scholarly journals Identifying crisphead lettuce genotypes for a wider range of environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Tobar Tosse ◽  
Willame Dos Santos Candido ◽  
Lucas Da Silva Santos ◽  
Edgard Henrique Costa Silva ◽  
Renata Castoldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Lettuce Breeding ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased

This work aims to select crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) genotypes superior in production, stability, and adaptability using a mixed model method: restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction. Ten genotypes were grown in different municipalities of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and seasons of the year, resulting in twelve different environments. The experiment has a randomized complete block design with four repetitions. Genotypes comprise eight breeding lines and two commercial cultivars, Vanda and Vera. The evaluated traits include total production in g/plant, commercial production in g/plant, and numbers of leaves/plant. Analysis of joint deviance indicated that the genotypes responded differently to the environments evaluated. The crisphead lettuce breeding lines that were most productive, stable, and adapted to the twelve lettuce-growing environments, even outperforming the commercial Vanda and Vera cultivars, were lines L8, L2, and L6.

scholarly journals EFFECT ORGANIC NUTRIENT HUMIC AND COMPOUND CHEMICAL FERTILIZER IN LEAVES CONTENT FROM ELEMENTS AND TOTAL YIELD CUCUMBER

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
AL-AZZAWI & AL-IBADI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Total Production ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Organic Nutrient ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Four Levels

This experiment was carried out at the Scientific Research Station of the College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad (Al-Jadiriyah), Spring and Autumn seasons 2015, using to Cucumber hybrid Gazeer, to study effect of adding organic material the vegetative growth of Cucumber. The experiment was conducted as factorial experiment (4x3) with in randomized complete Block design, with three replicates, First factor includes four levels of chemical fertilizer (0, 100%, 50% and 25%) of the recommended doses of fertilizers, The second factor was three levels of organic nutrient humic (0, 5kg ha-1 and 10kg ha-1). The results showed superiority of the treatment of  interaction C1H2 (NPK 100%+10 kg.ha-1 nutrient organic) in leaves content (2.63 and 2.70)%, Phosphorus (0.49 and 0.53)%, Potassium (3.69 and 3.50)%, Magnesium (0.81 and 0.77)%, Iron (192.84 and 187.71) mg kg-1 and Zinc (51.97 and 52.67) mg kg-1, also the same treatment was superiority in total production (42.51 and 30.50) tons for two seasons, spring and autumn respectively.

scholarly journals Cupuaçu tree genotype selection for an agroforestry system environment in the Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Moysés Alves ◽  
Saulo Fabrício da Silva Chaves ◽  
Rodrigo Silva Alves ◽  
Thalita Gomes dos Santos ◽  
Dênmora Gomes de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to select cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) tree progenies and individuals based on their agronomic traits, and, indirectly, to identify those adapted to an agroforestry system (AFS) environment in the Brazilian Amazon. For this purpose, 25 full-sib progenies were planted and tested in consortium with black pepper (Piper nigrum), banana (Musa spp.), and bacuri (Platonia insignis) trees. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with five replicates and three plants per plot, from 2005 to 2019. For the statistical analyses, the phenotypic averages for production and incidence of witches’ broom disease, evaluated during 11 harvests, were used. Superior progenies and individuals were identified using the mixed model methodology (REML/BLUP), which led to the selection of ten plants from five families with superior agronomic traits. Cupuaçu tree progenies 6, 36, 37, 49, and 52 are the ones that best adapt to the environment of a multispecies AFS in the Amazon region because of their agronomic traits under competitive conditions. Ten matrices show agronomic potential and indirect adaptation to the AFS and can be used as clonal cupuaçu cultivars in this environment.

scholarly journals Diversity and genetic parameter of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) based on yield component in three location

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Wahono Dyah Ayu Sayekti ◽  
MUHAMAD SYUKUR ◽  
SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT ◽  
AWANG MAHARIJAYA
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Gxe Interactions ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines

Abstract. Sayekti TWDA, Syukur M, Hidayat SH, Maharijaya A. 2021. Diversity and genetic parameter of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) based on yield component in three locations. Biodiversitas 22: 823-829. With the increase in the use of chili, it is necessary to develop these commodities through plant breeding activities. Phenotypes are not only determined by genetics, but also by environmental factors and the GxE interactions, so all the factors need to be considered. The aims of this study were to evaluate the variability of ten elite breeding lines and three commercial varieties of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) across three different environments. This experiment was conducted in three environments namely Bogor, Kolaka, and Palembang, from January until July 2019. Thirteen genotypes consisting of ten elite lines and three commercial chili pepper were used. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications for each environment. To determine the effect of environment, Combined Analysis of Variance was carried out for all environments using PBSTAT-GE. The environment used in this experiment was lowland that varies between each other. The genotype with the fastest harvesting age relative in three environments was F7-145293-19-8-3-113-1. The highest number of fruits per plant was observed in genotype F9-160291-9-4-3-2-1-1-1 with 261 fruits per plant. The highest yield was observed in genotype F7-145174-9-7-1-5-3. From the clustering analysis, this population was grouped into five clusters. The heritability values for the 12 observed traits ranged between 22.68-69.97%, classified into high and moderate criteria.

scholarly journals Genome-wide Hierarchical Mixed Model Association Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runqing Yang ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Zhiyu Hao ◽  
Yuxin Song ◽  
Runqing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Analysis ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Genomic Breeding ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased

Abstract We partitioned the genomic mixed model into two hierarchies to firstly estimate genomic breeding values (GBVs) using the genomic best linear unbiased prediction and then statistically infer the association of GBVs with each SNP using the generalized least square. The genome-wide hierarchical mixed model association study (named Hi-LMM) can correct effectively confounders with polygenic effects as residuals in association tests, preventing potential false negative errors produced with GRAMMAR or EMMAX. The Hi-LMM performs the same statistical power as the exact FaST-LMM with the same computing efficiency as EMMAX. When the GBVs have been estimated precisely, Hi-LMM outperforms existing methods in statistical power, especially through joint association analysis.

scholarly journals Improvement of Genomic Prediction in Advanced Wheat Breeding Lines by Including Additive × additive Epistasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Raffo ◽  
Pernille Sarup ◽  
Xiangyu Guo ◽  
Huiming Liu ◽  
Jeppe Reitan Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Unbiased Prediction

Abstract Epistasis is the principal non-additive genetic effect in inbred wheat lines and can be used to develop cultivars based on total genetic merit. Correct models for variance components (VCs) estimation are needed to disentangle the genetic architecture of complex traits in wheat. We aimed to i) evaluate the performance of extended genomic best linear unbiased prediction (EG-BLUP) and the natural and orthogonal interactions approach (NOIA) for VCs estimation in a commercial wheat-breeding population, and ii) investigate whether including epistasis in genomic prediction enhance predictive ability (PA) for wheat breeding lines. In total, 2,060 sixth-generation (F6) lines from Nordic Seed A/S breeding company were phenotyped for grain yield over 21-year-x-location combinations in Denmark, and genotyped using 15K Illumina-BeadChip. Four models were used to estimate VCs and heritability at plot level: i) Baseline, ii) Genomic best linear unbiased prediction (G-BLUP), iii) EG-BLUP, and iv) NOIA. Narrow- and broad-sense heritabilities estimated with G-BLUP were 0.15 and 0.31, respectively. EG-BLUP and NOIA failed to achieve orthogonal partition of genetic variances. Even though NOIA removed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumption, both models yielded very similar estimates, indicating that linkage disequilibrium causes the lack of orthogonality. The PA was studied using leave-one-line-out and leave-one-breeding-cycle-out cross-validations. Both EG-BLUP and NOIA increased PA significantly (16.5%) compared to G-BLUP in leave-one-line-out cross-validation. However, the improvement for including epistasis was not observed in the leave-one-breeding-cycle-out cross-validation. We conclude that although the variance partition into orthogonal genetic effects was not possible, epistatic models can be useful to enhance predictions of total genetic merit.

scholarly journals Calcium Nitrate Dose and Application Period in American Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Cleiton Gredson Sabin Benett ◽  
Alan Kênio dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Leandro Caixeta Salomão ◽  
Katiane Santiago Silva Benett ◽  
Natalia Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Head Height ◽  
Nitrate Dose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of American lettuce subjected to different dosages of calcium nitrate on two application schedules. The experiment used four replicates of a 2 × 5 factorial randomized complete block design, with two application schedules (Schedule 1: 50% of the dose at transplanting and 50% at 20 days after transplanting; Schedule 2: 50% at 10 days and 50% at 20 days after transplanting) and five doses (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha-1). The following variables were evaluated: the number of inner and outer leaves, head height and diameter, head height/diameter ratio, compactness, stem diameter, relative index of chlorophyll, commercial production and nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca) content in the inner and outer leaf. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test, with Tukey test for comparison of the means) for the application schedule and regression analysis for the calcium nitrate dose. The application of calcium nitrate positively influenced the nutritional characteristics of American lettuce in the 2nd schedule and the dose of 470 kg ha-1 presented better production.

scholarly journals Multivariate linear mixed model enhanced the power of identifying genome-wide association to poplar tree heights in a randomized complete block design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Chen ◽  
Hainan Wu ◽  
Wenguo Yang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Chunfa Tong
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Traditional Breeding

Abstract With the advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies, it is not difficult to extract tens of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across many individuals in a fast and cheap way, making it possible to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of quantitative traits in outbred forest trees. It is very valuable to apply traditional breeding experiments in GWAS for identifying genome variants associated to ecologically and economically important traits in Populus. Here, we reported a GWAS of tree height measured at multiple time points from a randomized complete block design (RCBD), which was established with clones from an F1 hybrid population of Populus deltoides and Populus simonii. A total of 22,670 SNPs across 172 clones in the RCBD were obtained with restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) technology. The multivariate mixed linear model was applied by incorporating the pedigree relationship matrix of individuals to test the association of each SNP to the tree heights over 8 time points. Consequently, 41 SNPs were identified significantly associated to the tree height under the p-value threshold determined by Bonferroni correction at the significant level of 0.01. These SNPs were distributed on all but 2 chromosomes (Chr02 and Chr18) and explained the phenotypic variance ranged from 0.26% to 2.64%, amounting to 63.68% in total. Comparison with previous mapping studies for poplar height as well as the candidate genes of these detected SNPs were also investigated. We therefore demonstrated that the application of multivariate linear mixed model to the longitudinal phenotypic data from the traditional breeding experimental design facilitated to identify far more genome-wide variants for tree height in poplar. The significant SNPs identified in this study would enhance understanding of molecular mechanism for growth traits and would accelerate marker-assisted breeding programs in Populus.

scholarly journals Management of soil cover and its influence on phytosociology, physiology and fig production

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3236
Author(s):  
Thiago da Costa ◽  
Clevison Luis Giacobbo ◽  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Cesar Tiago Forte ◽  
Richardson Damis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Species Importance

The fig stands out as an important source of food for the human diet, especially minerals and fibers. Weeds are a major concern in the conduct of fig orchards. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of management of vegetable cover of soil (CVS) on weed phytosociology, physiological characteristics and fig production. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of six CVS managements: cover maintenance, weeding, lodging, mowing, application of herbicides diquat and glyphosate. For the constitution of the vegetal cover a consortium of three winter forage species, vetch and black oats sowed and the ryegrass remaining in the area of previous years were used. Thus, we evaluated the phytosociology of weeds present in the area, at two different times, assigning parameters related to frequency, density and abundance, which establish the species importance value index (IVI), besides the dry mass of the aerial part of the weeds. Physiological parameters and total fruit yield were evaluated at the end of the crop cycle. The different CVS management methods influenced the weed community, mainly in the diversity, density and dry mass of the aerial part. There is no interference in the physiological variables of the fig plants and in the total production of fig fruits. We highlight the maintenance of coverage and lodging as the most promising for the management of weeds found fig orchards.

scholarly journals Performance of soybean grown in succession to black oat and wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Julio Cezar Franchini dos Santos ◽  
Henrique Debiasi ◽  
Antônio Eduardo Coelho ◽  
Moryb Jorge Lima da Costa Sapucay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of isolated or combined roots and straw of black oat and wheat, as previous crops in autumn/winter, on the performance of soybean in succession. The experiment was carried out in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The following seven treatments were applied in the autumn/winter of 2017 and 2018, before soybean planting: fallow; straw of black oat or wheat, distributed on plots kept under fallow during autumn/winter, without roots; plots only with roots of black oat or wheat, without straw; and plots with straw and roots of black oat or wheat. Soybean crop performance was estimated using the following variables: plant density, leaf area index, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index, shoot dry matter, grain yield, and yield components. In comparison with fallow, the cultivation of black oat or wheat, as previous crops during the autumn/winter, increases soybean grain yield. The impact of the roots of black oat or wheat on soybean yield is similar to that of straw. Soybean agronomic performance is improved in the combined presence of roots and straw of black oat or wheat.

scholarly journals Components of resistance to Olivea neotectonae in Tectona grandis Linn F. as a criterion for selecting promising genotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 835-841
Author(s):  
Antonio Marcos Chimello ◽  
Jeferson Gonçalves de Jesus ◽  
Suelene Surubi de Melo ◽  
Isabela Vera dos Anjos ◽  
Milson Evaldo Serafim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Canonical Variables ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased

The aim of this paper was to identify the best components involving resistance to the O. neotectonae fungus, allowing for adequate selection of promising teak genotypes to explore in improvement programs or for disease management. Thirty different clonal teak genotypes were evaluated in a greenhouse from PROTECA Biotecnologia Florestal. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications and three plants per plot. The following characteristics were evaluated: average latent period, number of pustules per cm2, area below the number of pustules progress curve (ABNPPC), frequency of infection, and number of urediniospores per pustule. The data for the resistance characteristics were submitted to ANOVA and multivariate analysis applying grouping techniques and canonical variables. High genetic variability was observed among the 30 T. grandis genotypes regarding resistance to the O. neotectonae fungus. Both for the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), the canonical variables method and Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) the genotypes that showed the greatest resistance to the fungus were genotypes 03 and 10

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