Participation in Leisure Activities by Older Adults after a Stressful Life Event: The Loss of a Spouse

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Perceived Health Status ◽  
Lower Stress ◽  
Leisure Participation ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Australian City

This study aimed to establish if frequent participation in leisure activities helped widows and widowers adapt to widowhood, and to maintain lower stress levels. A small sample of sixty recently bereaved widows ( n = 43) and widowers ( n = 17) who were living in an Australian city were selected for the study. Their ages ranged from fifty to eight-four years with a mean age of sixty-four years. Each widow or widower was interviewed and provided responses to three scales measuring participation in leisure activities, adaptation to widowhood, and stress. Quantitative and qualitative research techniques were used to interpret the data. The leisure activities most frequently participated in by widows and widowers were found to be home based activities, involving social activities with family and friends. Greater participation in leisure activities was found to be negatively correlated with stress scores, suggesting an association between leisure participation and stress reduction for recently bereaved widows and widowers. However, the study failed to find any association between participation in leisure activities and adaptation after the death of a spouse. In addition, no significant differences were found in the age, gender, income, and type of employment of widows and widowers, although perceived health status was found to be a significant factor in helping to determine future participation in leisure activities.

Leisure participation and satisfaction in autistic adults and neurotypical adults

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor-Leigh Stacey ◽  
Elspeth H Froude ◽  
Julian Trollor ◽  
Kitty-Rose Foley
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Leisure Satisfaction ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Leisure Participation ◽  
Autistic Adults

Leisure participation is important for well-being and has been attributed to improved quality of life for autistic individuals. Rigorous studies exploring the leisure participation of autistic adults are sparse. This study aimed to compare the type of leisure activity and frequency of participation between autistic adults and neurotypical adults as well as compare and identify factors associated with their leisure satisfaction. Data for 145 autistic and 104 neurotypical adults were obtained from time point one of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Adults with Autism. The primary outcome measure used was the Leisure Satisfaction Scale. Autistic adults were less satisfied with their leisure overall (mean = 3.29, standard deviation = 0.75) compared with neurotypical adults (mean = 3.69, standard deviation = 0.55). Multiple linear regression revealed being younger and reporting less depressive symptoms were significantly associated with higher leisure satisfaction in autistic but not neurotypical adults. Engagement in solitary leisure activities was comparable across participants, but socialising in person was predominated by neurotypical adults. Leisure activity preferences of autistic adults’ and the frequency of their leisure participation are important factors for clinicians to understand when working with this population and tailoring well-being interventions.

scholarly journals Time allocation to active daily domains, physical activity, and health indicators in older adults: Cross-sectional results from the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imke Stalling ◽  
Birte Marie Albrecht ◽  
Friederike Doerwald ◽  
Karin Bammann
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Objectively Measured

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) is one of the key determinants of healthy ageing. Research showed that time allocation plays an important role in PA. Therefore, an understanding of the time use of older adults is crucial for developing PA programs. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of time allocation and objectively measured PA, and several health indicators in older adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study all 915 participants of the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study were included. The participants were 65 to 75 years old and resided in a subdistrict of Bremen, Germany (50.9% female). The active daily domains were derived from the SLOTH model (leisure activities, occupation, active transport, home-based activities). PA was objectively measured with accelerometers over seven consecutive days. Binary logistic regressions were used to test the associations of total PA and time spent in the domains with several health indicators (self-rated health, overweight, obesity, activities of daily living (ADL), handgrip strength). Results Participants over the age of 70 years were significantly less physically active than those under 70 years and women were significantly more physically active than men. Regardless of age and sex, most time was spent on home-based activities (women: 118.5 ± 87.8 min/day; men: 80.2 ± 69.4 min/day). Both PA and time spent on leisure activities were associated with a lower risk of bad self-rated health (0.36; 95%-CL: 0.20, 0.65 for PA; 0.93; 95%-CL: 0.87, 0.99 for leisure activities) and less limitations in ADL. PA and active transport seemed to lower the risk of overweight (0.39; 95%-CL: 0.25, 0.62 for PA; 0.80; 95%-CL: 0.69, 0.93 for active transport) and obesity (0.36; 95%-CL: 0.21, 0.60 for PA; 0.77; 95%-CL: 0.64, 0.92 for active transport). Having an occupation was associated with a lower risk of bad self-rated health (0.60; 95%-CL: 0.40, 0.92). Conclusions The results of this study provide insights in the time allocation to active daily domains and total PA of older adults, as well as the associations with health indicators. These findings have important implications for the development of PA programs. Future research should examine the associations further in longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals Sensory Processing as a Predictor of Leisure Participation in Early Adolescents

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1005
Author(s):  
Young-Eun Choi ◽  
Hyerim Jung
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Leisure Participation ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
The Relationship

Sensory processing may be associated with adolescents’ preferences for different leisure activities. However, knowledge about how different sensory processing patterns may relate to adolescents’ participation in leisure activities is scarce. This study sought to investigate the relationship between sensory processing and leisure participation in early adolescents. Study participants were typical early adolescents aged from 11 to 12 years (mean = 11.88 ± 0.33, n = 140). The Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) and Children’s Assessment for Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) were used to determine the participants’ sensory processing abilities. Correlational and multiple regression methods were employed to analyze the relationship between sensory processing and leisure participation. There were significant positive relationships between sensory seeking and participation (r = 0.177–0.350, p = 0.000–0.037). There were also significant negative relationships between low registration, sensory sensitivity, and overall participation (r = −0.202, p = 0.017, r = −0.212, p = 0.012). We found that formal activities, skill-based activities, and self-improvement activities were the main distinguishing factors between sensory processing types. Results suggest that sensation seeking and sensory sensitivity from the AASP were predictive of leisure participation. This study provides evidence to inform practices regarding the association of sensory processing and leisure participation and supports the need for assessing sensory processing in early adolescents.

scholarly journals Leisure and Tourism in the Health Concept of Women and Their Health Misconceptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zoé Mónika Lipták ◽  
Klára Tarkó
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Health Concepts ◽  
Societal Dimensions

The pursuit of good health continues to be a popular pursuit in the 21st century, however not everyone understands it in the holistic sense which encompasses physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social, and societal dimensions. Further, many do not understand how these dimensions influence their health, which leads to misconceptions and making faulty choices in healthy lifestyle practices. Leisure is strongly correlated to health and leisure activities which have been shown to have both direct and indirect effects on one’s health. Research also indicates gender inequalities in leisure disadvantage women disproportionately. This paper first summarizes the understandings of misconceptions, health, leisure, tourism, and their intersections, then introduces a small sample pilot study on the health concepts and misconceptions of female university students in Hungary.

scholarly journals Curriculum Development and Pilot Program of Preconception Planning for Latinas

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esperanza Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Home Based ◽  
March Of Dimes ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The U.S

<p>Preconception planning is gaining popularity and is a promising method of improving pregnancy outcomes. The need to incorporate this kind of education in various settings is also identified in the literature. According to the March of Dimes, between 2004-2006 Hispanics had one of the highest preterm birth rate of 12.1% in the U.S. and 13.6o/o in RI (March of Dimes, 2009). In addition, during the same years RI statistics on low birth weight infants among Hispanics were 8.3% and 6.9% in the U.S. Healthy People 2010 suggested that this rate should be no more than 5% of live births. A preconception planning program connected with Latina women who were involved in a home based education program at a local community agency. This program used interactive learning, role play, and self-management skills aimed to empower participants by educating them about their health and future pregnancies. The selected educational topics included nutrition, exercise, stress reduction, lead, mercury, influenza and HPV vaccines, smoking and alcohol. Information about health and social services in the community were also provided. Most of the program participants demonstrated improvement in the post-test scores. The challenges faced by this program included lack of consistency in attendance and participants' difficulties answering open-ended questions. More emphasis on education for the minority population is recommended to improve maternal and child health outcomes. In addition, increasing cultural competency and diversity among the nursing profession is critical to improving outcomes.</p>

scholarly journals Mindfulness-Based Reduction Stress Reduction for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Depressive Symptoms: a Pilot Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Isabelle Gaboury ◽  
Patricia Dobkin ◽  
Pasquale Roberge ◽  
Marie-Claude Beaulieu ◽  
Pierre Dagenais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Sf 36

Background : Despite their efficacy at controlling joint inflammation, current treatments of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leave up to 40% of patients into non-remission. Non-remission, frequently due to persistently negative self-reported impact of RA, was found to be associated with significant persistent depressive symptoms 6-7 months after initiation of arthritis treatment. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is proposed to improve depressive symptoms and RA-related clinical outcomes. To pave the way for an eventual randomized controlled trial, a feasibility and acceptability study of MBSR has been realized. Methods: A standardized 8-week MBSR program was offered to groups of patients with controlled inflammatory disease but high levels of depressive symptoms.Qualitative interviews based on a theoretical framework of acceptability were conducted. Change in depressive symptoms (CES-D tool), fatigue and pain (SF-36), anxiety (GAD-7), pain, disease activity (PtVAS and SDAI scores) was measured over a 6-month period. Results: 27 patients have been recruited (3 distinct MBSR groups). Factors leading to a higher rate of success in recruitment were identified. Despite the small sample, the intervention was found to have a clear impact on depressive symptoms (p=0.004), anxiety (p=0.005), and social functioning (from the SF-36; p=0.04). Patients reported that MBSR gave them the opportunity to control their reactions in face of stressful situations.Perceptions were almost uniformly positive towards MBSR, and most appear to have integrated some part of the intervention in their daily life. Conclusions: Although recruitment was challenging, a MBSR trial on depressed patients with controlled inflammatory disease was found acceptable and feasible within this population. Preliminary clinical results showed positive impacts of such intervention.  

scholarly journals ‘I’m doing it for myself’: Using a smartphone-based exercise service during the COVID-19 lockdown in the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Demitri Constantinou ◽  
Georgia Torres ◽  
Natalia Neophytou ◽  
Peter Fourie ◽  
Xenia Buntting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The University

Background: Sufficient physical activity (PA) lowers poor health outcomes, with data showing these protective effects in populations under varying levels of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. The advent of online PA programmes has created novel opportunities to offset the deleterious effects of inactivity. However, data are limited and the readiness and acceptance of such technology is unknown. These authors nevertheless noted an opportunity to investigate this approach based on promising emerging data at the time of the hard lockdown in South Africa. Objective: This exploratory study investigated the engagement and perceptions of a smartphone application to promote health and fitness in a sample of employees at a South African university. Methods: Employed members of staff (n=15) of the University of the Witwatersrand were recruited through email invitation during the hard Level 5 COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. Individualised home-based PA programmes were prescribed through a mobile application for a period of eight weeks. Researchers qualified in Biokinetics provided online supervision of the exercise sessions during the intervention. Participants were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire about their use of the application. Thematic analysis was used to understand these responses. Results: Lack of motivation was perceived to have a negative effect on participation in the online PA programme. Only one participant reported using the mobile application consistently during the study period, while half of the participants reported having trouble with the usage of the application. The participants frequently mentioned the need for technical support and further engagement from the clinicians supervising the PA programme to ensure use and progression. Staff identified issues with connectivity and already having too many phone applications (apps) amongst the reasons for the technical difficulties. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the challenges and potential for the uptake of online PA interventions during COVID-19 and, despite its small sample size, the data provide important lessons learned that will be used as information in further investigations.

scholarly journals Leisure Activity Preferences of Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy in Iran and the Quality of Their Participation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-292
Author(s):  
Alireza Amiri ◽  
◽  
Minoo Kalantari ◽  
Mehdi Rezaee ◽  
Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Leisure Participation ◽  
Discrepancy Score ◽  
Iranian Children

Objectives: To investigate whether Iranian children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) participate in their preferred leisure activities. Methods: A group of children and adolescents (n=152; 59.2% male; aged 7-17 years; Mean±SD of age was 10.93±3.46 years old) diagnosed with CP (39.5% hemiplegic; 28.9% quadriplegic; 31.6% diplegic) were selected to complete the children’s assessment of participation and the enjoyment (CAPE) and Preference for Activities of Children (PAC) questionnaires. Results: Recreational and social activities were the most preferred (PAC mean score=2.13±0.40; 2.08±0.40, respectively), and active-physical activities were the least preferred (PAC mean score=1.60±0.46). Preferences were strongly correlated with leisure participation (P<0.001), although there were still discrepancies between them. A discrepancy score was introduced, and skill-based activities demonstrated the highest discrepancy score (discrepancy mean score=3.39±2.97). Discussion: Greater preferences for leisure activities are linked with a higher frequency of participation but, that does not necessarily mean that children and adolescents with CP always participate in their most preferred leisure activities. They sometimes cannot participate in their preferred leisure activities and sometimes participate in activities that they do not like. Occupational therapists are encouraged to consider these findings to design more effective plans to achieve improved participation outcomes.

scholarly journals Time allocation to active domains, physical activity, and health indicators in older adults: cross-sectional results from the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imke Stalling ◽  
Birte Marie Albrecht ◽  
Friederike Doerwald ◽  
Karin Bammann
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Objectively Measured

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) is one of the key determinants of healthy ageing. Research showed that time allocation plays an important role in PA. Therefore, an understanding of the time use of older adults is crucial for developing PA programs. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of time allocation and objectively measured PA, and several health indicators in older adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study all 915 participants of the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study were included. The participants were 65 to 75 years old and resided in a subdistrict of Bremen, Germany (50.9% female). The active domains were derived from the SLOTH model (leisure activities, occupation, active transport, home-based activities). PA was objectively measured with accelerometers over seven consecutive days. Binary logistic regressions were used to test the associations of total PA and time spent in the domains with several health indicators (self-rated health, overweight, obesity, activities of daily living (ADL)). Results Participants over the age of 70 years were significantly less physically active than those under 70 years and women were significantly more physically active than men. Regardless of age and sex, most time was spent on home-based activities (women: 118.5 ± 87.8 min/day; men: 80.2 ± 69.4 min/day). Both PA and time spent on leisure activities were associated with a lower risk of bad self-rated health (0.36; 95%-CL: 0.20, 0.65 for PA; 0.93; 95%-CL: 0.87, 0.99 for leisure activities) and less limitations in ADL. PA and active transport seemed to lower the risk of overweight (0.39; 95%-CL: 0.25, 0.62 for PA; 0.80; 95%-CL: 0.69, 0.93 for active transport) and obesity (0.36; 95%-CL: 0.21, 0.60 for PA; 0.77; 95%-CL: 0.64, 0.92 for active transport). Having an occupation was associated with a lower risk of bad self-rated health (0.60; 95%-CL: 0.40, 0.92). Conclusions The results of this study provide insights in the time allocation to active domains and total PA of older adults, as well as the associations with health indicators. These findings have important implications for the development of PA programs and guidelines. Future research should examine the associations further in longitudinal studies.

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