scholarly journals Increased Internet Searches for Insomnia as an Indicator of Global Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multinational Longitudinal Study

10.2196/22181 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. e22181
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Ting-Wei Chiang ◽  
Yu-Lun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Internet Searches ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Background Real-time global mental health surveillance is urgently needed for tracking the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective This study aimed to use Google Trends data to investigate the impact of the pandemic on global mental health by analyzing three keywords indicative of mental distress: “insomnia,” “depression,” and “suicide.” Methods We examined increases in search queries for 19 countries. Significant increases were defined as the actual daily search value (from March 20 to April 19, 2020) being higher than the 95% CIs of the forecast from the 3-month baseline via ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) modeling. We examined the correlation between increases in COVID-19–related deaths and the number of days with significant increases in search volumes for insomnia, depression, and suicide across multiple nations. Results The countries with the greatest increases in searches for insomnia were Iran, Spain, the United States, and Italy; these countries exhibited a significant increase in insomnia searches on more than 10 of the 31 days observed. The number of COVID-19–related deaths was positively correlated to the number of days with an increase in searches for insomnia in the 19 countries (ρ=0.64, P=.003). By contrast, there was no significant correlation between the number of deaths and increases in searches for depression (ρ=–0.12, P=.63) or suicide (ρ=–0.07, P=.79). Conclusions Our analysis suggests that insomnia could be a part of routine mental health screening during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Increased Internet Searches for Insomnia as an Indicator of Global Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multinational Longitudinal Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Ting-Wei Chiang ◽  
Yu-Lun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Internet Searches ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Real-time global mental health surveillance is urgently needed for tracking the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to use Google Trends data to investigate the impact of the pandemic on global mental health by analyzing three keywords indicative of mental distress: “insomnia,” “depression,” and “suicide.” METHODS We examined increases in search queries for 19 countries. Significant increases were defined as the actual daily search value (from March 20 to April 19, 2020) being higher than the 95% CIs of the forecast from the 3-month baseline via ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) modeling. We examined the correlation between increases in COVID-19–related deaths and the number of days with significant increases in search volumes for insomnia, depression, and suicide across multiple nations. RESULTS The countries with the greatest increases in searches for insomnia were Iran, Spain, the United States, and Italy; these countries exhibited a significant increase in insomnia searches on more than 10 of the 31 days observed. The number of COVID-19–related deaths was positively correlated to the number of days with an increase in searches for insomnia in the 19 countries (ρ=0.64, <i>P</i>=.003). By contrast, there was no significant correlation between the number of deaths and increases in searches for depression (ρ=–0.12, <i>P</i>=.63) or suicide (ρ=–0.07, <i>P</i>=.79). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that insomnia could be a part of routine mental health screening during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The Impact of International Sanctions on Russian Financial Markets

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Mirzosaid Sultonov
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Price Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Stock Price Index ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Russia’s international comportment and geostrategic moves, particularly the invasion of Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea in 2014, caused a substantial change in its international economic and political relations. In response to Russia’s invasion, the United States of America, the European Union, and their allies imposed a series of sanctions. In this study, by applying an exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model to daily logarithmic returns of the ruble exchange rate and the closing price index of the Russian Trading System, we analyze how the returns and volatility of the exchange rate and the stock price index responded to the sanctions and oil price changes. The estimation results show that the sanctions have a significant positive short-term impact on exchange rate returns. Economic sanctions have a significant negative long-term impact on the returns and variance of the exchange rate and a significant positive long-term impact on the returns of the stock price index. Financial sanctions have a positive/negative long-term impact on the returns of the exchange rate/stock price index and a positive long-term impact on the variance of the exchange rate and the stock price index. Corporate sanctions have a positive long-term impact on exchange rate returns.

Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Females: Toward a Developmental, Psychobiological Integration

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope K. Trickett ◽  
Frank W. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Basic Theme ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

In the last decade, it has become clear that the sexual abuse of children is much more prevalent than previously realized and that such abuse has extensive mental health sequelae. Females are reported victims of sexual abuse much more often than males. The peak age of onset of sexual abuse for females is prepubertal—7 or 8 years of age—and the average duration fends to be about 2 years. The basic theme of this article is that there may be directly traceable mechanistic relationships between the impact of sexual abuse on specific psychological and biological developmental processes for females and some of the adult outcomes of that abuse. Specifically, it is proposed that, to understand the long-term impact of sexual abuse, it is necessary to investigate how it may interfere with both the psychological and the biological processes of pubertal development.

Cultural Pluralism and the Future of American Unity: The Impact of Illegal Aliens

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 800-813
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Pluralism ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Political Unity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Special Notice

This essay explores the question of the impact of illegal migration on American unity and cultural pluralism in the United States. Assuming that over time the descendents of undocumented workers now in the United States will behave substantially like descendants of those who immigrate legally, the author concludes that the long-term impact of illegal migration barely will be noticeable provided it is reduced substantially in the future. The process of acculturation will work in the same way for both groups as it has for other ethnic groups in the past, given comparable levels of education and length of family residence in the United States. The author takes special notice of the illegal migration of Spanish-speaking workers and hypothesizes that the behavior of their descendants will not differ from the descendants of other immigrants, legal or illegal, in ways that disrupt fundamental patterns of American political unity and cultural pluralism.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic control using restrictions and vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1355-1372
Author(s):  
Vinicius Piccirillo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Real Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Marquardt Algorithm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Methods Numerical

<abstract><p>This work deals with the impact of the vaccination in combination with a restriction parameter that represents non-pharmaceutical interventions measures applied to the compartmental SEIR model in order to control the COVID-19 epidemic. This restriction parameter is used as a control parameter, and the univariate autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) is used to forecast the time series of vaccination of all individuals of a specific country. Having in hand the time series of the population fully vaccinated (real data + forecast), the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is used to fit an analytic function that models this evolution over time. Here, it is used two time series of real data that refer to a slow vaccination obtained from India and Brazil, and two faster vaccination as observed in Israel and the United States of America. Together with vaccination, two different control approaches are presented in this paper, which enable reduces the infected people successfully: namely, the feedback and nonfeedback control methods. Numerical results predict that vaccination can reduce the peaks of infections and the duration of the pandemic, however, a better result is achieved when the vaccination is combined with any restrictions or prevention policy.</p></abstract>

scholarly journals Hidden scars: the impact of violence and the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najat Maalla M’jid
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hidden Scars ◽  
Do So

Abstract More than 1 billion children are exposed to violence every year. The devastating immediate and long-term impact of violence on the mental health of children is well established. Despite commitments made by the international community to end violence against children and support their mental health, there has been a serious lack of investment and capacity to provide quality, rights-based, culturally appropriate mental health care globally. The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic has magnified these challenges. This article outlines how the risk of children experiencing violence has increased and how the pandemic has weakened the capacity of child protection and mental health services to respond. The article argues for child protection, mental health and other core services to be prioritized during and after the pandemic. A failure to do so will undermine the international community’s ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and to fulfil its obligations under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The Mental Health of U.S. Parents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-335
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Lamar ◽  
Megan Speciale ◽  
Lisa K. Forbes ◽  
Courtney Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Problem Alcohol Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Evidence suggests parents experience unique pandemic-related stressors related to isolation, food insecurity, school closures, and unemployment. This study examined 1,048 U.S. parents’ depression, anxiety, stress, and alcohol and substance use behaviors during March and April 2020 to better understand the impact of pandemic-related conditions on parents’ mental health. Mean scores indicated severe levels of depression and stress and extremely severe anxiety. Nearly two thirds (74.7%) indicated alcohol use in the past month, with 26.5% scoring in the range for problem alcohol use. Almost half of the sample reported using at least one substance in the previous 2 weeks. Men had significantly higher alcohol consumption and substance use than women. Depression, anxiety, and stress were higher for parents who consumed alcohol or substances and had a history of depression or anxiety. The long-term impact of COVID-19 is unknown, and mental health care is likely to be in high demand moving forward.

Delivering Mental Health Assistance in the Wake of Natural and Manmade Disasters

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-66
Author(s):  
Alec Cecil
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Disaster Mental Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
The Impact

Disasters, both natural and manmade, seem to be occurring with increasing frequency in the United States and around the world. A single incident may affect many thousands of people. Collectively, many millions feel the impact of disaster every year. Addressing the psychological elements of such events has become recognized as a vital component of preparation, immediate response, and long-term recovery. This chapter reviews the major psychological aspects of disasters and disaster mental health (DMH) and highlights the importance of psychosocial assistance to survivors, responders, and others. DMH is designed to comfort and stabilize those affected, to promote effective coping, and to help maintain and restore inherent functioning. Factors that inhibit greater provision and utilization of these services are discussed, as is the importance of responding appropriately within the cultural environment of affected populations.

scholarly journals The Impacts Of Socio-Economic Challenge On Long-Term Physical and Mental Health In Retirement Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1057-1058
Author(s):  
Ilan Kwon ◽  
Sojung Park ◽  
BoRin Kim ◽  
ByeongJu Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite consistent evidence on the negative effect of social and economic challenges on health, little is known about the pattern of economic difficulties people experience and the impact of those challenging patterns on long-term health in later life. This study used the national data, Mid Life in the United States (MIDUS 3 in 2013-2014), to identify the different patterns of socio-economic challenges that older Americans (50-64 ages old) experienced during the Recession in 2008 and to examine the impact of past challenging experiences on physical and mental health in their later life. Socio-economic challenges included twenty-six items such as losing or moving a job, missing rent, selling or losing a home, bankruptcy, having debts, and cutting spending. We conducted the latent class analysis and regression while controlling other social determinant factors (e.g., education, employment status, poverty, etc.). The latent class analysis result found five patterns during the Recession: people who experienced various difficulties during the Recession, who moved their jobs, who experienced financial difficulties, who bought a home with decreased debts, and who experienced no difficulty. Compared to people with no challenging experience, those who needed to move their jobs but could make debt off during the Recession reported physically healthier, but not mentally healthier in later life. Interestingly, among this group, women reported more long-term physical health problems than men. The findings suggest the close connection between physical and mental health and the importance of long-term care for mental health among older adults in recovering from socio-economic challenges.

scholarly journals A national study of the impact of outpatient mental health services for children in long-term foster care

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Bellamy ◽  
Geetha Gopalan ◽  
Dorian E. Traube
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Outpatient Mental Health ◽  
Children In Foster Care ◽  
The Impact

Despite the tremendous mental health need evidenced by children in foster care and high rates of use of mental health services among children in foster care, little is known about the impact of outpatient mental health services on the behavioral health of this population. This study utilizes data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW), the first nationally representative study of child welfare in the United States. A subsample of 439 children who have experienced long-term foster care were included in this study. These data were used to estimate the impact of outpatient mental health services on the externalizing and internalizing behavior problems of children in long-term foster care. A propensity score matching model was employed to produce a robust estimate of the treatment effect. Results indicate that children who have experienced long-term foster care do not benefit from the receipt of outpatient mental health services. Study results are discussed in the context of earlier research on the quality of mental health services for children in foster care.

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