Assessing Emotional Well-Being as a Result of Quarantining During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Breanne Wilson ◽  
Will Althoff
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Impacts

UNSTRUCTURED Emotional well-being can be negatively impacted by lack of social interaction. This study examined the effects of social isolation on emotional well-being. Respondents filled out a weekly survey for a period of 10 weeks, reporting their positive and negative affect (PANAS-X) and the effects of quarantine on their emotional well-being. Results indicate that quarantining had a negative effect on respondents’ emotional well-being. Activites and outings, suggested by the CDC, could potentially decrease the negative impacts of quarantine.

scholarly journals Coping With the COVID-19 Pandemic: Examining Gender Differences in Stress and Mental Health Among University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Prowse ◽  
Frances Sherratt ◽  
Alfonso Abizaid ◽  
Robert L. Gabrys ◽  
Kim G. C. Hellemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a wide variety of unprecedented challenges, many of which appear to be disproportionately affecting the mental health and well-being of young adults. While there is evidence to suggest university students experience high rates of mental health disorders, less is known about the specific impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on student mental health and how they are coping with this stress. To address this gap, we conducted an online study among undergraduate students (n = 366) to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academics, social isolation, and mental health, as well as the extent to which they have been implementing a variety of coping strategies. The pandemic had a more pronounced negative effect on female students' academics, social isolation, stress and mental health compared to male counterparts. Moreover, for females, frequent use of social media as a coping mechanism was associated with greater perceived negative impacts on their academic performance and stress levels, compared to males. However, frequent social media use related to similar negative mental health effects for both males and females. While male and female students both reported using substances to cope, for males the use of cannabis was associated with greater negative impacts on academic outcomes, stress and mental health compared to females. These findings highlight the need for adequate student support services across the post-secondary sector, and point to the importance of gender informed interventions to address the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic Restrictions in Italy. The Mediating Role of the Fear of COVID-19 in the Relationship between Positive and Negative Affect with Positive and Negative Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-710
Author(s):  
Andrea Zammitti ◽  
Chiara Imbrogliera ◽  
Angela Russo ◽  
Rita Zarbo ◽  
Paola Magnano
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

Italy was quickly hit hard by the coronavirus. ‘Lockdown’ has significantly impacted the psychological health, personal wellbeing and quality of life of the people. The study aims to explore the relationship between positive and negative affect, as well as positive (spiritual well-being and flourishing) and negative outcomes (psychological distress caused by a traumatic life event in terms of perception of PTSD symptoms) on Italian adults during the lockdown period. Data was collected between April and May 2020. The participants were 281 Italian adults aged between 18 and 73 years. The survey was composed of the following measures: Flourishing Scale, Jarel Spiritual Well-Being scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Impact of Event Scale—Revised, Fear of COVID-19. The mediational analysis shows that fear of COVID-19 fully mediates the relationship between negative affect and spiritual well-being and flourishing; fear of COVID-19 partially mediates the relationship between negative affect and PTSD symptoms; the positive affect shows only direct effects on positive outcomes. Therefore, fear of COVID-19 does not play any mediation role. Implications for psychological interventions and future research will be discussed.

scholarly journals Companion dog acquisition and mental well-being: a community-based three-arm controlled study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Powell ◽  
Kate M. Edwards ◽  
Paul McGreevy ◽  
Adrian Bauman ◽  
Anthony Podberscek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract Background Dog ownership is suggested to improve mental well-being, although empirical evidence among community dog owners is limited. This study examined changes in human mental well-being following dog acquisition, including four measures: loneliness, positive and negative affect, and psychological distress. Methods We conducted an eight-month controlled study involving three groups (n = 71): 17 acquired a dog within 1 month of baseline (dog acquisition); 29 delayed dog acquisition until study completion (lagged control); and 25 had no intentions of acquiring a dog (community control). All participants completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale (possible scores 0–60), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Kessler10 at baseline, three-months and eight-months. We used repeated measures ANCOVAs to analyse data with owner age and sex included as covariates. Post-hoc tests were performed for significant effects (p < 0.05). Results There was a statistically significant group by time interaction for loneliness (p = 0.03), with an estimated reduction of 8.41 units (95% CI -16.57, − 0.26) from baseline to three-months and 7.12 (95% CI -12.55, − 1.69) from baseline to eight-months in the dog acquisition group. The group by time interaction for positive affect was also significant (p = 0.03), although there was no change in the dog acquisition group. Conclusions Companion dog acquisition may reduce loneliness among community dog owners. Our study provides useful direction for future larger trials on the effects of dog ownership on human mental well-being. Trial registration This trial was retrospectively registered on 5th July 2017 with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000967381).

Length of Caregiving and Well-Being among Older Widowers: Implications for the Dual Process Model of Bereavement

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia E. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Significant Patterns ◽  
Family Contact

The intent of this study was to examine if length of caregiving was associated with older widowers' adjustment to bereavement and to identify factors, based on principles underlying the Dual Process Model of Bereavement, that might mitigate the potential adverse effects of time spent caring. Two-hundred men over the age of 60 and in the second year of bereavement were identified from death records of older women who had died within a 12-month period. Interviews lasted about 2 hours and focused on widowers' experiences surrounding their wives' deaths along with questions about social support, health, retirement, and other demographic information. The Bradburn Affect Scale was used to measure positive and negative affect. Restoration-oriented coping, such as starting new relationships and activities were measured. These variables included extent of family contact, number of friends, having a confidante, involvement with neighbors, and participation in sports and clubs. Time since death and demographic variables were used as controls. Hierarchical linear regression was conducted on positive and negative affect after which potentially moderating effects were analyzed. Results indicated that the most important influences on negative affect were time since death, ethnicity, and participation in clubs while for positive affect the most significant factors included length of caregiving, number of friends, and having a confidante. Although no interaction effects were significant, patterns emerged. Implications for applying the DPM with older bereaved men are made.

Gratitude Orientation Reduces Death Anxiety but Not Positive and Negative Affect

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna W. L. Lau ◽  
Sheung-Tak Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Induction Procedure

This study aims at investigating whether a gratitude induction procedure can reduce death anxiety and promote emotional well-being. Ninety Chinese undergraduate students were randomly assigned into one of three experimental conditions: gratitude, hassle, and neutral. In each condition, participants were instructed to spend 15–20 minutes to reflect on past events and to write up to five events of the designated category. Subsequently, they responded to measures of death anxiety and affect. Results showed that those in the gratitude condition reported much lower death anxiety than those in the neutral or the hassle group. However, gratitude had no effect on positive or negative affect. The findings suggest that the effect of gratitude may be specific to death anxiety, which does not occur in the context of the enhancement of overall emotional well-being.

scholarly journals Social Isolation and Psychological Distress Among Older Adults Related to COVID-19: A Narrative Review of Remotely-Delivered Interventions and Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Julie A. Gorenko ◽  
Chelsea Moran ◽  
Michelle Flynn ◽  
Keith Dobson ◽  
Candace Konnert
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
Negative Impacts

The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with several short- and long-term negative impacts on the well-being of older adults. Physical distancing recommendations to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV2-19 virus increase the risk of social isolation and loneliness, which are associated with negative outcomes including anxiety, depression, cognitive decline, and mortality. Taken together, social isolation and additional psychological impacts of the pandemic (e.g., worry, grief) underscore the importance of intervention efforts to older adults. This narrative review draws upon a wide range of evidence to provide a comprehensive overview of appropriate remotely-delivered interventions for older adults that target loneliness and psychological symptoms. These include interventions delivered by a range of individuals (i.e., community members to mental health professionals), and interventions that vary by implementation (e.g., self-guided therapy, remotely-delivered interventions via telephone or video call). Recommendations to overcome barriers to implementation and delivery are provided, with consideration given to the different living situations.

scholarly journals Negative Social Interaction and Psychological Well-Being on Female Basketball Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Zulfa Nur Umniyah ◽  
Berliana Berliana ◽  
Boyke Mulyana ◽  
Geraldi Novian
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Social Interactions ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Exercise can maintain a person's level of psychological well-being or also known as Psychological well-being (PWB), but on the other hand, it can also have a negative effect. Negative Social Interaction is one of the factors that have a negative effect on individuals from their environment during exercise. In terms of gender, women and sports are interrelated even though women have long been underestimated in sports, especially in sports that are considered masculine sports. This study examines the negative social interactions experienced by athletes in basketball. In basketball, negative social interactions can occur due to the assumption that basketball is a masculine sport, besides, that women are considered weaker than men. So this study aims to analyze the impact of Negative Social Interaction obtained by female basketball athletes on the Psychological well-being (PWB) of athletes. The instruments used were Negative Social Exchange (NSE) and Psychological Well-being Scale questionnaires as well as short interviews given to 24 female basketball athletes at the University of Indonesia Education. The results showed that NSI had a significant relationship with the PWB of female basketball athletes. The coach is one individual who plays a very important role in the condition of the athlete's PWB. Not only can it have a negative impact, but NSI can also be turned into a motivation that can encourage athletes to fight harder in the future. The author provides suggestions for coaches who handle female basketball athletes to be more careful when interacting with athletes and for basketball connoisseurs to better organize themselves in expression when enjoying this sport.

scholarly journals Disentangling dynamic affect trajectories for distinct depression courses during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Lunansky ◽  
Ria H. A. Hoekstra ◽  
Tessa Blanken
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Boston College ◽  
Measurement Moment ◽  
Affect States

Background. Why does adversity lead to mental health complaints in some, but not others? Individual differences in the development of depressive complaints are related to the regulation of affect states. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a prolonged period of perturbations to the daily lives of people across the globe, providing an unparalleled opportunity to investigate how fluctuations in positive and negative affect relate to the evolution of mood complaints.Methods. 228 participants from the Boston College daily sleep and well-being survey completed at least 20 assessments of positive and negative affect and depression complaints between March 20th 2020 and June 26th 2020. We explored affect trajectories throughout this period and estimated longitudinal multilevel network models. Furthermore, we investigated how individual network structures relate to changes in depression severity over time.Results. On average, positive affect was reported somewhat higher than negative affect. However, when separating affect trajectories based on the individuals’ depressive complaints, we identified that individuals consistently experiencing depressive complaints report higher levels of negative affect compared with positive affect. Contrary, individuals consistently reporting no depressive complaints show opposite results. Furthermore, we found many and strong associations in the multilevel network between the distinct affect states and depressive complaints. Lastly, we established that the higher the connectivity of an individual’s network, the larger their change in depressive complaints is.Conclusions. We conclude that affect fluctuations are directly related to the development of depressive complaints, both within- and across individuals, and both within a single measurement moment and over time.

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