scholarly journals Efecto sobre la producción de carne de la aplicación de tecnologías de renovación de praderas de Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus en la Costa Norte Colombiana

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Yasmín Socorro Cajas-Girón ◽  
Wilson Andrés Barragán Hernández ◽  
Wilson Andrés Barragán Hernández ◽  
Carlos Arreaza-Tavera ◽  
Carlos Arreaza-Tavera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
The North ◽  
Applied Technology

<p>Uno de los factores que limitan de manera importante la competitividad y sostenibilidad del sector ganadero de la región Caribe es la degradación de suelos y praderas. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar en fincas del departamento del Atlántico y dedicadas a la de producción de carne, el efecto de las tecnologías de renovación de praderas como la intervención mecánica con labranza vertical, establecimiento de una nueva gramínea, aplicación de un plan de fertilización y pastoreo rotacional, sobre la producción de carne. Se seleccionaron tres fincas en las cuales se estableció una línea base en el año 2007 y posteriormente en los años 2008 y 2009 se evaluó el efecto de la renovación sobre la producción de forraje y carne. Se determinó la disponibilidad de forraje tanto en la pradera renovada como en la pradera sin renovación y cada mes se registró el peso de los animales. Los datos se analizaron empleando un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial. Los resultados mostraron un efecto significativo de la renovación de praderas en la producción de forraje, tanto en época seca como lluviosa (P &lt; 0.05). El efecto fue mayor en la época lluviosa que en la época seca (P &lt; 0.05). Las praderas renovadas tuvieron en promedio 1,5 veces más forraje que la pradera testigo (21,9 vs. 8,9 t de MS ha-1). Durante el período seco, la tecnología de renovación disminuyó el efecto negativo del estrés hídrico, manteniendo una producción promedio de forraje que duplicó la registrada durante el mismo período en la pradera sin intervención (5,2 vs. 2,5 t de MS ha-1). En la producción total de carne también se observó un efecto de renovación de praderas tanto en época seca como lluviosa. El efecto de la tecnología en producción de carne fue mayor en la época de lluvias que en la época seca (353 vs. 163 kg ha-1). El promedio general indicó que la producción de carne por unidad de área fue 4 veces mayor en la pradera renovada que en la pradera testigo (859 vs. 171 kg ha-1).Los resultados mostraron que la aplicación de tecnologías de renovación de praderas a nivel de finca en el departamento del Atlántico se logra aumentos significativos en producción de forraje y producción de carne por unidad de área lo cual tendría repercusiones en los ingresos de los productores. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Effect of the renewal technology pasture of <em>Bothriochloa pertusa </em>(L.) A. Camus on meat production in the North Coast of Colombia </strong></p><p>One of the factors that significantly limits the competitiveness and sustainability of the livestock sector in the Caribbean region is the degradation of soils and pastures. The objective of this study was to assess, on farms engaged in the production of meat in the Atlántico department, the effect of pasture renewal technologies, such as mechanical intervention with vertical tillage, establishment of a new grass, application of a fertilization plan and grazing rotation, on meat production.Three farms were selected in which a baseline was established in 2007 and subsequently, in 2008 and 2009, the effect of the renovation on the production of forage and meat was evaluated. Forage availability was determined in both the renewed and non-renewed pastures; and each month, the weight of the animals was recorded. The data were analyzed using a randomized block design with factorial arrangement. There was a significant effect of the applied technology on pasture production in both the wet season and the dry season (P &lt; 0.05). The effect was greater in the wet season than in the dry season (P &lt; 0.05). The recovered pasture had 1.5 times more forage in comparison with the control pasture (21.9 vs. 8.9 t DM ha-1). In the dry season, the applied technology decreased the detrimental effect of water stress, producing twice the amount of forage than the control pasture in the same period (5.2 vs. 2.5 t DM ha-1). The recovered pasture in the dry and wet seasons also positively affected total beef production. Meat production was higher in the rainy season than during the dry season (353 kg vs. 171 kg ha-1). The overall average indicated that meat production per unit area was 4 times higher in the recovered pasture than in the control pasture (859 kg vs. 171 kg ha-1). The results showed that pasture renewal technologies on farms in the Atlántico department provide significant improvements for forage and meat production per unit area that could have effects on the farmers incomes. </p>

Migratory Labour from North-Wester Nigeria

Africa ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mansell Prothero
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Limited Scale ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphReaders of Africa will be well aware of population migration as a characteristic feature of a continent where movement between one part and another is largely unrestricted as compared with the more settled parts of the world. There is much evidence of large-scale tribal migrations in the past, of the age-old seasonal wanderings of herders, and of recent labour migration to centres of mineral and industrial production, the last particularly in Central and South Africa. Information is more limited concerning the features of labour migration in West Africa at the present day. In general it is thought that migrants leave their home areas, after the harvest at the commencement of the dry season, to seek work elsewhere for a period of from three to six months and then return to take up farming with the commencement of the next rains. The major source area for these migrants is to the north of the tenth parallel where the wet season is concentrated into a period of about four months, thus severely restricting agricultural activity. Cultivation during the dry season is possible only on a very limited scale. There is thus a considerable period of the year when the primary economic activity of the people is not possible. It is logical that they should seek work elsewhere.

Occurrence of the grasshopper pest Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in south-western Nigeria in relation to the wet and dry seasons

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Page
Keyword(s):  
Dry Season ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Secondary Peak ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Zonocerus Variegatus ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
The North ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Peak Abundance

AbstractAn investigation into the seasonal abundance of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) around Ibadan, Nigeria, showed that hatching occurs between October and March and peak abundance is in late November. Adults occur almost throughout the year. Oviposition takes place between March and October or possibly November, with a peak in April. Eggs laid in March and April hatch in October and November after a diapause, while those laid from June onwards do not appear to enter diapause. Thus eggs laid in June and July hatch at the same time as those laid in March and April. Parasitism by the sargophagid fly Blaesoxipha filipjevi (Rod.) during March and April results in a rapid decline in adult numbers which may be followed by a secondary peak in adult numbers when nymphs, which are present at the same time and are rarely parasitised, reach adult stage. Oviposition resulting from such a peak does not produce a secondary peak in hatching as this coincides with hatching from earlier layings. The fungus Entomophthora grylli plays an important role in controlling the abundance of nymphs and adults during the dry season despite the intermittent nature of the attacks. During the wet season, the fungus is able to germinate and disperse more readily, thus keeping the numbers of the insects low. It is concluded that there is one generation of Z. variegatus a year, with a peak in population coinciding with the dry season (November-March). It is suggested from the results that the grasshopper may have originated in the semi-arid zones of the north.

Growth Strategies of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. At Three Sites in Northern Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gibson ◽  
EP Bachelard ◽  
KT Hubick
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The North ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Semi Arid

The morphology and physiology of trees of Eucalyptus camaldulensis growing in the field at two monsoonal and one semi-arid location were compared. In the wet season, shoot growth at the monsoonal locations was similar and larger than that at the semi-arid location. In the dry season, new shoot growth at the more humid monsoonal location (Petford) was similar to growth in the wet season while at the less humid (Katherine) and the semi-arid (Tennant Creek) locations, shoot growth was foreshortened and the leaves had larger dry weights per unit area. In the summer wet season, leaves on both the north and south sides of the trees were maintained at or below (by up to 5�C) air temperatures throughout the day except for north facing leaves at Petford which were consistently above (by up to 3�C) air temperatures. Midday gas exchange in the dry season at both monsoonal localities was restricted to trees at the water's edge, whereas most trees, including those at drier sites, at the semi-arid location exhibited significant rates of gas exchange. The results, which are discussed in relation to environmental variables (vapour pressure deficits, wind speeds) to which the trees are exposed, and to previous results obtained in the glasshouse, indicate that the differences in shoot growth and physiology are adaptations to the environment in which the trees have evolved.

Identity and Cultural Interaction in French Guiana during the Eighteenth Century

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Loyer Rousselle ◽  
Réginald Auger
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Native People ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
The North ◽  
Triangular Trade ◽  
Plantation System

In colonial times, French Guiana, located on the north coast of South America, was part of the circum-Caribbean region and participated in the triangular trade. Beginning with their arrival in 1665, Jesuit missionaries had control over the religious affairs for the colony and gained a very influential position within the colonial population until their expulsion (1763-1768). They also participated in the plantation system, as a way to finance the establishment of their evangelization work among the Native people of South America. With their most iconic plantation, the Habitation Loyola (ca 1720-1768), the Jesuits were the first producers of sugar, coffee, and cocoa; over a century of their exploitation more than a thousand slaves were scattered over all their possessions. In this chapter we seek to explore the social dynamics and cultural interactions between the Jesuits, the enslaved Africans, and the Native populations within the plantation system. We begin with a brief review of the plantation studies in French Guiana and the Caribbean, then we address the questions of cultural interaction studies and the creolization process. Our analysis is based on specific sets of artifacts retrieved mainly from a trash deposit associated with the kitchen and the Great House.

scholarly journals Dry matter yield and nutritional value of Marandu grass under nitrogen fertilization and irrigation in cerrado in São Paulo

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2598-2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisângela Dupas ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
André Luis Sarto ◽  
Fernando Braz Tangerino Hernandez ◽  
Antonio Fernando Bergamaschine
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber

The aim of this study was to evaluate dry matter yield and nutritional value of palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) using nitrogen doses and sprinkler irrigation in two periods of the year, aiming at reducing seasonality of forage production. It was used a randomized block design in a split-plot scheme, with five doses of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha/cut), and the sub-plots were defined by the seasons of the year (wet and dry season), with and without irrigation. During the wet season, in the plots with and without irrigation, doses of 175 and 161 kg/ha/cut promoted the highest dry matter yields. During the dry season, 171 kg ha-1N with irrigation resulted in the highest dry matter yield. During the same season, there was no response to N fertilization in the lack of irrigation. Average contents of CP were 10% with and without irrigation. Contents of neutral detergent fiber decreased with nitrogen doses, while acid detergent fiber was not affected by fertilization. Plots under irrigation reached the maximal acid detergent fiber content at N dose of 60 kg ha-1. Irrigation promotes increase of 15% increase in dry matter yield and it increases contents of neutral detergent fiber.

The Cretaceous crinoid Uintacrinus socialis from Jamaica and its significance for global correlation

2009 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON F. MITCHELL
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
First Record ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Latitudinal Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Global Correlation ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
The Caribbean

AbstractThe late Cretaceous crinoid Uintacrinus socialis Grinnell, which is a potential marker for the base of the Upper Santonian Substage, is reported from the Inoceramus Shales of St Ann's Great River Inlier on the north coast of Jamaica. This is the first record of this species from the Caribbean region and marks its lowest latitudinal distribution reported to date. The Inoceramus Shales are a deep-water clastic mudstone unit which extends the palaeoecological distribution of this crinoid. Uintacrinus socialis proves that the Inoceramus Shales are of Santonian age and will help constrain correlations between the shallow-water platform carbonate/volcaniclastic facies found in the arc successions of the Caribbean and the international chronostratigraphy.

scholarly journals Water and Salt Transports in the Hengsha Channel of Changjiang Estuary

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Rui Ma ◽  
Jianrong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Neap Tide ◽  
Spring Tide ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Changjiang Estuary ◽  
Dynamic Mechanism ◽  
Gradient Force ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
The North

In a multilevel bifurcated estuary, the channels between the bifurcated branches play important roles in the exchanges of water and salt. In the Changjiang Estuary, the Hengsha Channel (HC) connects the North Channel (NC) and the North Passage (NP). In this paper, based on a two-way nesting unstructured quadrilateral grid, finite-differencing, three-dimensional estuarine and coastal ocean model, the tidal and seasonal variations in the water and salt transports in the HC were simulated, and their dynamic mechanism was analyzed. The residual water and salt transports in the HC both flow southward from the NC to the NP. In wet season, the residual water transport in the HC is 677 m3/s during neap tide and 245 m3/s during spring tide, and the residual salt transport is 0. In dry season, the residual water and salt transports in the HC are 1278 m3/s and 0.38 t/s during neap tide, respectively, and 1328 m3/s and 12.61 t/s during spring tide. Affected by the northerly wind and the southeastward baroclinic gradient force, the water and salt fluxes in dry season are much larger than those in wet season. The dynamic mechanism responsible for the water transport in the HC was numerically simulated and analyzed.

Activity Cycles ofGlossina pallidipesAust.,G. palpalis fuscipesNewst. andG. brevipalpisNewst

1965 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. B. Harley
Keyword(s):  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Physical Factor ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Morning Peak ◽  
Hot Dry Season

A series of 24-hr catches ofGlossina pallidipesAust.,G. palpalis fuscipesNewst. andG. brevipalpisNewst. was carried out on the north-east shore of Lake Victoria over a period of 11 months in 1962–63. The object was to define and compare the daily pattern of activity of the three species as indicated by the numbers caught hourly on three black cattle that were used as bait. Catching during the hours of darkness was done by the light of dimmed hurricane lamps. The period of observation covered successively a dry season, a wet season, a cool dry season and a hot dry season.At all seasons, males ofG. pallidipeswere caught in gradually increasing numbers from just before dawn until shortly before sunset, after which a rapid decrease took place. Females ofG. pallidipesexhibited a different pattern, with a gradual rise in activity in the morning until about midday, after which activity remained more or less constant until shortly before sunset, when a rapid fall occurred. There was never any indication of a morning peak in activity such as has been described for this species elsewhere. Activity during the night was at an extremely low level.Activity of both males and females ofG. p. fuscipesstarted about dawn, increased to a peak in the middle hours of the day, and then fell fairly rapidly in the evening; the exact time of the peak was variable. None was caught during the night.There was some activity ofG. brevipalpisthroughout the diel, but marked peaks of activity were exhibited by both sexes. In the open, these took place immediately after sunset and immediately before sunrise, the latter being the smaller. In the shade, the morning peak in both sexes was an hour later than in the open, and the evening peak in males alone was an hour earlier.These results are compared with those of other workers, and the influence of physical factors is discussed. Particular values of temperature and saturation deficit were not closely associated with particular levels of activity of any of the three species, and light intensity is probably the physical factor that is most consistently the same at times of particular levels of activity at all seasons.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETIES SUITABLE FOR DRY SEASON AND WET SEASON PLANTING

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Sumarno Sumarno ◽  
Entis Sutisna
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seasonal Adaptation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Planting Season

Rice planting on dry and wet seasons faces a specific climatological characteristic, which affects directly on rice growth and yield. Fifteen rice genotypes were evaluated for their seasonal planting adaptation at Sukamandi Experimental Station, Subang, West Java, during the dry and wet seasons of 2009-2010.<br />Randomized complete block design with three replications was applied on the experiment. Plot size was 4 m x 6 m and plant spacing was 20 cm x 20 cm. Standard agronomic practices were applied on both planting season experiments. Data were collected for major morphological traits, days to grain maturity and grain yield, measured on wet and dry basis (11% moisture content). Data were analysed for analyses of variance for each season and for combined seasons, and mean values separation of the variable used the 5% Duncan Multiple Range Test. Correlation between grain yields and morphological variable data were computed for each season and for combined seasons. The correlation coefficients of variables and grain yield were partitioned into direct and indirect causes using path analyses. Combined analyses of variances indicated significant effects of genotypes, seasons and genotypes x seasons interaction for almost all variables, including grain yields, suggesting there were seasonal adaptation specificity among genotypes. Five genotypes were identified as suitable for dry season planting, and nine<br />genotypes as suitable for wet season planting. Among those genotypes, three genotypes, namely Mekongga, Inpari-10 and OM 5240 were suitable for both dry and wet season planting. Ciherang and Cigeulis varieties were more suitable for dry season, while Cibogo, Inpari-1, Inpari-3, Inpari-5, and Inpari-8 were more suitable for wet season planting. Adopting the most productive rice varieties for planting on dry or wet season as was suggested on this research should increase rice production substantially. To facilitate the availability of varieties adapted<br />for a specific planting season, rice breeding should purposedly apply a directional selection of lines suitable for specific planting season, starting on the early generation of selection. <br />

The annual migrations of three species of West African fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2266-2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
High Amplitude ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
West African ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Eidolon Helvum

The seasonal movements of Eidolon helvum, Myonycteris torquata, and Nanonycteris veldkampi were studied over a 2-year period in West Africa. During the dry season, E. helvum roosts in at least one large colony (ca. 500 000 individuals) in the southern forest zone of Ivory Coast. Following the birth of young in February, males and females move into the savanna zones, and the progressive establishment and decline of colonies along a south–north axis indicates that E. helvum migrates at least to the Niger River basin by the middle of the wet season (July). During the dry season, both M. torquata and N. veldkampi are absent from savanna sites, but are common in the forest zone. With the onset of the rainy season in March, catch rates of both species increase first at a southern Guinea savanna site and subsequently at a savanna site 400 km to the north, indicating that both species migrate at least to the southern Sudanese savanna zone during the wet season. Both sexes of N. veldkampi migrate, but the migration of M. torquata is restricted to the immature male cohorts. I argue that the high amplitude of the seasonal fluctuations in fruit abundance at savanna sites creates a wet-season surplus of food which results in low intra- and inter-specific competition levels at these sites relative to the forest zone. This may provide the conditions leading to the observed annual migrations.

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