scholarly journals A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL NA REMOÇÃO DE NAUFRÁGIOS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (58) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Ingrid Zanella Andrade CAMPOS
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Deductive Method

RESUMO Objetivo: O estudo objetiva compreender a capacidade da mente humana de criar falsas memórias e sua influência e incidência na prova testemunhal do processo penal. Aponta para a alta incidência de casos de falsas memórias no processo penal brasileiro. Assim, o objetivo é apresentar algumas medidas eficazes para mitigar a presença de faltas memórias durante a instrução em casos penais. Metodologia: Para atingir os fins esperados, a metodologia utilizada será documental, utilizando-se o método dedutivo, com caráter bibliográfico. Utilizou-se os métodos descritivo, bem como revisão bibliográfica. Resultados: Apresentam-se algumas medidas capazes de diminuir a presença de falsas memórias em testemunhos durante a instrução, de maneira a minimizar o impacto negativo na resolução dos casos penais, de falhas cognitivas usuais que caracterizam os processos mnemônicos.Contribuições: A contribuição do presente trabalho é reconhecer a relevância do trabalho multidisciplinar nos estudos das falsas memórias, na capacitação dos profissionais de Direito acerca deste aspecto e na integração de profissionais de outras áreas no ambiente do processo criminal, para buscar medidas e soluções que possam efetivamente diminuir o efeito das falsas memórias no processo penal, colaborando diretamente para decisões mais precisas na solução das matérias vinculados ao direito penal. Palavras-chave: Processo penal; prova testemunhal; falsas memórias. ABSTRACT Objective: The study aims to understand the capacity of the human mind to create false memories and its influence and impact on the testimonial evidence of criminal proceedings. It points out the high incidence of cases of false memories in the Brazilian criminal process. The objective is to present some effective measures to mitigate the presence of missing memories during instruction in criminal cases. Methodology: To achieve the expected purpose, the methodology used is documentary, using the deductive method with bibliographic character. Descriptive methods were used, as well as a literature review. Results: Some measures capable of reducing the presence of false memories in testimonies during instruction are presented, in order to minimize the negative impact on the resolution of criminal cases of usual cognitive flaws that characterize mnemonic processes. Contributions: The contribution of the present paper is to recognize the relevance of multidisciplinary work in the study of false memories in the training of law professionals on this aspect and in the integration of professionals from other areas in the criminal process environment to seek measures and solutions that can effectively reduce the effect of false memories in the criminal process, collaborating directly for more precise decisions in the solution of matters related to criminal law. Keywords: Criminal proceedings; testimonial evidence; false memories.

scholarly journals FALSAS MEMÓRIAS NO PROCESSO PENAL: A INCIDÊNCIA DE FALSAS MEMÓRIAS NA PROVA TESTEMUNHAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (59) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Fábio André GUARAGNNI ◽  
Carolline Mayumi TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Process Methodology

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é compreender a capacidade da mente humana de criar falsas memórias e sua influência e incidência na prova testemunhal do processo penal. Aponta para a alta incidência de casos de falsas memórias no processo penal brasileiro. Metodologia: A partir de pesquisa documental, utiliza o método dedutivo para, valendo-se de textos doutrinários, legislativos, jurisprudenciais e constitucionais, extrair conclusões sobre a as falas memórias em depoimentos.Resultado: Apresentam-se algumas medidas capazes de diminuir a presença de falsas memórias em testemunhos durante a instrução, de maneira a minimizar o impacto negativo, na resolução dos casos penais, destas falhas cognitivas usuais que caracterizam os processos mnemônicos.Contribuições: O reconhecimento da relevância do trabalho multidisciplinar nos estudos das falsas memórias, na capacitação dos profissionais de Direito acerca deste aspecto e na integração de profissionais de outras áreas no ambiente do processo criminal. Palavras-chave: Processo penal; prova testemunhal; falsas memórias. ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the study is to understand the capacity of the human mind to create false memories and its influence and impact on the testimonial evidence of the criminal process. It points to the high incidence of cases of false memories in the Brazilian criminal process. Methodology: Based on documentary research, it is used the deductive method to, based on doctrinal, legislative, jurisprudential and constitutional texts, obtain conclusions about the false memories in testimonies. Result: Some measures are presented to reduce the presence of false memories in testimonies during instruction, in order to minimize the negative impact in the resolution of criminal cases of these usual cognitive flaws that characterize mnemonic processes. Contributions: Recognition of the relevance of multidisciplinary work in the study of false memories, in the training of legal professionals about this aspect and in the integration of professionals from other areas in the criminal process environment. Keywords: Criminal procedure; testimonial evidence; false memories.

THE IDEA OF COMPROMISE IN THE RUSSIAN CRIMINAL PROCESS AS A MEANING OF COURT ACTIVITY OF CRIME

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Markelov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
The Individual

The article proposes an original approach that explains the obvious ideological nature of the use of compromise technologies on certain alternative procedures of the Russian criminal process and is considered as an applied tool for combating crime. Such proposals occur against the background of an obvious trend of humanization of punishment and exemption from criminal responsibility of certain categories of persons. The author claims justifiably that new prospectiveand at the same time conflict-free (compromise) forms of criminal procedure for the rapid resolution of criminal cases have been created in the Russian criminal process.At the same time, the author believes that one of the most important advantages of the use of compromise technologies, provided that there are no aggravating circumstances, is the ability to resolve the criminal-law conflict between the parties concerned quickly and create a favorable environment of reciprocity and understanding. The author believes that the idea of compromise as a certain measure of combating crime has already been implemented in modern procedural algorithms for resolving criminal cases through reduced criminal proceedings in the form of an inquiry, specific (compromise) proce-dures in the form of: the court making a final decision on a criminal case with the consent of the accused with the charge brought by the investigating authorities; the court making a final decision on a criminal case when concluding a pre-trial agreement on cooperation (a deal with justice); proceedings in a criminal case on the appointment of criminal-law measures in the form of a court fine when a person is exempt from criminal liability; a termination of the criminal case and criminal prosecution against the suspect or accused in conjunction with the reconciliation of the parties, a termination of criminal prosecution against the suspect or accused in conjunction with active repentance, a termination of criminal prosecution against the suspect or accused in cases of crimes in the field of economic activity, the election of certain preventive measures and the conduct of the individual investigative actions under the individual compromise circumstances. The author believes that the construction of a legal model of criminal procedure compro-mise as a measure to counter modern crime will contribute to the optimization of the Russian criminal proceedings in the interests of the individual, society and the state as a whole. The work proposes the justification of a new scientific direction - the criminal procedure concept of using compromise - and the prospects for its application in scientific research and practical activities to counter modern crime.

On the quality of pre-trial proceedings

2019 ◽  
pp. 391-399
Author(s):  
Igor Vladimirovich Ovsyannikov
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Special Order ◽  
Objective Research

We consider the problem of the pre-trial proceedings quality and the impact on it of the shortcomings of the regulation of the procedural order of consideration of crimes reports, the special trial order, as well as the practice of their application. We characterize the dualistic nature of the previously conducted reform of the procedural order of crimes reports and strengthening the rule of law at the stage of criminal cases, which, at first glance, seems to be a solution to the problem of crime detection. We designate the expediency of refusal in the legislative order from the production of investigative actions during pre-investigation inspections and from the procedural terms of such inspections. Referring to the practice of courts of a special order of court decision, we note that the simplification and acceleration of criminal proceedings is permissible, but the existing rules of a special order should not be interpreted as a rejection of impartial and objective research by the court of the evidence available in the case, even if indirectly – on the case materials. It is stated that the shortcomings of the special order regulation and the practice of its application have a negative impact on the quality of both judicial and pre-trial proceedings. In addition, we propose scientifically based measures aimed at correcting the above shortcomings.

scholarly journals Counteraction to Miscarriage of Justice in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Criminal Proceeding ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Miscarriage Of Justice

Investigation of crimes against justice in Ukraine is among topical problems of miscarriage of justice. Hundreds of criminal cases are recorded as a crime in the Official Register in Ukraine but only a few have been brought to the court. In this article we try to approach this problem in three ways: from the point of view of criminal law, criminal procedure and criminalistic measures of counteraction to miscarriage of justice. Such an approach helps to demonstrate problems of investigator, prosecutor and judge at different stages of criminal proceeding. Special attention is paid to specific regulation of the issues of criminal proceedings against a certain category of persons, including judges. Mistakes of representatives of law enforcement bodies become visible as a result of analyzing of real criminal cases. Such an analysis is aimed to disclose the problem of counteraction to miscarriage of justice in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Criminal legal basis for an expedited trial procedure provided by the chapter 40 of the Russian Criminal Procedure Code

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-208
Author(s):  
A. V. Boyarskaya
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Court Ruling ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Court Proceedings

The subject of study is the criminal-legal basis for an expedited procedure for adopting a court ruling when the accused person agrees with the charge. These issues are relevant, since in July 2020 the substantive legal basis of the expedited procedure in Russia was changed and now this procedure can only be applied in criminal cases of small and medium gravity.The aim of this work is to study the substantive legal basis of an expedited procedure of litigation from the point of view of the changes were made to it. The author expresses the thesis that the legislators did not quite reasonably link criminal-legal grounds of the expedited procedure with the system of categories of crimes.The methodology. The author used general scientific methods (dialectical, historical, methods of formal logic, system analysis) as well as method of formal legal interpretation of Russian Criminal Code and judicial decisions of Russian courts.The main results, scope of application. The criminal and legal basis of certain criminal procedure is a package of criminal law standards, for the implementation of which a certain criminal and procedural form is intended. The parameters of the substantive basis of criminal proceedings are set with the signs that shall be indicated in the Code of Criminal Procedure and may change. It directly refers to the expedited procedure for adopting a court ruling, by Chapter 40 of the Russian Criminal Procedure Code. Initially, it was assumed that the application of this procedure is permissible in criminal cases concerning crimes the punishment for which does not exceed 5 years imprisonment in accordance with the Russian Criminal Code. The expedited court proceedings began to be applied in criminal cases concerning crimes, the punishment for which does not exceed 10 years imprisonment in accordance with the Russian Criminal Code, since 2003. The Russian Supreme Court made an attempt to reduce the application of court proceedings provided by Chapter 40 of the Russian Criminal Procedure Code in 2019. It turned out to be successful. Legislators have changed the basic criterion that determines the substantive basis for an expedited procedure for adopting a court ruling. Now the system of categories of crimes is this basis. The system of categories of crimes presented in Article 15 of the Russian Criminal Code is not stable enough and is based on a set of provisions of this Code, but the sanctions for many crimes are not scientifically and practically grounded in this Code. In addition, the classification of crimes enshrined in Article 15 of the Russian Criminal Code is based on such a criterion as the nature and degree of public danger of the crime. These categories are among the most complex in the science of criminal law.Conclusions. The use of categories of crimes as a criterion for determining the criminal legal basis of the expedited procedure for making a court decision significantly complicates the application of the expedited procedure.

scholarly journals Problems of proving guilt in criminal cases in connection with tax evasion

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
V. V. Dubrovin
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Russian Federation

The establishment of an intentional form of guilt and its specific type is mandatory for the implementation of the provisions of Art. 8 of the Criminal Code. In criminal proceedings in connection with tax evasion, a direct intent should be established in the act of the accused, otherwise the provisions of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of December 28, 2006 No. 64 “On the practice of criminal law on liability for tax offenses”. One of the proofs of direct intent in the act of the accused may be the decision of the tax authority to prosecute for the tax offense, made according to the results of tax control measures (in-house or on-site tax audits). In the event that it establishes an imprudent form of the taxpayer’s guilt in committing a tax offense, in proving the guilt of the accused in the course of criminal proceedings there may be an intractable contradiction.

REVIEW OF CASES ON NEWLY OPENED AND NEW CIRCUMSTANCES: UNFA-VOURABLE DISTINCTIONS OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Alia R. Sharipova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
Administrative Proceedings

The article deals with the comparative analysis of the procedure and grounds for reviewing court cases under new and newly discovered circumstances in criminal and arbitration, civil and administrative proceedings. The author proceeds from the idea of common fundamental beginnings of justice in general, and therefore, all types of judicial activities - including an extraordinary review of judicial decisions, which have entered into legal force. The branch specifics of specific procedural institutions should have a special explanation based on the specifics of the branch itself. The author thinks that there is no key basis for reviewing the case on the newly discovered circumstances in the criminal trial and attempts to replace it with one of the new circumstances. In this part, the current criminal procedure law differs unfavourably from the Soviet Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) of the RSFSR of 1960 - among the newly discovered circumstances, there are no those that could indicate a miscarriage of justice made out of direct connection with someone's criminal actions. In the current CPC of the Russian Federation, the list of newly discovered circumstances is closed, and the list of new circumstances that entail the review of the court decisions is, on the contrary, open. Examples of academic papers and administrative enactments justifying such a replacement are given. The author gives his arguments against it and proposes to change the list of grounds for revision, referring to the regulation in other procedural branches, historical and foreign experience. A significant procedural difference of the considered type of extraordinary review of cases in criminal proceedings from other types of proceedings is found. It is the need for applicants to request a review from the prosecutor, not from the court. The greatest objection is the non-alternative procedure: the prosecutor is a participant in the criminal proceedings on the part of the prosecution, he is responsible for the undoubted proof of the charge, which is the basis of the sentence, the abolition of which is requested by another interested person. The negative impact of the prosecutor's mediation between the complainant and the court on access to justice and its quality is argued. It is pointed out that there is no need for prosecutorial checks to resolve the issue of judicial review of the case. The analysis of judicial statistics in different branches of justice shows that criminal proceedings differ sharply by the negligible number of judicial review cases due to newly discovered and new circumstances. The article calls into question the ability to explain this fact by a higher quality of sentences in criminal cases in comparison with other court decisions in other court cases.

PROTECTION OF THE HONOR AND DIGNITY OF CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS IN JUDICIAL PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Николай Николаевич Кутаков
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Correctional Officers ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Mandatory Requirement

В статье представлен анализ судебной практики о преступлениях против чести и достоинства сотрудников исправительных учреждений, на основе которого дана характеристика объектов, субъектов данных преступлений и наказаний, избранных в отношении виновных. Отдельное внимание автором уделено раскрытию мотивов оскорблений, совершаемых осужденными. Приведена практика привлечения лингвистов к проведению экспертизы оскорблений, высказанных в адрес сотрудников. На основе научных трудов и материалов судебной практики подвергнут анализу признак публичности оскорбления представителя власти. Освещен институт компенсации морального вреда применительно к уголовному судопроизводству как мера, дополняющая уголовную ответственность за совершение преступлений против чести и достоинства сотрудников исправительных учреждений. Сделан акцент на оценке законности действий сотрудника исправительного учреждения при исполнении им своих должностных обязанностей как обязательного требования при рассмотрении уголовных дел об оскорблении представителя власти. Представленные в работе статистические данные позволяют сформировать представления об оскорблениях, совершаемых в отношении сотрудников исправительных учреждений, а материалы судебной практики подтверждают действенность уголовно-правового механизма защиты их чести и достоинства. The article presents an analysis of judicial practice on crimes against the honor and dignity of correctional officers, on the basis of which the characteristics of the objects, subjects of these crimes, and the punishments chosen against the perpetrators are given. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the motives of insults committed by convicts. The article describes the practice of involving linguists in the examination of insults addressed to employees. On the basis of scientific works and materials of judicial practice, the sign of the publicity of insulting a representative of the authorities is analyzed. The article highlights the institution of compensation for non-pecuniary damage in relation to criminal proceedings as a measure that complements criminal liability for committing crimes against the honor and dignity of correctional officers. The emphasis is placed on the assessment of the legality of the actions of a correctional institution employee in the performance of their official duties, as a mandatory requirement when considering criminal cases of insulting a representative of the authorities. The statistical data presented in the work allow us to form ideas about insults committed against correctional officers, and the materials of judicial practice confirm the effectiveness of the criminal law mechanism for protecting their honor and dignity.

scholarly journals Effectivity Of Restorative Justice Meets The Just Nature Of Indonesia Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramdani Abd. Hafizh ◽  
Ahmad Ramdani Chairi ◽  
Dirasid Dirasid ◽  
Raka Febrian Krisnaputra ◽  
Irvan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Law System ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Adat Law

Restorative justice is a form of cases settlement beyond the court which engaged perpetrator, victim and society as condition restore after the crime. This form started to be developed in Indonesia, especially in regions which implement “adat” law consistently and have close kinship system. Restorative justice is urgently needed today, in order to reduce the number of cases and prison over capacity. The significant number of criminal cases which had been judged in the court is the main factor of prison over capacity. The prison full of criminal which had variety of crimes. The negative impact is, prison is not a shoch-therapy for the criminals, instead of after they fulfill their sentence period and become alumni of prison, they tend to re-do their crimes even worse than the previous one. This condition was the causing factor of restorative justice in the criminal law system for example, children criminals, traffic violations which had narrow impacts and can be solved by “adat” institution, with the exception for major cases or extraordinary crimes for instance drugs, planned murder, terrorism and genocide

scholarly journals On the Question of the Investigator’s Algorithm of Actions During the Interrogation of Foreign Nationals Involved in Criminal Proceedings as Victims

Legal Concept ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Anna Zemskova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction: the paper discusses some features of the techniques of interrogating foreign nationals participating in criminal proceedings as victims. The goal is to analyze the problems that arise in connection with the participation of foreigners in the investigation, and develop tactical and psychological and organizational and legal measures to minimize the negative impact on the investigation of problematic circumstances. Using the method of system analysis, various investigative situations were considered and the suggestions were made for organizing an investigation based on the example of questioning foreign nationals involved in criminal proceedings as victims. Conclusions: in practice, for the investigator and inquiry officer, the participation of a foreigner in the criminal process creates the need for additional organizational measures, the list of which, on the example of conducting an interrogation of the victim, is given in the paper. The effectiveness of the investigation of crimes involving foreign citizens will largely depend on the competence of the investigator in applying the provisions of the migration legislation of the Russian Federation. The conflict – free situation of interrogation of the injured foreign citizen and other investigative actions with his participation-more favorable for the investigator, as a rule, occurs only in the case of the legal status of a foreign citizen in the Russian Federation. The use of this algorithm of actions by the investigative bodies can guarantee the rights of foreign nationals involved in criminal proceedings as victims, protect their legitimate interests and conduct an effective investigation.

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