scholarly journals Disentangling dynamic affect trajectories for distinct depression courses during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Lunansky ◽  
Ria H. A. Hoekstra ◽  
Tessa Blanken
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Boston College ◽  
Measurement Moment ◽  
Affect States

Background. Why does adversity lead to mental health complaints in some, but not others? Individual differences in the development of depressive complaints are related to the regulation of affect states. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a prolonged period of perturbations to the daily lives of people across the globe, providing an unparalleled opportunity to investigate how fluctuations in positive and negative affect relate to the evolution of mood complaints.Methods. 228 participants from the Boston College daily sleep and well-being survey completed at least 20 assessments of positive and negative affect and depression complaints between March 20th 2020 and June 26th 2020. We explored affect trajectories throughout this period and estimated longitudinal multilevel network models. Furthermore, we investigated how individual network structures relate to changes in depression severity over time.Results. On average, positive affect was reported somewhat higher than negative affect. However, when separating affect trajectories based on the individuals’ depressive complaints, we identified that individuals consistently experiencing depressive complaints report higher levels of negative affect compared with positive affect. Contrary, individuals consistently reporting no depressive complaints show opposite results. Furthermore, we found many and strong associations in the multilevel network between the distinct affect states and depressive complaints. Lastly, we established that the higher the connectivity of an individual’s network, the larger their change in depressive complaints is.Conclusions. We conclude that affect fluctuations are directly related to the development of depressive complaints, both within- and across individuals, and both within a single measurement moment and over time.

scholarly journals Group Game-Based Physical Activity Effects on Positive and Negative Affect of Male Adolescent Prisoners

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Free Dirga Dwatra
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Male Prisoners ◽  
Problem Drug

This report arises from a larger study that aims to investigate the mental health of adolescent prisoners. The Indonesian juvenile justice system locks up more than half of young offenders (Pratiwi & Faridah, 2019). Questions have been rise about the mental well-being of the adolescent. This study, with a sample of 28 male prisoners age between 14 to 18 years old, explored the effects of physical activity using group-based games on mental heath of adolescent prisoners. These participants showed many behavioral and emotional problems before entering and during their time in prison, such as: family problem, drug abuse,problems with peers and officers. The participants had three sessions of game activities in one week. The pretest-posttest design was used to collect the data. This experimental study measured with positive affect and negative affect scale (PANAS) by Watson, Clark, and Carey (1988). Results show that group games-based physical activity can increase positive affect M= 4.750 (Sig = 0.001) from pretest to posttest, and decrease negative affect M= 2.968 (Sig = 0.003) from pretest to posttest. This study aims to show that that group games-based physical activity can make their lives inside the prison would be meaningful.

scholarly journals Does Affect Influence Coping Styles among People from North India During the Pandemic? Implications for Psychological Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Verma ◽  
Meetu Khosla ◽  
Garima Goel
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
North India ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Coping Scale ◽  
Males And Females

Does affect influence coping styles among people from North India during the COVID pandemic? This study investigates how affective state influences the coping styles of people from North India and to examine its impact on psychological well-being. Coping styles, PA, negative affect, and psychological well-being of the sample (n=220; 105 males (46%) and 115 females (53.5%)) (Mean Age= 30.75) (SD= 15.36 years) were analysed during the pandemic. Coping styles were assessed using the Coping Scale (Hamby, Grych, & Banyard, 2013), psychological well-being was assessed using the Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being (Ryff and Keyes, 1995) and affect was evaluated using The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) (Watson, Clark, & Tellengen, 1988). The findings revealed that coping was positively related to psychological well-being but negatively related to Negative Affect (NA). Positive Affect (PA) was positively related to psychological well-being but negatively related to coping. Additionally, significant differences were seen in the PA and negative affect of males and females. Implications of psychological well-being are further discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of Gratitude and Materialism on Two Different Conceptualizations of Subjective Well-being

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rogelio Puente-Díaz ◽  
Judith Cavazos-Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Independent Components ◽  
First Order

The present investigation examined the influence of materialism and gratitude on subjective well-being under two different conceptualizations of this construct: subjective well-being as a construct with three independent components and subjective well-being as a second other factor with three first order factors. 386 participants from Mexico completed a battery of questionnaires measuring gratitude, materialism, positive and negative affect and life satisfaction. Results showed a negative influence of materialism on positive affect, life satisfaction and overall sense of subjective well-being and a positive influence on negative affect. Gratitude had a positive influence on positive affect, life satisfaction and overall sense of subjective well-being. Results also showed that gratitude did not influence negative affect directly, but indirectly through its influence on overall sense of subjective well-being. The implications of our findings were discussed.

The Relationship between External Events and Affect States in Older People

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laraine Winter ◽  
M. Powell Lawton ◽  
Robin J. Casten ◽  
Robert L. Sando
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Older People ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Conditions Of Stability ◽  
Affect States ◽  
The Relationship

Long-term and moderately short-term effects of bereavement and marriage on psychological well-being (PWB) among older people were investigated. The aspect of PWB that was examined was the prevalence of six affects, rated in terms of their frequency during the past year. Affect frequency of four groups was tested: Recently widowed, recently married, and widowed and married elders unselected for length of time in those marital statuses. As predicted, both length of time in the marital status and congruence between the positive event (marriage) and positive affect and between congruence of the negative event (bereavement and negative affect) were associated with group differences. Depressive affect was greatest among the recently bereaved but the recently-married, long-married, and longer-bereaved groups did not differ in depression. Positive affect was greatest among the recently married and other groups did not differ in this respect. Hostility, anxiety, shyness, and contentment were not predicted to differ among groups; in fact, contentment was least in the bereaved; shyness was least among the recently-married, and hostility was lowest among the long-widowed. Results are discussed in terms of the joint influences of time since a life event and the differential relevance of positive and negative affect states to positive and negative events. Continued research attention to the covariation of these factors in relation to the affective aspects of PWB is needed to understand the conditions of stability and change.

Positive and negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine in Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eulalia Santos ◽  
Vanessa Ratten ◽  
Ana Diogo ◽  
Fernando Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Factors

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly around the world and Portugal is no exception. Positive and negative effects are extremely important in individual's life experiences and in particular in the context of the quarantine, in which it is important to maintain the balance between favorable and unfavorable situations. The purpose of this paper is to study in depth the intensity of the affect during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal and to validate a scale of positive and negative affect in the context of quarantine and confinement. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used is of a quantitative nature, based on a questionnaire survey to measure the intensity of the affects and to analyze some sociodemographic variables. The sample consists of 726 individuals of age 18 years or older, who were in Portugal during the quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings The results show that respondents were concerned, anxious, well-disposed and impatient. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis applied to affects produced a latent structure with two factors: negative affect and positive affect. The affect scale has adequate convergent and discriminant validity and good internal consistency, with negative affect being experienced by individuals with greater intensity compared to positive affect. Originality/value It is hoped that this study contributes to an increase in the scientific knowledge in the field of the affects in the context of delicate situations such as the pandemic COVID-19 so that health professionals can intervene to improve individual’s well-being. This is an important way to provide better health policy that considers in more depth individual wellbeing and emotions during times of crisis. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also stated that highlight the importance of understanding emotional states of individuals during crisis events.

scholarly journals Flourishing Students: The Efficacy of an Extensive Positive Education Program on Adolescents’ Positive and Negative Affect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Laakso ◽  
Åse Fagerlund ◽  
Anu-Katriina Pesonen ◽  
Pekka Lahti-Nuuttila ◽  
Rejane A. O. Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Education ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
School Year ◽  
Cluster Randomized

AbstractThis study examined the efficacy of a classroom-based positive education program, Flourishing Students, on early adolescents’ positive and negative affect using a cluster randomized control trial (RCT) design. In total, 140 students (aged 10–12) participated in the study: 72 students participated in 32 well-being lessons during one school year, and 68 students followed the standard curriculum. Positive and negative affect (PANAS questionnaire), and daily positive and negative affect (experience sampling method, ESM) were gathered at baseline and post-intervention. PANAS data was also gathered at a follow-up 5 months after the intervention. Student questionnaire and ESM data indicated that the intervention had a beneficial impact on students’ positive affect and daily negative affect from baseline to post-intervention. No effect was seen in parental reports. Both qualitative data from focus group interviews with students and questionnaires for teachers supported the view that the students benefited from the program. Overall, these results demonstrate a positive effect of the positive education program on increasing positive affect and well-being among early adolescents.

scholarly journals Distinct Associations of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives with Well-Being: Mediating Role of Self-Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5547
Author(s):  
Zhijia Zeng ◽  
Hezhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
College Freshmen ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Mediating Role

The pursuit of hedonia and eudaimonia are two ways to fulfill the goal of a “good life”. While some studies report that both hedonic and eudaimonic motives improve well-being, others suggest that hedonic motives are counterproductive, raising the question of whether and why eudaimonic motives are more positively associated with well-being. We aimed to identify the distinct associations of hedonic and eudaimonic motives with well-being and investigate whether they are partly mediated by self-control. A total of 2882 college freshmen (1835 females, 1047 males, mean age 18.16 years) completed measures assessing hedonic and eudaimonic motives, self-control, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and eudaimonic well-being. Eudaimonic motives were associated with higher life satisfaction, more positive affect, less negative affect, and better eudaimonic well-being. In contrast, hedonic motives were positively associated with life satisfaction, while also being correlated with a greater degree of negative affect and impaired eudaimonic well-being. Self-control mediated the relationships between hedonic and eudaimonic motives and well-being. Eudaimonic and hedonic motives were positively and negatively related to self-control, respectively. Further, high self-control was associated with greater life satisfaction, positive affect, and eudaimonic well-being and lower negative affect. Thus, eudaimonic motives can lead to a better life than hedonic motives because the former enhance self-control, while the latter lower it.

scholarly journals The Onset of Falls Reduces Subjective Well-Being. Findings of a Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Hajek ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Older Individuals

Introduction: The prevalence of older individuals experiencing a fall is high. Moreover, falls can have deleterious effects on health status. Additionally, falls can affect the subjective well-being of individuals. However, there is a lack of studies examining the link between falls and subjective well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether the onset of falling is associated with (intraindividual) decreases in subjective well-being in men and women.Materials and Methods: Longitudinal data (from wave 5 to wave 6) were taken from a population-based sample of individuals residing in private households in Germany [in our analytical sample: 3,906 observations (men), and 3,718 observations (women)]. Positive and negative affect were quantified using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Life satisfaction was assessed using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).Results: Adjusting for various potential confounders, fixed effects regressions showed that the onset of falls was associated with a decrease in positive affect (β = 0.08, p < 0.01), and an increase in negative affect (β = 0.07, p < 0.01) among men. While the onset of falls was not associated with changes in positive affect in women, it was associated with a decrease in negative affect in women (β = 0.06, p < 0.05). Sex differences were significant. The onset of falls was not associated with decreases in life satisfaction in men, nor in women.Discussion: The present study particularly highlights the link between the onset of falls and reduced affective well-being among men. Avoiding falls may contribute to maintaining affective well-being among middle-aged and older men.

scholarly journals Positive and Negative Affect Mediate the Relationship Between Memory Lapses and Life Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 576-576
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Mogle ◽  
Nikki Hill ◽  
Sakshi Bharhava ◽  
Laura Rabin ◽  
Jennifer Turner
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aging is associated with declines and challenges, yet better subjective well-being. Life satisfaction is one aspect of well-being that may be sensitive to daily challenges. Daily memory lapses (e.g., forgetting words or meetings) are common and relevant for many adults. How individuals emotionally respond to challenges like memory lapses is a factor that could determine whether these experiences affect well-being. In a coordinated analysis of two datasets (N=561; ages 25-93 years) using multilevel modeling, we examined whether affective changes related to memory lapses mediated the relationship between memory lapses and life satisfaction. Results were similar across datasets: memory lapses were associated with reduced positive affect and increased negative affect. These associated affective changes also mediated the relationship between lapses and life satisfaction. We discuss the potential implications of our findings for linking proximal events and distal outcomes, and potentially intervening and identifying common challenges to mitigate broad reductions in well-being.

scholarly journals Impact of Job-Related Well-Being on the Relationship of Self-Efficacy With Burnout

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (63) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Pinto Pizarro Freitas ◽  
Claudia Sampaio Corrêa da Silva ◽  
Bruno Figueiredo Damásio ◽  
Sílvia Helena Koller ◽  
Marco Antônio Pereira Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Modeling Analysis

Abstract The levels of job-related affective well-being and occupational self-efficacy may act as protective factors against the development of burnout. Therefore, this study investigated the role of positive and negative affect as a mediator in the relations between occupational self-efficacy and the dimensions of burnout. The research participants were 584 professionals (87% female), mean age 37.8 (SD= 10.8). The results of the structural equation modeling analysis indicated that the relations of occupational self-efficacy with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were completely mediated by positive and negative affect. The relation between occupational self-efficacy and personal accomplishment was partially mediated by positive affect. Occupational self-efficacy was positively associated to positive affect and negatively related to negative affect. This study adds by showing the importance of developing interventions that promote the experience of positive affect and reduction of negative affect in occupational settings as a preventive strategy of burnout.

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