Effects of Cooperative Tutoring on Academic Performance

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Franklin ◽  
Ray Griffin ◽  
Nancy Perry
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Groups ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Experimental Subjects

Experimental subjects were assigned to study in groups based on their cognitive style as measured by the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT). Whyte, Knirk, Casey and Willard found that when computer-based instruction is used, enhanced academic performance resulted from cooperative learning groups consisting of field independent and mixed (field independent, field dependent) students [1]. However, they found that lower academic performance results from learning groups consisting only of field dependent learners. In another study Dwyer and Moore reported that field independent students performed more efficiently on a series of visually and verbally oriented tests than did field department subjects [2]. Experimental subjects scoring above average on the GEFT were designated field independent. Subjects scoring below the GEFT mean were identified as field dependent. Subjects were assigned to one of three groups (field independent, field dependent, and mixed, i.e., both field independent and field dependent). A group of controls received the identical instruction as that of the experimental students but did not participate in any cooperative tutoring. Instead, control group subjects were directed to study independently. Experimental and control student performance was compared on a series of multiple choice exams. Results indicated enhanced performance for the peer tutoring subjects. There was no evidence of improved performance resulting from group assignment based on cognitive style.

Effect of Cognitive Style on Strategies for Comprehension of Prose

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayo Adejumo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Group Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Better Than

The effect of cognitive style on the performance of four groups who used different strategies of study to comprehend prose was investigated. Performance on Group Embedded Figures Test was used to classify subjects into groups by cognitive style. 201 field-dependent and 125 field-independent subjects enrolled in an introductory course in psychology were subjects. Field-independent subjects performed significantly better overall. In particular, field-independent subjects in the control group and the groups given factual and inferential questions as study aids performed better than the field-dependent subjects on the inferential items at posttest. On the factual items at posttest, field-independent subjects performed significantly better only in the group who were given inferential questions as an adjunct. The cognitive styles of the subjects interacted with the strategies of study and seem to affect performance on comprehension of prose at posttest.

scholarly journals Students' Relational Thinking in Solving Word Problem Based Cognitive Style

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Akhmad Syaiful Bahri ◽  
Agung Lukito ◽  
Masriyah Masriyah
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Word Problem ◽  
School Students ◽  
Relational Thinking ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Subject Selection ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Arithmetic Word Problem

This study is motivated by students' low relational thinking ability. Relational thinking is one of the interesting problems in mathematics education. In this study will be examined the ability of relational thinking field-dependent and independent students in solving the arithmetic word problem. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. This research was conducted on 7th-grade of junior school students of Surabaya. The subjects of this study were 1 student who had a field-independent cognitive style and 1 student who had a field-dependent cognitive style. The data of the students' relational thinking process is obtained through the results of solving arithmetic word problem and interviews. Subject selection is done using instrument group embedded figures test. The results of the research showed that students with cognitive field-dependent experiences had difficulties in thinking and have not been able to establish the relationship between information elements and previous knowledge to solve problems. Whereas students with independent field cognitive styles were capable of relational thinking, namely by building interrelationships between elements of information and prior knowledge and knowledge of the properties of structure to solve problems.

Can College Academic Performance Be Predicted Using a Measure of Cognitive Style?

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Griffin ◽  
Godfrey Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Test Number ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Academic Potential ◽  
Correct Criterion

One hundred and forty-three subjects were identified as Field Independent or Field Dependent based on their performance on the Group Embedded Figures Test, a measure of cognitive style. Results indicated that Field Independent students performed significantly better on course tests and had higher academic potential as measured by the ACT, than Field Dependent students. A regression analysis was conducted to determine which measures would contribute variance to a course test (number correct) criterion. Although both the GEFT and the ACT were significantly related to course test performance, only the ACT contributed significant variance to the regression, F(1,141) = 12.99, r=.29, p <.01. A Principal Components Factor Analysis applied to the GEFT, ACT, and course test data identified two factors. The course tests were associated with factor 1 while the GEFT and ACT were more closely associated with factor 2. The regression and factor analysis results suggest that the ACT and GEFT tests are measuring similar or related constructs for this sample of subjects.

scholarly journals Field Dependence-Independence in Second-Language Acquisition: Some Forgotten Aspects

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Tinajero ◽  
Fernanda Páramo
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Z Scores

This study examined the role of sex and intelligence in the relationship between field dependence-independence and second language acquisition for a sample of 383 students (187 girls and 196 boys) aged between 13 and 16. The Portable Rod and Frame Test (PRFT) and the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) were used to evaluate cognitive style. A two-way covariance analysis, with intelligence as the covariate, was employed to investigate differences in second language achievement between students classified as either field-dependent or field-independent. A cluster analysis using z scores was examined to study the performance of subjects classified as either field-dependent or field-independent according to scores obtained on the EFT and the PRFT (“coincident” subjects) and those classified as field-dependent in one test and field-independent in the other (“non-coincident” subjects). No statistically significant differences between the two groups were obtained when cognitive style was defined by scores on the PRFT. When field dependence-independence was measured by scores on the EFT, field-independent girls performed better than field-dependent girls (p < .005), but this outcome was not observed for boys. These results suggest a differential contribution of the “perceptive” and “cognitive” components of field dependence-independence and a modulating role by sex.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA KELAS VII SMP N 1 KRAGAN DALAM MEMECAHKAN DAN MENGAJUKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA MATERI PERBANDINGAN DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Fitri Argarini ◽  
Budiyono Budiyono ◽  
Imam Sujadi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
Incubation Stage ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Thinking Process

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The research objectives were to determine and to describe creative thinking characteristic of 7<sup>th</sup> grade students of SMP N 1 Kragan in solving and proposing problem at comparative case seen from the cognitive style. This research belonged to descriptive research by qualitative-explorative approach. The sample was taken by purposive sampling technique. The subjects being used in this research were 4, those were 2 students with field dependent cognitive style and 2 students with field independent cognitive style. The subject grouping based on cognitive style was taken by group embedded figures test. There were two instruments that were used to collect the data of this research. The first instrument was solving and proposing problem test instrument. The second was interview guidance. They were validated by using the time triangulation test and the reference fulfillment. The data were analyzed using a Miles and Huberman’s concept, that was data reduction, presentation, and conclusion.. The results of this research show as follows, (1) Creative thinking characteristics of students who had field dependent cognitive style in solving and proposing problem were as follows. The fluency aspect was shown by the students through 4 stages of creative thinking process, both in solving and proposing the problem. The four stages were preparation stage, incubation stage, illumination stage, and verification stage. The flexibility aspect in solving problems appeared when the students gave the other alternative answer, whereas this aspect was not fulfilled in proposing the problems.  The originality aspect was not fulfilled in solving and proposing problems. (2) Creative thinking characteristics of students who had field independent cognitive style in solving and proposing problem were as follows. The fluency aspect was shown by the students through 4 stages of creative thinking process, both in solving and proposing the problem. The four stages were preparation stage, incubation stage, illumination stage, and verification stage. The flexibility aspect in solving problems was shown when the students gave the other alternative answer, while in proposing the problem this aspect was not completed because students were able to make only one question. The originality aspect in solving the problem could be seen when the students gave a new way solution and this  was different from the previous one. Meanwhile in proposing the problems, aspet of originality was not fulfilled.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>:   creative thinking characteristics, solving  problems, proposing problems, cognitive style</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of Mathematics Literation Capability in Cube and Beam Materials on Mts Students Reviewed from Dependent and Independent Field Kognitiffield Style

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
YL Sukestiyarno and Mellawaty .
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Mathematical Literacy ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
The Right

This research is a descriptive qualitative research which aims to describe the mathematical literacy skills of the material of cubes and beams of class VIII A students at MTsN 2 Indramayu that it be seen in terms of cognitive styles of dependent fields and independent fields. Data will be whereas to describe the ability of mathematical literacy using observation; interview test; documentation. Data from this study were analyzed using Miles and Huberman (2007) data analysis which consisted of data reduction,datapresentation,andconclusiondrawing.Theresultsofthisstudyindicate that students in the Field Dependent cognitive style use the concept and the steps of the test work are still not appropriate. While students in Field Independent cognitive style use the right concepts and work steps. The advice given is that the teacher should provide balanced proportions in giving individual and group assignments to students (more conical).

Relation between Raters' Characteristics and Halo Error

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Buffardi ◽  
James F. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Group Embedded Figures Test

The present study examined the effect of personality characteristics and cognitive style of raters on halo error. To control the information available to raters, a vignette concerning two fictitious individuals was presented. The two individuals were rated on 10 traits by 60 undergraduate raters. These raters also completed a Group Embedded Figures Test and a Thurstone Temperament Schedule. Raters characterized as dominant, vigorous, and stable were less susceptible to halo error than others. These results appear compatible with previous research on the characteristics of accurate raters. The hypothesis that field-independent raters would be less susceptible to halo error than field-dependent raters was not fully supported by the data. Suggestions for the direction of future research are given.

scholarly journals Comparison of Students' Covariational Reasoning Based on Differences in Field-Dependent and Field-Independent Cognitive Style

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Ulumul Umah
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Mental Action ◽  
Reasoning Process ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Covariational Reasoning ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Independent Students ◽  
High Level

Students’ difficulty in calculus can be related to their ability in covariational reasoning in school or college. Reasoning process involves high-level cognition. Nevertheless, the relationship between cognitive style and covariational reasoning has not been investigated more specifically. Cognitive style in this study was characterized by field-dependent and field-independent category. This paper describes the covariational reasoning process of field-dependent and field-independent students while constructing the graph of dynamic events. Students’ cognitive style data obtained through the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), while the covariational reasoning data obtained through the covariational problem test and verified by several interviews. The results showed that there was no significant consistent difference between field-dependent and field-independent students in their covariational reasoning level, but there were differences in students’ way of reacting to the context of the problems. Field-dependent subjects exhibited their mental action inconsistently when they faced a new problem that more complex than before. This finding indicated that we need to set the problem to make it an effective stimulus in developing student’s covariational reasoning ability.

scholarly journals Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Berdasarkan Teori APOS (Action, Process, Object, Schema) Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif Field Dependent dan Field Independent

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Mochamad Jazim ◽  
Dinawati Trapsilasiwi ◽  
Randi Pratama Murtikusuma ◽  
Arifiatun Arifiatun
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Process Stage ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Mathematical Problems

This study aims to describe and analyze students' mathematical problem solving abilities based on theory of APOS (Action, Peocess, Object, Schema) in terms of Field Dependent and Field Independent Cognitive Style. It is descriptive research with qualitative approach. The research subjects are 34 students in class XI MIPA 1 SMA Nurul Islam Jember, they are grouped on cognitive style, they are 24 students having field independent cognitive style and 10 students having field dependent cognitive style. The method of data collection use a GEFT (Group Embedded Figure Test), test of problem solving abilities, , and interviews. The results of the data analysis of the problem solving ability test and interviews showed that at the action stage, students with the independent field cognitive style (FI) tended to be able to explain the meaning and information on the questions even though they did not write down what they knew. Students with the field dependent cognitive style (FD) tend to be able to write down the information contained in the questions, but have difficulty explaining the meaning of the questions. At the process stage, FI and FD students are able to model and explain the stages well, but FD still has errors in the resulting mathematical model. At the object stage, FI students tend to work on questions freely, while FD students tend to work on questions in detail or are fixated on completely arranged steps, FD students also have difficulty in explaining back the results of their work. At the schema stage, FI and FD students tend to be able to explain how to use the information contained at the object stage to be used at the schema stage. In general, students with a field independent cognitive style in solving mathematical problems tend to be free or not fixated on complete and detailed steps, and have an analytical nature, so they are able to sort out the important information contained in the questions. Students with a field dependent cognitive style in solving math problems tend to be bound or fixated with steps that are arranged in a complete and detailed manner. Keywords: mathematics problem solving, APOS theory, cognitive style

scholarly journals Profile Number Sense of 5th Grade Students Subject Based on Field-Dependent and Field-Independent Cognitive Style

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Mariana ◽  
Siti Khabibah ◽  
Siti Maghfirotun Amin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Number Sense ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Complex Objects ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Improve Student Performance

Number sense can vary from person to person, number sense variations can be caused by learning experiences of mathematics, mathematical abilities, and cognitive styles. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that aims to determine the number sense profile of grade V SD students in terms of the field-dependent and field-independent cognitive styles on fraction material. So the research begins by giving a math ability test, cognitive style test, and number sense test. The subjects of this study were fifth-grade students of SDN Ngagel Rejo V Surabaya with field-dependent and field-independent styles with equivalent math abilities. Data collection was continued with the number sense test, and interviews and checks using time triangulation. The results showed that students with a field-independent cognitive style tended to use logical reasoning and actively processed information and were able to simplify complex problems well. They also have a high of number sense so that they can answer and describe answers based on their analytical skills. For example, when comparing the concept of numbers, they can show that there is another fraction or decimal between two fractions or decimals. Whereas students in the field-dependent cognitive style only compare the values of the two fractions or decimals, which means they have difficulty separating and distinguishing objects. simple of complex objects. They also tend to do conventional learning such as doing multiplication using a pencil and writing on paper and cannot analyze a thing or question with an estimate or approach. Therefore, students' cognitive styles must be learned and aligned with existing teaching strategies in several schools. Teaching adjustments that are in line with students' cognitive styles are needed to improve student performance.

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