scholarly journals Trust Me, I’m a Chatbot: How Artificial Intelligence in Health Care Fails the Turing Test (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Powell
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
Social And Ethical Issues

UNSTRUCTURED Over the next decade, one issue which will dominate sociotechnical studies in health informatics is the extent to which the promise of artificial intelligence in health care will be realized, along with the social and ethical issues which accompany it. A useful thought experiment is the application of the Turing test to user-facing artificial intelligence systems in health care (such as chatbots or conversational agents). In this paper I argue that many medical decisions require value judgements and the doctor-patient relationship requires empathy and understanding to arrive at a shared decision, often handling large areas of uncertainty and balancing competing risks. Arguably, medicine requires wisdom more than intelligence, artificial or otherwise. Artificial intelligence therefore needs to supplement rather than replace medical professionals, and identifying the complementary positioning of artificial intelligence in medical consultation is a key challenge for the future. In health care, artificial intelligence needs to pass the implementation game, not the imitation game.

scholarly journals Trust Me, I’m a Chatbot: How Artificial Intelligence in Health Care Fails the Turing Test

10.2196/16222 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. e16222 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Powell
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
Social And Ethical Issues

Over the next decade, one issue which will dominate sociotechnical studies in health informatics is the extent to which the promise of artificial intelligence in health care will be realized, along with the social and ethical issues which accompany it. A useful thought experiment is the application of the Turing test to user-facing artificial intelligence systems in health care (such as chatbots or conversational agents). In this paper I argue that many medical decisions require value judgements and the doctor-patient relationship requires empathy and understanding to arrive at a shared decision, often handling large areas of uncertainty and balancing competing risks. Arguably, medicine requires wisdom more than intelligence, artificial or otherwise. Artificial intelligence therefore needs to supplement rather than replace medical professionals, and identifying the complementary positioning of artificial intelligence in medical consultation is a key challenge for the future. In health care, artificial intelligence needs to pass the implementation game, not the imitation game.

Directions and Opportunities in Health Informatics in British Columbia

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 299-301
Author(s):  
K. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Social

Abstract:The social changes, and changes in perceptions of the effectiveness of health care in British Columbia have resulted in a large number of recommendations in the report of the British Columbia Royal Commission on Health Care and Costs. Many of these recommendations have implications for health informatics. The British Columbia Government, in outlining a response, foresees a major change in the emphases of health care, which will involve four major areas of health informatics: network evolution, automation of the patient record, outcome- and other quality-related databases, and consumer health education. These themes are discussed, in the light of the opinions of academics, health care providers, and the health-informatics industry. The themes must be intercalated into the health informatics curriculum, to equip graduates for the challenges of B.C.’s changing health care system.

The Ethics of Social Information Retrieval

2011 ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Brendan Luyt ◽  
Chu Keong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Social Diversity ◽  
Technological Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Ethical Issues

In this chapter we discuss some of the social and ethical issues associated with social information retrieval. Using the work of Habermas we argue that social networking is likely to exacerbate already disturbing trends towards the fragmentation of society and a corresponding decline reduction in social diversity. Such a situation is not conducive to developing a healthy, democratic society. Following the tradition of critical theorists of technology, we conclude with a call for responsible and aware technological design with more attention paid to the values embedded in new technological systems.

scholarly journals AI in the headlines: the portrayal of the ethical issues of artificial intelligence in the media

AI & Society ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ouchchy ◽  
Allen Coin ◽  
Veljko Dubljević
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media

Abstract As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies become increasingly prominent in our daily lives, media coverage of the ethical considerations of these technologies has followed suit. Since previous research has shown that media coverage can drive public discourse about novel technologies, studying how the ethical issues of AI are portrayed in the media may lead to greater insight into the potential ramifications of this public discourse, particularly with regard to development and regulation of AI. This paper expands upon previous research by systematically analyzing and categorizing the media portrayal of the ethical issues of AI to better understand how media coverage of these issues may shape public debate about AI. Our results suggest that the media has a fairly realistic and practical focus in its coverage of the ethics of AI, but that the coverage is still shallow. A multifaceted approach to handling the social, ethical and policy issues of AI technology is needed, including increasing the accessibility of correct information to the public in the form of fact sheets and ethical value statements on trusted webpages (e.g., government agencies), collaboration and inclusion of ethics and AI experts in both research and public debate, and consistent government policies or regulatory frameworks for AI technology.

scholarly journals Nanotechnologies, Risks and Societal Concerns

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Gaymard ◽  
Wilson Engelmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Exact Science ◽  
Psychology And Law ◽  
Inherent Risk ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Ethical Issues ◽  
New Challenges

The question of nanotechnologies and societal concerns is a subject which has been developing for several years and constitutes an indicator of an evolution in the awareness of nanotechnologies as an inherent risk with social and ethical issues. Two disciplines in human and social sciences, social psychology and law, associate their fields of competence and their view of this new societal phenomenon. First an exploratory study of the social representation of nanotechnologies is conducted with Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) students vs Exact Science (ES) students. Results highlight differences between these two groups. Then Law and the challenges to appropriate the innovations brought about by nanotechnology is discussed. In the light of these two disciplines the question of knowing if the human and social science are ready to deal with these new challenges is debated.

Ethics and the clinician: the daily experience with motor neurone disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Susan Carroll-Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Motor Neurone ◽  
Motor Neurone Disease ◽  
Daily Experience ◽  
Patient Interaction ◽  
Value Judgements

Ethical issues in health care are typically perceived as arising from extreme situations which do not usually confront the average clinician. However, knowingly or otherwise, clinicians working with motor neurone disease deal daily with ethical issues in the form of value judgements, the application of choice limiting principles and the language of clinician-patient interaction.

scholarly journals Addressing Concerns toward Xenotransplantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hurst ◽  
Lluz Padilla ◽  
Wayne Paris ◽  
David Cooper ◽  
David Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Recent Commentary ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Ethical Issues ◽  
Do So

There is increasing attention being given toward social and ethical implications of xenotransplantation that may begin relatively soon. IN a recent commentary by Loebe and Parker, the authors address many of the social and ethical issues in regard to xenotransplantation, but do so only superficially. This letter to the editor responds to many of the points they raise.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Conversational Agents in Health Care: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison Milne-Ives ◽  
Caroline de Cock ◽  
Ernest Lim ◽  
Melissa Harper Shehadeh ◽  
Nick de Pennington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Care Services

BACKGROUND The high demand for health care services and the growing capability of artificial intelligence have led to the development of conversational agents designed to support a variety of health-related activities, including behavior change, treatment support, health monitoring, training, triage, and screening support. Automation of these tasks could free clinicians to focus on more complex work and increase the accessibility to health care services for the public. An overarching assessment of the acceptability, usability, and effectiveness of these agents in health care is needed to collate the evidence so that future development can target areas for improvement and potential for sustainable adoption. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness and usability of conversational agents in health care and identify the elements that users like and dislike to inform future research and development of these agents. METHODS PubMed, Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Excerpta Medica dataBASE), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, and the Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library were systematically searched for articles published since 2008 that evaluated unconstrained natural language processing conversational agents used in health care. EndNote (version X9, Clarivate Analytics) reference management software was used for initial screening, and full-text screening was conducted by 1 reviewer. Data were extracted, and the risk of bias was assessed by one reviewer and validated by another. RESULTS A total of 31 studies were selected and included a variety of conversational agents, including 14 chatbots (2 of which were voice chatbots), 6 embodied conversational agents (3 of which were interactive voice response calls, virtual patients, and speech recognition screening systems), 1 contextual question-answering agent, and 1 voice recognition triage system. Overall, the evidence reported was mostly positive or mixed. Usability and satisfaction performed well (27/30 and 26/31), and positive or mixed effectiveness was found in three-quarters of the studies (23/30). However, there were several limitations of the agents highlighted in specific qualitative feedback. CONCLUSIONS The studies generally reported positive or mixed evidence for the effectiveness, usability, and satisfactoriness of the conversational agents investigated, but qualitative user perceptions were more mixed. The quality of many of the studies was limited, and improved study design and reporting are necessary to more accurately evaluate the usefulness of the agents in health care and identify key areas for improvement. Further research should also analyze the cost-effectiveness, privacy, and security of the agents. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/16934

scholarly journals Refining Healthcare in Terms of Diabetic Care: Future Area of Scope for Artificial Intelligence

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 888-893
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medical Healthcare ◽  
Diabetic Care ◽  
Improve Health

Recently, the entire world is facing another noncommunicable disease known as Diabetics. Basic reasons behind this disease is not unique , but certainly may be due to an increase in economic burden, less activity, change in lifestyle, improper food intake and increase in the level of stress. This disease has its effects all over the ages in the world from child to old age people. Hence its treatment is a big challenge to the social and economic growth of every nation. Plenty of research is undergoing in this area to improve health care which requires certain modifications and validations by clinical trials. Advancement in artificial intelligence is able to provide unique solutions in the future. The basic motivation behind this paper is to study the entire innovation taking place in recent years in the area of diabetic prevention and detection. Continuous monitoring of blood glucose level by invasive and non-invasive sensor technology, diet monitoring system, activity monitoring, intelligent foot and artificial pancreas for diabetics is the major focus of this study. Also, these studies focus on complete medical healthcare solution by using artificial intelligence. This study will surely help to identify future scope in the area of diabetic and its prevention models which can act as a future of diabetic health care

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Conversational Agents in Health Care: Systematic Review

10.2196/20346 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. e20346
Author(s):  
Madison Milne-Ives ◽  
Caroline de Cock ◽  
Ernest Lim ◽  
Melissa Harper Shehadeh ◽  
Nick de Pennington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Care Services

Background The high demand for health care services and the growing capability of artificial intelligence have led to the development of conversational agents designed to support a variety of health-related activities, including behavior change, treatment support, health monitoring, training, triage, and screening support. Automation of these tasks could free clinicians to focus on more complex work and increase the accessibility to health care services for the public. An overarching assessment of the acceptability, usability, and effectiveness of these agents in health care is needed to collate the evidence so that future development can target areas for improvement and potential for sustainable adoption. Objective This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness and usability of conversational agents in health care and identify the elements that users like and dislike to inform future research and development of these agents. Methods PubMed, Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Excerpta Medica dataBASE), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, and the Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library were systematically searched for articles published since 2008 that evaluated unconstrained natural language processing conversational agents used in health care. EndNote (version X9, Clarivate Analytics) reference management software was used for initial screening, and full-text screening was conducted by 1 reviewer. Data were extracted, and the risk of bias was assessed by one reviewer and validated by another. Results A total of 31 studies were selected and included a variety of conversational agents, including 14 chatbots (2 of which were voice chatbots), 6 embodied conversational agents (3 of which were interactive voice response calls, virtual patients, and speech recognition screening systems), 1 contextual question-answering agent, and 1 voice recognition triage system. Overall, the evidence reported was mostly positive or mixed. Usability and satisfaction performed well (27/30 and 26/31), and positive or mixed effectiveness was found in three-quarters of the studies (23/30). However, there were several limitations of the agents highlighted in specific qualitative feedback. Conclusions The studies generally reported positive or mixed evidence for the effectiveness, usability, and satisfactoriness of the conversational agents investigated, but qualitative user perceptions were more mixed. The quality of many of the studies was limited, and improved study design and reporting are necessary to more accurately evaluate the usefulness of the agents in health care and identify key areas for improvement. Further research should also analyze the cost-effectiveness, privacy, and security of the agents. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/16934

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document