Are Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Norms on Death Anxiety Valid?

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Beshai
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Life Review ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Inner Sense ◽  
Empirical Fact ◽  
Language And Communication ◽  
Cultural Comparisons

Cross-cultural comparisons of norms derived from research on Death Anxiety are valid as long as they provide existential validity. Existential validity is not empirically derived like construct validity. It is an understanding of being human unto death. It is the realization that death is imminent. It is the inner sense that provides a responder to death anxiety scales with a valid expression of his or her sense about the prospect of dying. It can be articulated in a life review by a disclosure of one's ontology. This article calls upon psychologists who develop death anxiety scales to disclose their presuppositions about death before administering a questionnaire. By disclosing his or her ontology a psychologist provides a means of disclosing his or her intentionality in responding to the items. This humanistic paradigm allows for an interactive participation between investigator and subject. Lester, Templer, and Abdel-Khalek (2006–2007) enriched psychology with significant empirical data on several correlates of death anxiety. But all scientists, especially psychologists, will always have alternative interpretations of the same empirical fact pattern. Empirical data is limited by the affirmation of the consequent limitation. A phenomenology of language and communication makes existential validity a necessary step for a broader understanding of the meaning of death anxiety.

Some Reliability and Validity Considerations on Australian Data from the Death Anxiety Scale

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Warren ◽  
P. N. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Australian Context ◽  
Do So

Data derived from an administration of the Death Anxiety Scale [1] to Australian samples is analyzed with a view to providing comparative cross-cultural observations as well as some indication of realiability and validity in the Australian context. Measures of central tendency and dispersion and sex differences were found to be comparable with other surveys of similar groups to those of the present study. The Scale does not appear to suffer from acquisence set, is internally reliable and groups that would be expected to score lower than others, do so – providing some indication of construct validity. The Scale is not “factorially-pure,” however, and at least three “sub-scales” can be identified. These sub-scales are analyzed and discussed.

Statistical Techniques for Making Cross-Cultural Comparisons on Organizational Instruments

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Tanesia R. Beverly
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Cultural Comparisons ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Psychological Instruments

Researchers tend to evaluate psychological instruments in terms of reliability (internal consistency) and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis). In many instances, these instruments are used for cross-cultural comparisons such as gender and race—however, many of these studies do not provide evidence of measurement invariance or measurement equivalence. Measurement equivalence is a statistical property of an instrument that indicates that participants interpret and respond to the items similarly or that the same latent construct is being measured across observed groups of people. Partial measurement equivalence is a necessary condition for comparing latent mean differences across cultures. This area of construct validity is often neglected in the literature; therefore, this chapter aims to introduce the concept of measurement invariance. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of testing for measurement invariance when making cross-cultural comparisons on organizational leadership instruments.

Gender and Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Psychological Wellness in Children and Adolescents

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octaviana I. P. Hemmy Asamsama ◽  
Leesa V. Huang ◽  
R. Brett Nelson ◽  
Naoko Kadoma ◽  
Kyongboon Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Psychological Wellness ◽  
Cultural Comparisons

RANCANG BANGUN DAN VALIDASI LEMBAR KAJI IDENTITAS PROFESIONAL PERAWAT ISLAM INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Christmas Warastiko ◽  
Sapti H. Widiyarti
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Transcultural Nursing ◽  
Nursing Competence ◽  
Professional Nurses ◽  
Nurse Professional

ABSTRAK Indonesia dikenal dengan negara yang memiliki beragam suku, budaya, dan bahasa. Pada tahun 2010, data jumlah penduduk Indonesia yang paling terakhir menyatakan jumlah penduduk Indonesia sebesar 237,56 juta jiwa dengan 85.1% nya beragama Islam dan 288.405 penduduknya berprofesi sebagai seorang perawat. Pemahaman perawat tentang keperawatan transkultural saat ini sangatlah dibutuhkan. Agama, salah satu dari tujuh faktor yang menurut Leininger memiliki andil besar dalam mempengaruhi perilaku dan sikap para perawat maupun para klien. Simanjuntak (2011) berdasarkan studi kualitatif mengutarakan 13 karakteristik yang perlu di validasi sebagai karakteristik dari perawat Islam saat melakukan perawatan kepada klien. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memvalidasi butir-butir gambaran identitas profesional perawat Islam Indonesia melalui rancang bangun dari lembar kaji. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah validasi kuesioner terhadap faktor rancang bangun, dimensi dan construct validity. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pilot study terlebih dahulu di Rumah Sakit Cibabat dan Rumah Sakit Imanuel dengan kemudian meminta responden untuk mengisi kuesioner serta memberikan komentar terhadap setiap butir-butir pernyataan, Data aktual berasal dari Rumah Sakit Santosa Bandung, Rumah Sakit Meilia Cibubur, dan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Koja Jakarta dengan cara meminta responden untuk mengisi kuesioner. Sampel dipilih dengan menggunakan metode snowballing kepada perawat Islam Indonesia yang bekerja di Bandung dan Jakarta. Data dianalisa dengan Cronbach α, didapatkan hasil pada uji validitas terhadap 13 karakteristik identitas profesional perawat Islam Indonesia masing-masing memiliki nilai Cronbach α >0,70. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan agar perawat Islam Indonesia dapat menjadi perawat yang profesional dalam mengkaji diri agar dapat menuju keperawatan lintas budaya yang berkompetensi.   Kata Kunci: Validasi, Identitas Profesional, Perawat Islam Indonesia.   ABSTRACT Indonesia is known as a country with diverse in ethnic, cultural, and dialect. The population of Indonesian as declared in 2010 is 237.56 million, with 85.1% of them are Muslims and 288.405 people work as nurses. Religion is one of the seven factors that according Leininger determined the behavior and attitudes of nurses and clients. Therefore, understanding of transcultural nursing is imperatively necessary. In a qualitative study, Simanjuntak (2011) states 13 characteristics of Indonesian Islam nurse professional identity need to be validated. This study conducted to validate the grains picture of Indonesian Islam nurses professional identity through the design of identity assessment tool. This study validates the identity assessment tool, its design, dimensions and the construct validity. Pilot study was done in the Cibabat Hospital and Immanuel Hospital, and the actual data were collected from Santosa Bandung Hospital, Meilia Cibubur Hospital, and the Koja General Hospital in Jakarta. Samples were selected using snow-ball method among Islam nurses who work in Bandung and Jakarta. The result obtained on the validity of the 13 characteristics of professional identity of Indonesian Islam professional nurses with the value of Cronbach α> 0.70. The results of this study suggest that Indonesian Islam nurses can become a professional nurse in assessing themselves in order to lead a cross-cultural nursing competence. Keywords: Validation, Professional Identity, Indonesian Islam Nurses.

Implementation of the Cross-Cultural Approach in the Modern School

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-244
Author(s):  
Natalia P Dichek ◽  
Igor M Kopotun ◽  
Svitlana M Shevchenko ◽  
Natalia B Antonets ◽  
Daria V Pohribna
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Experimental Group

High-quality interaction on a personal or educational, professional level is possible in today’s world only through enhanced cultural exchange. It is based on the principles of intercultural tolerance and mutual enrichment. The cross-cultural identity of a student’s personality provides for psychological openness to interact with other cultures without losing one’s own national or ethnic identity. Evidence of the effective application of the cross-cultural approach in the education of schoolchildren is the high-level cross-cultural competence (CCС). Aims. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of a cross-cultural approach to the organization of the educational process in senior school. Methods: general scientific method, molding experiment, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data obtained through diagnostic methodic of the experiment, statistical and mathematical interpretation of empirical data and their representation in the visual (table, diagrams) form, functional analysis of the data (while generalizing empirical data and making conclusions). Results. Effective, complex (multicomponent) models of primary (input) and secondary (output) diagnostics of CCC were developed. A model of an integrated school environment aimed at intensifying the CCC was also defined. Secondary diagnostics revealed a tendency to improve CCC in both groups. However, the percentage increase in the level of CCC was 4 times greater in the experimental group, than the level of the control group (+ 4.3% vs. + 17.8%, respectively). The mean values of CCC in the experimental group were confidently at a Good Level (85.7%), that is improved by one order. CCC in the control group was detected at 73.0% (within the Sufficient Level of CCC). The relationship between the level of CCC and the level of foreign language proficiency is proved: CCC is higher in respondents with higher academic achievements in foreign languages. Conclusions. The implementation of a cross-cultural approach to the curricula of school-age children requires close attention of scholars and qualified practical support by the staff of the school. It is advisable to implement a cross-cultural approach in the context of modern schooling through the tactics of facilitation and multicultural modelling. The modern information age opens new horizons for the implementation of the cross-cultural approach in modern schools. Prospects. Further research on the topic involve the effectiveness of integrated learning tactics to increase CCC at other levels of school education, taking into account the variability of the interdisciplinary component (for example, involving also potential of Geography to develop and impove CCC).

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