Stress Related Factors among Primary and Part-Time Caregiving Grandmothers of Kenyan Grandchildren

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Odhiambo Oburu ◽  
Kerstin Palmérus
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Total Stress ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Perceived Availability ◽  
Behavioral Difficulty ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Time Basis

The present study examined whether the total stress experienced by 241 caregiving grandmothers was linked to levels of care provided, child behavioral difficulty, and perceived availability of emotional and instrumental support. One hundred and twenty eight of these participants adopted their orphaned grandchildren on full-time basis. The rest ( n = 113) were grandmothers providing partial parenting roles in households that also included one of these children's biological parents. The results indicated that the full-time grandmothers experienced significantly higher levels of stress than did the part-time caregivers. The total stress experienced was related to these participants' perception of child behavioral difficulty and limited instrumental support.

scholarly journals The engagement and retention of non-profit employees in Belgium and South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Renard ◽  
Robin J. Snelgar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Depth Interviews

Orientation: A lack of qualitative research exists that investigates work engagement and retention within Belgium and South Africa, particularly within the non-profit sector.Research purpose: The study aimed to gather in-depth qualitative data pertaining to the factors that promote work engagement and retention amongst non-profit employees working within these two countries.Motivation for the study: Because of scarce funding and resources, non-profit organisations are pressured to retain their talented employees, with high levels of turnover being a standard for low-paid, human-service positions. However, when individuals are engaged in their work, they display lower turnover intentions, suggesting the importance of work engagement in relation to retention.Research design, approach and method: Non-probability purposive and convenience sampling was used to organise in-depth interviews with 25 paid non-profit employees working on either a full-time or a part-time basis within Belgium and South Africa. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data produced.Main findings: Participants were found to be absorbed in, dedicated to and energised by their work, and revealed numerous aspects promoting their retention including working towards a purpose, finding fulfilment in their tasks and working in a caring environment.Practical/managerial implications: Non-profit organisations should develop positive work environments for their employees to sustain their levels of work engagement, as well as place significance on intrinsic rewards in order to retain employees.Contribution: This study provides insights into the means by which non-profit employees across two nations demonstrate their enthusiasm, pride and involvement in the work that they perform. It moreover sheds light on the factors contributing to such employees intending to leave or stay within the employment of their organisations.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Older Learners in Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis A. Cummins ◽  
J. Scott Brown ◽  
Peter Riley Bahr ◽  
Nader Mehri
Keyword(s):  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Postsecondary Institutions ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Older Learners ◽  
Public College ◽  
Enrollment Trends ◽  
Education Data ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Time Basis

Recent years have seen growing recognition of the importance of a college-educated workforce to meet the needs of employers and ensure economic growth. Lifelong learning, including completing a postsecondary credential, increasingly is necessary to improve employment outcomes among workers, both old and young, who face rising demands for new and improved skills. To satisfy these needs, many states have established postsecondary completion goals pertaining to the segments of their population ages 25 to 64 years. Although it is not always clear how completion goals will be attained for older students, it is widely recognized that community colleges will play an important role. Here, we use data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) to examine enrollment trends by part-time and full-time status for students enrolled in Ohio’s public postsecondary institutions from 2006 to 2014. Unlike previous research that considers all students 25 and older as a homogeneous group, we divide older learners into two groups: ages 25 to 39 and ages 40 to 64. We find that adults in these age groups who attend a public college are more likely to attend a community college than they are a 4-year institution and are more likely to attend on a part-time basis. We discuss the implications of these trends and their relevance to college administrators.

Anthropologists and Broadcasting: Roles and Entry Strategies

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Eiselein ◽  
Martin Topper
Keyword(s):  
Regular Part ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Entry Strategies ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Full Time Employment

The article describes some of the roles open to anthropologists in radio and television. These roles range from roles which are occupied only on an occasional basis, to a regular part-time basis, to full-time employment within the industry. Entry strategies for occupying these roles include taking the first step in approaching the broadcast station, learning about broadcasting, and communicating anthropology to the broadcasters.

Parenting stress and self-reported discipline strategies of Kenyan caregiving grandmothers

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Odhiambo Oburu ◽  
Kerstin Palmérus
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Total Stress ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Child Age

The present study examined the discipline methods used and personal and social determinants of power assertive strategies amongst 113 part-time and 128 full-time adoptive grandmothers of Kenyan children aged 1–10 years. Most of these children had been orphaned by AIDS. Evidence obtained from the study suggested that these caregivers’ employment of power assertive strategies were linked to the total stress experienced, educational attainment, and child age but not to the gender of children adopted. The results also indicated a higher prevalence of the assertive and behaviour modification strategies amongst participants over the mean age of 62 years, respondents having basic education (1–12yrs), and those dealing with transgressions of children aged 6 years and above. Coercive verbal forms of control were mainly used by younger grandmothers, or caregivers of children aged less than 6 years. The least preferred inductive strategies were employed by younger respondents, persons lacking formal education, or those dealing with children of both gender aged below 6 years. These findings suggested that the antecedents of power assertive strategies lay both within personal and contextual factors.

Men Taking Up Career Leave: An Opportunity for a Better Work and Family Life Balance?

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
JESSIE VANDEWEYER ◽  
IGNACE GLORIEUX
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Career Break ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Do So

AbstractIn 2004, 9 per cent of female employees took advantage of the system of ‘career break’ or ‘time credit’ in Flanders, compared to only 3 per cent of male workers. Although the number of men taking a career break is increasing, they remain a small group. In this article the time use of men interrupting their careers full-time or part-time is compared to that of full-time working men, using representative time use data from 2004. Analyses show that a career break does not imply a reduced workload. Half of the men interrupting their career full-time do so to try out another job. Men who take part-time leave are mainly motivated by their desire for a better work and family life balance. About 80 per cent of the time they gain by working on a part-time basis is allocated to household and childcare activities. This suggests that encouraging men to work fewer hours could well be the best policy for achieving gender equality.

scholarly journals Why do men extend their employment beyond pensionable age more often than women? a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saana Myllyntausta ◽  
Marianna Virtanen ◽  
Jaana Pentti ◽  
Mika Kivimäki ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Part Time ◽  
High Work

AbstractMen extend their employment beyond pensionable age more often than women, but the factors that contribute to this sex difference are unknown. This study aimed to examine sex differences in extending employment and the contribution of sociodemographic, work- and health-related factors to these differences. Participants of this prospective cohort study were 4,263 public sector employees from Finland who reached their individual pensionable date between 2014 and 2019 and responded to a survey on work- and non-work-related issues before that date. Extended employment was defined as continuing working for over six months beyond the individual pensionable date. We used mediation analysis to examine the contribution of explanatory factors to the association between sex and extended employment. Of the participants, 29% extended employment beyond the pensionable date. Men had a 1.29-fold (95% confidence interval 1.11–1.49) higher probability of extending employment compared with women. Men had a higher prevalence of factors that increase the likelihood of extended employment than women (such as spouse working full-time, no part-time retirement, low job strain, high work time control, and lack of pain) and this mediated the association of sex with extended employment by up to 83%. In conclusion, men were more likely to extend their employment beyond pensionable age than women. This difference was largely explained by men being more likely to have a full-time working spouse, low job strain, high work time control, no pain, and not being on part-time retirement.

Part-time and full-time nursery education: comparisons of play and performance

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Corinne Hutt ◽  
Helen Foy ◽  
Margaret Dash
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Complementary Study

The intellectual and social performance of children who had attended nursery school on a part-time basis was compared with that of those attending full-time. While a beneficial effect of nursery education upon intellectual and social competence was observed, no differences between part-timers and full-timers were found on any of the measures used. Sex differences were apparent on two scales. A complementary study of the play activities however, revealed differences: part-timers spent proportionally more of their time in ‘nursery activities’ while full-timers engaged in more fantasy play. Time-of-day differences were also observed. The results are evaluated in the context of a model of play which ascribes distinctive functions to different forms of play.

Sex Differences and Attitudes towards Permanent Part-time Work in Education

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-74
Author(s):  
Jack M. Wood ◽  
Joan A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teachers ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Part Time Work

The typical stereotype of the part-time teacher is that they are: married females who are currently employed as casual teachers, without job security; married females employed on a full-time basis wishing to work on a part-time basis; or unemployed married females seeking to enter teaching who are unable to obtain full-time teaching positions. The composition of the part-time workforce is diversifying away from this stereotype in many fields. Many single and married males now express a preference to work on a permanent part-time basis. This study examined the comparative perceptions of a random sample of male and female primary teachers regarding the costs and benefits that would be associated with the introduction of permanent part-time teaching (PPTT). The most important finding was the high degree of support for PPTT among male primary teachers. These findings challenge the widely held stereotype that only females want to work on a PPTT basis. Such results also demonstrate the magnitude of social and economic change that is occurring in education labour markets.

scholarly journals 301 Older Farmers' Experiences of Musculoskeletal Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii17-iii65
Author(s):  
John Cunningham ◽  
Austin Kerin ◽  
Rose Galvin ◽  
Katie Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Older Farmers

Abstract Background Almost a third (n=41,000) of all Irish farm holders are aged 65 years or older. Older farmers are vulnerable to Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD’s) both by virtue of the nature of their work and their age. MSD’s are a known risk factor for workplace accidents and farming is the highest risk occupation in Ireland. This study aimed to explore older farmers’ experiences of living with and accessing healthcare for MSD’s. Methods A qualitative study design employing semi-structured interviews was employed. Nine Irish farmers aged 65 years and over with current or previous experience of MSD's were recruited. All participants continued to farm on either a full-time or part-time basis. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Four themes describing older farmers' experiences of MSD’s and healthcare were identified; (1) acceptance of MSD’s as inevitable (2) biomechanical and biological beliefs about MSD’s (3) resilience and a commitment to continuing work in response to MSD’s (4) scepticism and avoidance of healthcare. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge this is the first qualitative study of older Irish farmers’ experiences of MSD’s. Findings reveal that older farmer’s experiences differ significantly from those reported by other occupational groups. Commitment to continue working permeated the findings of this study and shaped older farmers' experiences and responses to MSD's. Older farmers accept MSD’s and pain as inevitable consequences of farming, and they respond to MSD’s with stoicism. Lack of healthcare provider knowledge about farming culture and practices contributes to older farmers' negative healthcare experiences and avoidance of healthcare. Given the prevalence of MSD’s in this population future research should focus on developing and evaluating appropriate health promoting and patient-centered interventions to support continued safe farming for older Irish farmers.

scholarly journals Follow up Survey of 2015-2017 Master’s Graduates of Comparative Education Program in Zhejiang Normal University

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Antony Zakaria Fute ◽  
Wan Xiu-Lan
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Comparative Education ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Full Time ◽  
International Graduate ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Normal University

The researcher conducted a survey study of 28 international graduate students of Comparative Education (Master students) who were enrolled in the program from September 2015 to July 2017 in Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU). With the application and admission procedures in ZJNU, 25% rated the application procedure as A-Excellent and majority of them (45%) rated as B-Very good, followed by another 25% who rated it as C-Good. 5% rated the application procedure to Join ZJNU as D-Not good. Their concerns are very well narrated in this paper. One of the key findings from the survey is that graduates appreciated universities’ contribution to them and the great role played by intelligent supervisors in Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU), the friendly environment which were always there between supervisors and students, which made these international students feel like they were not in the foreign countries. Most of the supervisors played extra ordinary roles as they acted like their biological parents by taking their students into various places where they learnt a lot of things they couldn’t have learnt. However, few students expressed the challenges faced on the first days after their arrival. With the challenge of language and unfamiliarity of the environment, these students were stuck in their rooms without knowing where they could exchange their money and buy food. However even when they found the place to exchange money, language was still a problem to them. Concerning the impacts of the program, out of 20 graduate students who responded to the questionnaire, 85% are employed and the remaining 15% are not yet employed. Among those who are already employed, 82.4% are in full time job while only 17.6% are working as part time. 60% of these employed graduates got their employment before attending the program of Comparative education at Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU), while 35% got their current employment after attending the program and only 5% got the employment offer while attending the program at ZJNU. The researcher conducted a survey study of 28 international graduate students of Comparative Education (Master students) who were enrolled in the program from September 2015 to July 2017 in Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU). With the application and admission procedures in ZJNU, 25% rated the application procedure as A-Excellent and majority of them (45%) rated as B-Very good, followed by another 25% who rated it as C-Good. 5% rated the application procedure to Join ZJNU as D-Not good. Their concerns are very well narrated in this paper. One of the key findings from the survey is that graduates appreciated universities’ contribution to them and the great role played by intelligent supervisors in Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU), the friendly environment which were always there between supervisors and students, which made these international students feel like they were not in the foreign countries. Most of the supervisors played extra ordinary roles as they acted like their biological parents by taking their students into various places where they learnt a lot of things they couldn’t have learnt. However, few students expressed the challenges faced on the first days after their arrival. With the challenge of language and unfamiliarity of the environment, these students were stuck in their rooms without knowing where they could exchange their money and buy food. However even when they found the place to exchange money, language was still a problem to them. Concerning the impacts of the program, out of 20 graduate students who responded to the questionnaire, 85% are employed and the remaining 15% are not yet employed. Among those who are already employed, 82.4% are in full time job while only 17.6% are working as part time. 60% of these employed graduates got their employment before attending the program of Comparative education at Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU), while 35% got their current employment after attending the program and only 5% got the employment offer while attending the program at ZJNU.

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