Alcohol and Metropolitan Black Teenagers

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Gay
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Aged Eleven

Many studies have dealt with the health variables of drinking among teenagers, but few have looked at Black adolescents. Data from a sample of 728 males and females aged eleven to sixteen indicated that drinkers were more likely to report health problems. The correlation between drinking and poor health was most noted among young males and older females. Drinkers reported more sleep disturbances. Tobacco use was the most positive predictor of drinking among males and pregnancy for females.

scholarly journals Polytobacco use among a nationally-representative sample of black high school students

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamika D. Gilreath ◽  
Derek T. Dangerfield ◽  
Francisco A. Montiel Ishino ◽  
Ashley V. Hill ◽  
Renee M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Background Studies of the patterns of polytobacco use have increased. However, understanding the patterns of using multiple tobacco products among Black adolescents is minimal. This study identified the patterns of polytobacco use among U.S. Black adolescents. Methods Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of adolescent polytobacco use among a representative sample of Black youth from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 2782). Ever and recent (past 30 day) use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, cigars, and dip or chewing tobacco were used as latent class indicators. Multinomial regression was conducted to identify the association if smoking adjusting for sex, age, grade, and marijuana use. Results Most students were in the 9th grade (29%), e-cigarette users (21%) and were current marijuana users (25%). Three profiles of tobacco use were identified: Class 1: Non-smokers (81%), Class 2: E-cigarette Users (14%), and Class 3: Polytobacco Users (5%). Black adolescent Polytobacco users were the smallest class, but had the highest conditional probabilities of recent cigarette use, e-cigarette use, ever smoking cigars or chewing tobacco. Ever and current use of marijuana were associated with increased odds of being in the e-cigarette user versus non-smoker group, and current marijuana use was associated with increased odds of polytobacco use (aOR = 24.61, CI = 6.95–87.11). Conclusions Findings suggests the need for targeted interventions for reducing tobacco use and examining the unique effects of polytobacco use on Black adolescents. Findings confirm a significant association of marijuana use with tobacco use.

Dispersal patterns in a regional koala population in south-east Queensland

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Dique ◽  
Jim Thompson ◽  
Harriet J. Preece ◽  
Deidré L. de Villiers ◽  
Frank N. Carrick
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Social ◽  
Straight Line Distance ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Natal Home

Koala dispersal was investigated as part of a detailed ecological study of a nationally significant koala population located 20 km south-east of Brisbane, Queensland. From 1996 to 2000, 195 koalas from three sites were captured and fitted with radio-collars. A total of 40 koalas (23 males and 17 females) dispersed from these sites. Most (93%) dispersing individuals were 20–36 months of age. Three adult females (more than 36 months old) dispersed and no adult males dispersed during the study. A significantly higher proportion of young males dispersed than females. Dispersal occurred between June and December, with most dispersal of males commencing in July and August and that of females commencing between September and November prior to, and early in, the annual breeding season. The mean straight-line distance between the natal and breeding home ranges for males and females was similar and was measured at 3.5 km (range 1.1–9.7 km) and 3.4 km (range 0.3–10.6 km) respectively. Dispersing males and females tended to successfully disperse south and west of their natal home ranges and were generally unable to successfully disperse to urban areas within the study area, as a high proportion of the mortality of dispersing koalas was associated with attacks by domestic dogs and with collisions with vehicles on roads. Information from other studies indicates that most young koalas disperse from their natal areas. It is likely that the social behaviour and mating systems of koala populations provide mechanisms for young koalas to disperse. The potential role of dispersal in the dynamics of regional koala populations is discussed.

Mental Health Problems and Help-Seeking among Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
E.V. Rezun ◽  
◽  
H.R. Slobodskaya ◽  
N.B. Semenova ◽  
T.O. Rippinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Seeking Help

The mental health problems among adolescents have long-lasting effects throughout life. However, research evidence indicates that only 10–30% of adolescents who needed mental health care had received specialized help. The present study reports the prevalence of mental health problems and help-seeking among adolescents, taking into account gender and age differences. The sample included 1752 adolescents (47 % boys,) aged 12-17 years. Data were collected on in two Siberian cities (Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk) using an international self-report questionnaire developed for the school-based Eurasian Child Mental Health Study. Participants were recruited from 18 schools, students completed questionnaires anonymously during school lessons. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple regression analysis, and crosstabs using a chi-squared test. The level of emotional and behavioral problems in Siberian adolescents was slightly higher than that found in European and Asian countries. Twenty three percent of adolescents reported frequent headaches (at least once a week), 11 % reported frequent abdominal pain and 14% suffered from frequent sleep disturbances (3–5 times a week or more). Girls reported a significantly higher level of problems than boys, with the largest gender differences for emotional problems, recurrent pains and sleep disturbances. Weekly consumption of alcohol and daily use of nicotine among boys was more common than among girls (3 % and 6 %, respectively), whereas less frequent use of alcohol and nicotine was commoner in girls (16 %) than in boys (10 %); 7 % of boys and girls had tried drugs at least once. Suicidal thoughts were reported by 22 % of adolescents, 6 % reported suicide attempts and 6 % reported repeated self-harm. One third of adolescents considered seeking outside help and 9 % had actually done so. Girls reported more help-seeking than boys; older girls sought help more often than younger and middle-aged ones. Around one third of adolescents sought help from their relatives; 26 % from friends, the Internet or other non-professional sources; 5 % reported seeking help from a doctor or nurse, and 3 % from a psychologist. The most important independent predictors of seeking help were emotional symptoms, suicidal ideation and hyperactivity/inattention. The results suggest a need for future investigation of the factors associated with help-seeking behavior among adolescents. It is also necessary to develop mental health promotion programs for adolescents, interventions to improve mental health literacy and access to mental health care.

Suicide and unemployment in young people

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gunnell ◽  
Tom Lopatatzidis ◽  
Daniel Dorling ◽  
Helen Wehner ◽  
Humphrey Southall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secular Trends ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
Recession Rates ◽  
Unemployment Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Old Men

BackgroundThe influence of the macro-economic climate on suicide is unclear. During the recent recession, rates have increased in young males but declined in females.AimsTo investigate associations between unemployment and suicide in 15 – to 44-year-old men and women over a period spanning two major economic recessions (1921–1995). To minimise confounding by changes in method availability, analyses are restricted to suicides using methods other than poisons and gases.MethodTime-series analysis using routine mortality and unemployment data.ResultsThere were significant associations between unemployment and suicide in both males and females. Associations were generally stronger at younger ages.ConclusionsSecular trends in youth suicide may be influenced by unemployment or other factors associated with changes in the macroeconomic climate. These factors appear to affect women to the same extent as men. Although it is not possible to draw firm aetiological conclusions from time-trend data, our findings are in keeping with those of person-based studies.

scholarly journals Cigarette smoking and Awareness of Oral Health Problems of Tobacco use among Students at the University of Port Harcourt, South-South Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Braimoh Omoigberai Bashiru ◽  
Umanah Ayamma Udo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The University ◽  
Shared Risk

ABSTRACT Objectives Cigarette smoking is recognized as the most important environmental risk factor in periodontitis and also an important risk factor for oral cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking and awareness of oral health problems of tobacco use among university students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Materials and methods The study population consisted of 360 young adults: 188 (52.2%) males and 172 (47.8%) females. Participants answered questions regarding demography, smoking behavior, attitude and on oral effect of smoking. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (New York, USA) statistics version 20.0 and test of significance done using Chi-square. Results The overall prevalence of smoking was 78 (21.7%): 52 (27.7%) in males and 26 (15.1%) in females. Males significantly smoked more than females (p = 0.002). Fifty-one (65.4%) of the current smokers commenced smoking in secondary school, 39 (50%) had smoked for 6 to 10 years, 54 (69.2%) consumed one to five sticks of cigarettes per day and among those who quitted smoking, 39 (52%) stopped smoking for health reasons. While 262 (72.8%) were ignorant that smoking was harmful to oral health, 223 (61.9%) and 278 (77.2%) respectively could not identify smoking as a risk factor for oral cancers and gum disease. Conclusion Though majority of the students were aware of the negative impact of smoking on general health, most of them were ignorant of the effect on oral health. Therefore, shared risk approach should be employed to inform, guide and educate the public on the effects of tobacco and in the campaign against its use. How to cite this article Bashiru BO, Udo UA. Cigarette smoking and Awareness of Oral Health Problems of Tobacco use among Students at the University of Port Harcourt, South- South Nigeria. World J Dent 2014;5(4):209-212.

scholarly journals Polytobacco Use Among a Nationally-Representative Sample of Black Adolescents 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamika D. Gilreath ◽  
Derek T. Dangerfield ◽  
Francisco A. Montiel Ishino ◽  
Ashley V. Hill ◽  
Renee M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Introduction. Studies of the patterns of polytobacco use have increased. However, understanding the patterns of using multiple tobacco products among Black adolescents is minimal. This study identified the patterns of polytobacco use among U.S. Black adolescents. Methods. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of adolescent polytobacco use among a representative sample of Black youth from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n=2,782). Ever and recent (past 30 day) use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, cigars, and dip or chewing tobacco were used as latent class indicators. Multinomial regression was conducted to identify the association if smoking adjusting for sex, age, grade, and marijuana use.Results. Most students were in the 9th grade (29%), e-cigarette users (21%) and were current marijuana users (25%). Three profiles of tobacco use were identified: Class 1: Non-smokers (81%), Class 2: E-cigarette Users (14%), and Class 3: Polytobacco Users (5%). Black adolescent Polytobacco users were the smallest class, but had the highest conditional probabilities of recent cigarette use, e-cigarette use, ever smoking cigars or chewing tobacco. Ever and current use of marijuana were associated with increased odds of being in the e-cigarette user versus non-smoker group, and current marijuana use was associated with increased odds of polytobacco use (aOR=24.61, CI=6.95-87.11). Conclusions. Findings suggests the need for targeted interventions for reducing tobacco use and examining the unique effects of polytobacco use on Black adolescents. Findings confirm a significant association of marijuana use with tobacco use.

scholarly journals Hormonal Regulation of the Dry Eye.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract For protection of environmental insults and clear vision the outer most surface (the cornea) of the human eye has to be kept moist with the secretion of the lacrimal gland. During old age (in both the genders) and certain physiological conditions (in females) the pathophysiological conditions of lacrimal gland alter which results in Dry/Wet eye. Most of the menopausal women and young males and females face dry eye disorder due to environmental insults and therefore, we hypothesize that the acinar cells of lacrimal gland should have estrogen receptors. In support of this earlier we have localized estrogen receptors on eye lens epithelial cells that also regulated by sex steroid hormones.

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