflicted amounts to trillions of dollars. It is unclear how long it will take for humanity to overcome the consequences of the most serious socio-economic crisis after the World War II. The contours of the “new normal” after the pandemic are even vaguer. The “perfect storm” of the pandemic was created by a combination of three destructive forces: the coronavirus, the cyclical crisis of the economic conjuncture, and the nefarious trends of neoliberal globalization. The political practice of neoliberalism in recent decades, which has brought the world a number of significant achievements, has created a tangle of intractable contradictions in all areas of modern life. Both of its main drivers – capital accumulation on the basis of expanded reproduction and the global hegemony of the Anglo-Saxon elite – were called into question. Issues such as a more equitable distribution of the created wealth and expanding the membership of the elite club of global regulation are going to the forefront. At the same time, protecting the environment and preventing other cataclysms that threaten the well-being and even the very existence of mankind have become urgent imperatives of the political agenda. However, it seems that the world elite is not ready for a profound correction of the existing world order yet. The most likely scenario for the foreseeable future seems to be attempts, in one form or another, to return to the unconditional hegemony of the collective West under the aegis of the United States in world affairs. This portends a turbulent decade filled with conflicts of varying severity and duration. Although there is a fundamental possibility of another, much more positive scenario for the development of globalization processes. In it, the coordinated actions of national and global elites would focus on finding solutions to the most pressing problems of the world community, namely environmental protection, human rights upholding, the unhindered development of world trade, the prevention of pandemics, and the fight against terrorism.

scholarly journals International Trade Agreements and Their Relation to Core Labor Standards

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Shuhong Yu ◽  
Malik Zia-ud-Din
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
International Trade Agreements ◽  
International Labor ◽  
International Labor Rights

The research is an attempt to comprehend with these issues and enunciate an argument that international labor rights and labor standards are a pivotal component of international trade, investment, and development strategy for the well-being of the entire society not only for the wealthy nations. Section 1 of the paper lays out unanimity of labor rights and standards depicted from different sources with evoking instances showing real concerns that have originated with the development of new universal trade. Section 2 illustrates various forums where the international labor rights assertion perhaps induced, through a discourse of multiple supervision or enforcement mechanism available under such forums. Last part of the paper concludes the study and proposes future initiatives to labor rights advocates from all discussions and further recommends new allegiances to international fair labor rights and standards by government, employers, and trade unions entered into a global economy.

Cooperation of the UN specialized agencies with the countries of the world (experience of the ILO in Uzbekistan)

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
E. Sultanova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Career Growth ◽  
Protection Of Life

Based on the study of international experience in the development of the fundamental principles of the International Labor Organization, the specifi cs of its activities, the signifi cance for national states, in particular, Uzbekistan, are revealed. The article focuses in detail on the adopted legal norms aimed at ensuring full employment and improving the standard of living, creating jobs that provide the necessary protection of life and health, the well-being of mothers and children, equal opportunities for men and women to obtain the desired housing, opportunities for education, intellectual development, and career growth.

The Norm Entrepreneurs of the 1950s and 1960s

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-80
Author(s):  
Nicolás M. Perrone
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
International Investment Law ◽  
Fair And Equitable Treatment ◽  
Foreign Private Investment ◽  
Equitable Treatment

In the post-World War II period, business leaders, bankers, and their lawyers decided it was their time to write the rules of the global economy. They felt that the nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (in 1951) and of the Suez Canal (in 1956), together with increasing state economic intervention all around the world, warranted a call for action. They formed a coalition to enable and safeguard a world of free enterprise; promoting and protecting foreign private investment was a top priority. This chapter examines who these norm entrepreneurs were, their networks, and how they captured the space of international investment law to advance their world-making project. As individuals and through professional associations, they imagined quite detailed institutions and standards for this legal field. They discussed foreign investor rights, indirect expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, the internationalization of contracts, reliance, the inadequacy of local remedies, and the crucial role of international arbitration.

Dignity Rights for a pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 174387212094451
Author(s):  
James R. May ◽  
Erin Daly
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
World Order ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right To Dignity

The concept of human dignity means, quite simply, that every person has inherent equal worth. This incontrovertible but profound concept is derived from the body of dignity law that has developed since the end of World War II at the international, regional, national, and subnational levels, where dignity has become the central axis around which law rotates. Both the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights confirm the foundational place of the recognition of human dignity in the building of the new postwar world order. Advancing human dignity also is a central premise of the binding International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and virtually all subsequent instruments addressing human well-being. The right to dignity is guaranteed by the national constitutions of more than 160 countries. Further, courts around the globe have applied the right to dignity thousands of times in cases involving issues that matter everyday to everyday people, including involving poverty, employment, marriage, adoption, incarceration, education, safety, health, discrimination, immigration, and police brutality, and many more. The pandemic wrought by Covid-19 has tested the boundaries of dignity’s role under the of law. Millions are infected. Hundreds of thousands have died. Nations have closed their borders. People are quarantined, desparate, and desparing, leading to social and economic dislocation not seen since the Great Depression. This article highlights the normative and legal dimensions of dignity, and how taking account of dignity under law can improve outcomes during the pandemic. It theorizes that, while not a cure, recognizing dignity under law can be therapeutic in these troubling times.

The World Economy through the Lens of the United Nations

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The United Nations

This volume documents the intellectual influence of the United Nations through its flagship publication, the World Economic and Social Survey (WESS) on its seventieth anniversary. Prepared at the Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) and first published in 1948 as the World Economic Report (subsequently renamed the WESS), it is the oldest continuous post-World War II publication of this kind, recording and analysing the performance of the global economy and social development trends, and offering relevant policy recommendations. This volume highlights how well WESS has tracked global economic and social conditions, and how its analyses have influenced and have been influenced by the prevailing discourse over the past seven decades. The volume critically reflects on its policy recommendations and their influence on actual policymaking and the shaping of the world economy. Although world economic and social conditions have changed significantly over the past seven decades and so have the policy recommendations of the Survey, some of its earlier recommendations remain relevant today; recommendations in WESS provided seven decades ago seem remarkably pertinent as the world currently struggles to regain high levels of employment and economic activity. Thus, in many ways, WESS was ahead of the curve on many substantive issues. Publication of this volume will enhance the interest of the wider community of policymakers, academics, development practitioners, and members of civil society in the analytical work of the UN in general and UN-DESA in particular.

Irrational Exuberance, 2004–2007

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashoka Mody
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Great Moderation ◽  
European Central ◽  
Trade Growth ◽  
Irrational Exuberance ◽  
Rate Mechanism ◽  
Economic Well Being

This chapter looks at the strong global economic recovery which took place in mid-2004, which accelerated world trade growth to historically high rates—a special advantage to European nations who all rely heavily for their economic well-being on international trade. With improved trade opportunities, even the struggling German economy began to show signs of life. The Eurozone, however, had economic and financial vulnerability. A source of instability inherent to monetary unity was vividly manifest during the crisis of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) in the early 1990s. A longer-term problem was the Eurozone's banks. Ultimately, the story of the next three years—between mid-2004 and mid-2007—revolves around a contest between the forces of “great moderation” and “irrational exuberance.” In the Eurozone, as member states benefited from an improving global economy, a belief in the European Central Bank's (ECB) distinctive ability to maintain stability reinforced the narrative of great moderation.

The Oxford History of the Novel in English

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book History ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Novel ◽  
History Of The Novel ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Volume Nine of this series traces the development of the ‘world novel’, that is, English-language novels written throughout the world, beyond Britain, Ireland, and the United States. Focusing on the period up to 1950, the volume contains survey chapters and chapters on major writers, as well as chapters on book history, publishing, and the critical contexts of the work discussed. The text covers periods from renaissance literary imaginings of exotic parts of the world like Oceania, through fiction embodying the ideology and conventions of empire, to the emergence of settler nationalist and Indigenous movements and, finally, the assimilations of modernism at the beginnings of the post-imperial world order. The book, then, contains chapters on the development of the non-metropolitan novel throughout the British world from the eighteenth to the mid twentieth centuries. This is the period of empire and resistance to empire, of settler confidence giving way to doubt, and of the rise of indigenous and post-colonial nationalisms that would shape the world after World War II.

Patents and Development in the New Global Economy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Shadlen
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Pharmaceutical Patents ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
Privately Owned

The concluding chapter reviews the main findings from the comparative case studies, synthesizes the main lessons, considers extensions of the book’s explanatory framework, and looks at emerging challenges that countries face in adjusting their development strategies to the new global economy marked by the private ownership of knowledge. Review of the key points of comparison from the case studies underscores the importance of social structure and coalitions for analyses of comparative and international political economy. Looking forward, this chapter supplements the book’s analysis of the political economy of pharmaceutical patents with discussion of additional ways that countries respond to the monumental changes that global politics of intellectual property have undergone since the 1980s. The broader focus underscores fundamental economic and political challenges that countries face in adjusting to the new world order of privately owned knowledge, and points to asymmetries in global politics that reinforce these challenges.

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