scholarly journals Web-Based Interventions to Promote Healthy Lifestyles for Older Adults: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Lavoie ◽  
Véronique Dubé
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Need Support ◽  
Quasi Experimental

BACKGROUND With the aging of the population and rising rates of chronic diseases, older adults need support if they are to adopt healthy lifestyles. Web-based interventions should be considered for this purpose, since they are easily accessed and can foster healthy lifestyles among older adults. However, the literature on such interventions discusses a variety of components and effects and provides only 2 syntheses of knowledge on web-based interventions with older adults. These studies focus on populations aged 50 years and older, whereas the components and effects of interventions for a population of older adults (ie, 65 years and older) may differ. In addition, these 2 syntheses examined only quantitative studies, although other types of studies (ie, qualitative) are available and could help advance knowledge in this field. A scoping review is therefore relevant in order to explore the extent of the literature on this subject. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study described by this protocol is to explore the extent of the literature (experimental, quasi-experimental, qualitative, systematic reviews, and grey literature) on the components and effects of web-based interventions as a way to promote healthy lifestyles among older adults. METHODS The databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and Joanna Briggs Library will be searched, in addition to the grey literature using Google Scholar and OpenGrey. Studies will be selected for the review by 2 researchers, working independently. The data will be synthesized based on the conceptualization of web-based interventions (ie, behavior change techniques, dispensation modes, and theories). A thematic analysis will be performed to summarize the components of the interventions studied. RESULTS The database search will begin in August 2020 and be completed in October 2020. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review should highlight web-based interventions designed to promote healthy lifestyles, as well as their components and effects, among people aged 65 years and older. These results could provide important guidance for intervention developers and designers in identifying the components of web-based interventions relevant to older adults and lead to further studies on this topic. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/23207

scholarly journals Web-Based Interventions to Promote Healthy Lifestyles for Older Adults: Protocol for a Scoping Review

10.2196/23207 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e23207
Author(s):  
Audrey Lavoie ◽  
Véronique Dubé
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Need Support ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Background With the aging of the population and rising rates of chronic diseases, older adults need support if they are to adopt healthy lifestyles. Web-based interventions should be considered for this purpose, since they are easily accessed and can foster healthy lifestyles among older adults. However, the literature on such interventions discusses a variety of components and effects and provides only 2 syntheses of knowledge on web-based interventions with older adults. These studies focus on populations aged 50 years and older, whereas the components and effects of interventions for a population of older adults (ie, 65 years and older) may differ. In addition, these 2 syntheses examined only quantitative studies, although other types of studies (ie, qualitative) are available and could help advance knowledge in this field. A scoping review is therefore relevant in order to explore the extent of the literature on this subject. Objective The purpose of the study described by this protocol is to explore the extent of the literature (experimental, quasi-experimental, qualitative, systematic reviews, and grey literature) on the components and effects of web-based interventions as a way to promote healthy lifestyles among older adults. Methods The databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and Joanna Briggs Library will be searched, in addition to the grey literature using Google Scholar and OpenGrey. Studies will be selected for the review by 2 researchers, working independently. The data will be synthesized based on the conceptualization of web-based interventions (ie, behavior change techniques, dispensation modes, and theories). A thematic analysis will be performed to summarize the components of the interventions studied. Results The database search will begin in August 2020 and be completed in October 2020. Conclusions This scoping review should highlight web-based interventions designed to promote healthy lifestyles, as well as their components and effects, among people aged 65 years and older. These results could provide important guidance for intervention developers and designers in identifying the components of web-based interventions relevant to older adults and lead to further studies on this topic. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/23207

Interventions to optimise medication prescribing and adherence in older people with cancer: A systematic scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i23-i24
Author(s):  
M Murphy ◽  
K Bennett ◽  
S Ryan ◽  
C Hughes ◽  
A Lavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Medication Prescribing ◽  
Broad Overview

Abstract Introduction Older adults with cancer often require multiple medications (polypharmacy) comprising cancer-specific treatments, supportive care medications (e.g. analgesics) and medications for pre-existing conditions. The reported prevalence of polypharmacy in older adults with cancer ranges from 13–92% (1). Increasing numbers of medications pose risks of potentially inappropriate prescribing and medication non-adherence. Aim The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview of evaluations of interventions to optimise medication prescribing and/or adherence in older adults with cancer, with a particular focus on the interventions, study populations and outcome measures that have been assessed in previous evaluations. Methods Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were searched from inception to 29th November 2019 using relevant search terms (e.g. cancer, older adults, prescribing, adherence). Eligible studies evaluated interventions seeking to improve medication prescribing and/or adherence in older adults (≥65 years) with an active cancer diagnosis using a comparative evaluation (e.g. inclusion of a control group). All outcomes for studies that met inclusion criteria were included in the review. Two reviewers independently screened relevant abstracts for inclusion and performed data extraction. As a scoping review aims to provide a broad overview of existing literature, formal assessments of methodological quality of included studies were not undertaken. Extracted data were collated using tables and accompanying narrative descriptive summaries. The review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines (2). Results The electronic searches yielded 21,136 citations (Figure 1). Nine studies met inclusion criteria. Included studies consisted of five randomised controlled trials (RCTs), including one cluster RCT, and four before-and-after study designs. Studies were primarily conducted in oncology clinics, ranging from single study sites to 109 oncology clinics. Sample sizes ranged from 33 to 4844 patients. All studies had a sample population with a mean/median age of ≥65 years, however, only two studies focused specifically on older populations. Interventions most commonly involved patient education (n=6), and were delivered by pharmacists or nurses. Five studies referred to the intervention development process and no studies reported any theoretical underpinning. Three studies reported on prescribing-related outcomes and seven studies reported on adherence-related outcomes, using different terminology and a range of assessments. Prescribing-related outcomes comprised assessments of medication appropriateness (using Beers criteria), drug-related problems and drug interactions. Adherence-related outcomes included assessments of self-reported medication adherence and calculation of patients’ medication possession ratio. Conclusion The main strength of this scoping review is that it provides a broad overview of the existing literature on interventions aimed at optimising medication prescribing and adherence in older adults with cancer. The review highlights a lack of robust studies specifically targeting this patient population and limited scope to pool outcome data across included studies. Limitations of the review were that searches were restricted to English language publications and no grey literature was searched. Future research should focus specifically on older patients with cancer, and exercise rigour during intervention development, evaluation and reporting in order to generate findings that could inform future practice. References 1. Maggiore RJ, Gross CP, Hurria A. Polypharmacy in older adults with cancer. The oncologist. 2010;15(5):507–22. 2. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–73.

scholarly journals LO84: The incidence of fall-related intracranial bleeding in older adults taking anticoagulants, antiplatelets and neither medication: a meta-analysis

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S38-S38
Author(s):  
K. de Wit ◽  
D. Nishijima ◽  
S. Mason ◽  
R. Jeanmonod ◽  
S. Parpia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Intracranial Bleeding ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Antiplatelet Medication ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Random Effect Models ◽  
Anticoagulant Medication

Introduction: It is unclear whether anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications increase the risk for intracranial bleeding in older adults after a fall. Our aim was to report the incidence of intracranial bleeding among older adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a fall, among patients taking anticoagulants, antiplatelet medications, both medications and neither medication. Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis, PROSPERO reference CRD42019122626. Medline, EMBASE (via OVID 1946 - July 2019), Cochrane, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects databases and the grey literature were searched for studies reporting on older adults who were evaluated after a fall. We included prospective studies conducted in the ED where more than 80% of the cohort were 65 years or older and had fallen. We contacted study authors for aggregate data on intracranial bleeding in patients prescribed anticoagulant medication, antiplatelet medication and neither medication. Incidences of intracranial bleeding were pooled using random effect models, and I2 index was used to assess heterogeneity. Results: From 7,240 publication titles, 10 studies met inclusion criteria. The authors of 8 of these 10 studies provided data (on 9,489 patients). All studies scored low or moderate risk of bias. The pooled incidence of intracranial bleeding among patients taking an anticoagulant medication was 5.1% (n = 5,016, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 4.1 to 6.3%) I2 = 42%, a single antiplatelet 6.4% (n = 2,148, 95% CI: 5.4 to 7.6%) I2 = 75%, both anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications 5.9% (n = 212, 95% CI: 1.3 to 13.5%) I2 = 72%, and neither of these medications 4.8% (n = 1,927, 95% CI: 3.5 to 6.2%) I2 = 50%. A sensitivity analysis restricted to patients who had a head CT in the ED reported incidences of 6.1% (n = 3,561, 95% CI: 3 to 8.3%), 8.4% (n = 1,781, 95% CI: 5.5 to 11.8%), 6.7% (n = 206, 95% CI 1.5 to 15.2%) and 6.6% (n = 1,310, 95% CI: 5.0 to 8.4%) respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of fall-related intracranial bleeding in older ED patients was similar among patients who take anticoagulant medication, antiplatelet medication, both and neither medication, although there was heterogeneity between study findings.

scholarly journals What does integrated care mean from an older person’s perspective? A scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e035157
Author(s):  
Michael T. Lawless ◽  
Amy Marshall ◽  
Manasi Murthy Mittinty ◽  
Gillian Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Coordinated Care ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Care Relationships ◽  
Integrated Or

ObjectiveTo systematically map and synthesise the literature on older adults’ perceptions and experiences of integrated care.SettingVarious healthcare settings, including primary care, hospitals, allied health practices and emergency departments.ParticipantsAdults aged ≥60 years.InterventionsIntegrated (or similarly coordinated) healthcare.Primary and secondary outcome measuresUsing scoping review methodology, four electronic databases (EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses) and the grey literature (Open Grey and Google Scholar) were searched to identify studies reporting on older adults’ experiences of integrated care. Studies reporting on empirical, interpretive and critical research using any type of methodology were included. Four independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction and analysis.ResultsThe initial search retrieved 436 articles, of which 30 were included in this review. Patients expressed a desire for continuity, both in terms of care relationships and management, seamless transitions between care services and/or settings, and coordinated care that delivers quick access, effective treatment, self-care support, respect for patient preferences, and involves carers and families.ConclusionsParticipants across the studies desired accessible, efficient and coordinated care that caters to their needs and preferences, while keeping in mind their rights and safety. This review highlights the salience of the relational, informational and organisational aspects of care from an older person’s perspective. Findings are transferable and could be applied in various healthcare settings to derive patient-centred success measures that reflect the aspects of integrated care that are deemed important to older adults and their supporters.

scholarly journals Barriers to effective prescribing in older adults: applying the theoretical domains framework in the ambulatory setting – a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Lau ◽  
Penny Lun ◽  
Wendy Ang ◽  
Keng Teng Tan ◽  
Yew Yoong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Ambulatory Setting ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Prescribing Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background As the population ages, potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in the older adults may become increasingly prevalent. This undermines patient safety and creates a potential source of major morbidity and mortality. Understanding the factors that influence prescribing behaviour may allow development of interventions to reduce PIP. The aim of this study is to apply the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore barriers to effective prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting. Methods A scoping review was performed based on the five-stage methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. From 30 Aug 2018 to 5 Sep 2018, we conducted our search on PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. We also searched five electronic journals, Google and Google Scholar to identify additional sources and grey literature. Two reviewers applied eligibility criteria to the title and abstract screening, followed by full text screening, before systematically charting the data. Results A total of 5731 articles were screened. Twenty-nine studies met the selection criteria for qualitative analysis. We mapped our results using the 14-domain TDF, eventually identifying 10 domains of interest for barriers to effective prescribing. Of these, significant domains include physician-related factors such as “Knowledge”, “Skills”, and “Social/Professional Role and Identity”; issues with “Environmental Context and Resources”; and the impact of “Social Influences” and “Emotion” on prescribing behaviour. Conclusion The TDF elicited multiple domains which both independently and collectively lead to barriers to effective prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting. Changing the prescribing climate will thus require interventions targeting multiple stakeholders, including physicians, patients and hospital/clinic systems. Further work is needed to explore individual domains and guide development of frameworks to aid guide prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting.

Psychosocial Depression Interventions for Dialysis Patients, With Attention to Latinos: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 910-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Sullivan ◽  
Namkee G. Choi ◽  
Christian E. Vazquez ◽  
Margaret A. Neaves
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Behavioral Problem ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Purpose: Depression is a common and debilitating condition that often goes undetected and untreated among people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We conducted a scoping review to identify psychosocial depression interventions for adult dialysis patients and gaps in depression care, with particular attention to Latinos, a group disproportionately affected by ESRD in the United States. Methods: We searched electronic databases and grey literature sources for studies in English and Spanish. Results: We found 36 studies including cognitive behavioral, problem-solving, hope, psychoeducation, expressive writing, and physical activity interventions. Twelve studies (33%) were U.S.-based, while the rest were conducted elsewhere. U.S.-based studies involved mostly individual-format cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions carried out during dialysis. CBTs showed the most promising effect on depression in both randomized clinical and quasi-experimental studies. Among 22 randomized trials reviewed, 1 reported participants with Latino/Hispanic ethnicity. Conclusions: More intervention research is needed for depression treatment with ESRD patients, especially Latinos.

scholarly journals Sedentary Behavior Research in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Bao ◽  
Si-Tong Chen ◽  
Yanlei Wang ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Clinical Populations

Background: The negative effects of sedentary behavior (SB) on public health have been extensively documented. A large number of studies have demonstrated that high prevalence of SB is a critical factor of all-cause mortality. Globally, the frequency of SB research has continued to rise, but little is known about SB in the Chinese population. Therefore, this review was conducted to scope the research situation and to fill the gaps related to the effects of SB in the Chinese population. Methods: Using a scoping review based on York methodology, a comprehensive search of published journal articles and grey literature was carried out through 12 databases. The literature research was conducted by two authors in July 2019, and included journal articles that targeted on the Chinese population were published between 1999 and 2019. The two authors screened the records independently and included those research topics related to SB in the Chinese population. Results: The number of included studies increased from 1 to 29 per year during the analyzed period, during which, a remarkable climb happened from 8 in 2013 to 19 in July 2019. Out of the 1303 screened studies, a total of 162 studies (81 English and 81 Chinese journal articles) met the inclusion criteria in this review. Most of the included studies (66.0%) reported the overall estimated prevalence of SB, in which, 43.2% of studies reported the average time of SB, and 40.0% of studies reported the cutoff point of SB. Besides this, 54.9% and 23.5% of studies focused on the outcomes and correlates/determinants of SB, and the proportions of studies based on testing the validation of measurement tools and on interventions were 3.7% and 4.9%, respectively. Nearly all of the reviewed articles used data from cross-sectional studies (75.9%) and longitudinal studies (13.6%), while intervention trials are less developed. The majority of the studies (64.8%) used self-reported surveys, and only 3.7% studies used device-based measurement tools. Furthermore, 35.8% of the included studies were focused on children and adolescents, while only a few studies investigated infants/toddlers and older adults. Both female and male were examined in most studies, and non-clinical populations were investigated in the context of SB in a relatively large number of studies. Conclusions: The number of research articles on SB in the Chinese population published per year has increased year by year, indicating a growing interest in this research area. More studies using population subgroup samples are needed, particularly among infants/toddlers, older adults, and clinical populations. To provide stronger evidence of the determinants and outcomes of SB, longitudinal studies using device-based measures of SB are required.

scholarly journals Identifying and understanding the health and social care needs of older adults with multiple chronic conditions and their caregivers: a protocol for a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e018247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elana Commisso ◽  
Katherine S McGilton ◽  
Ana Patricia Ayala ◽  
Melissa, K Andrew ◽  
Howard Bergman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Health And Social Care

IntroductionPeople are living longer; however, they are not necessarily experiencing good health and well-being as they age. Many older adults live with multiple chronic conditions (MCC), and complex health issues, which adversely affect their day-to-day functioning and overall quality of life. As a result, they frequently rely on the support of friend and/or family caregivers. Caregivers of older adults with MCC often face challenges to their own well-being and also require support. Currently, not enough is known about the health and social care needs of older adults with MCC and the needs of their caregivers or how best to identify and meet these needs. This study will examine and synthesise the literature on the needs of older adults with MCC and those of their caregivers, and identify gaps in evidence and directions for further research.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature using the updated Arksey and O’Malley framework. The literature will be identified using a multidatabase and grey literature search strategy developed by a health sciences librarian. Papers, reports and other materials addressing the health and social care needs of older adults and their friend/family caregivers will be included. Search results will be screened, independently, by two reviewers, and data will be abstracted from included literature and charted in duplicate.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review does not require ethics approval. We anticipate that study findings will inform novel strategies for identifying and ascertaining the health and social care needs of older adults living with MCC and those of their caregivers. Working with knowledge-user members of our team, we will prepare materials and presentations to disseminate findings to relevant stakeholder and end-user groups at local, national and international levels. We will also publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal.

scholarly journals Utility of fibrin sealants and the road ahead in plastic surgery: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Saffarzadeh ◽  
Taylor Kandler ◽  
Safal Parhar
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
The Road ◽  
Fibrin Sealants ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Cochrane Database

Objective:The objective of this scoping review is to examine the extent of literature on the utility and safety of various types of fibrin sealants in plastic surgery. Considerations such as consent, and cost profile will also be reviewed and identified as future research opportunities.Introduction:Since the approval of fibrin sealants in Europe in the 1970s, they have found their niche in various types of surgical operations, and their utility has led to a rise in popularity. However, the clinical applications of fibrin sealants are not fully synthesized, and important ethical and financial considerations are rarely discussed.Inclusion criteria:Studies reporting the application of commercially available fibrin sealants in plastic surgery procedures on humans of all age groups were included in this review. Additionally, published abstracts and all opinion pieces including commentaries and narrative reviews were exempt.Methods:The key information sources that will be searched are the following: Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and LILACS and grey literature sources. There are no limits placed on the searches. Each publication will be screened by two authors, and any conflict in the selection decision will be resolved by a third author to limit bias.

scholarly journals Multi-intervention Approach for Preventing and Management of Dementia among Elderly

2019 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ihda Al Adawiyah MZ ◽  
Neti Juniarti ◽  
Citra Windani Mambang Sari
Keyword(s):  
Family Involvement ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Intervention Approach ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Keywords Dementia ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Single Intervention ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Dementia is a symptom caused by memory diseases, cognitive and behavioral disorders.Various quantitative studies about the dementia interventions have been reported. However, most of the studies used single intervention which did not give a comprehensive approach for the client. The purpose of the article was to determine types of interventions that are effective to overcome dementia problems among elderly people. This review used a scoping review method. Electronic literature searching was conducted using databases: Google Scholar, Proquest, EBSCOhost, PubMed, Scopus and DOAJ, using keywords Dementia, Elderly, and Intervention. The inclusion criteria were:peer-reviewed articles, published between2007-2017, research design included quasi-experimental, experimental and Randomised Controlled Trial. Exclusion criteria were non-English papers and the sample size was fewer than 30 participants. Scoping review method were used. Results: A total of 38,100 papers were retrieved: however, 79 enter into the inclusion criteria, and further 60 papers were excluded. Thus, only 19 articles were included in the analysis. Five out of 19 articles used multi-interventions. The types of interventions were occupational therapy, physical activity, reminiscence program, diet, and cognitive therapy. Multi-intervention approach has shown more positive results compared to single intervention.However,most studies did not involve family or caregiver in the interventions. Multi-intervention studies have more potential to produce effective outcomes for treating or preventing dementia and improve quality of life than those with one intervention.Further research is requested to examine the effect of multi-intervention combined with family involvement to prevent or treat dementia among elderly in the community.  

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