Epidemiology of Recurrent Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Henan Province, China: Observational study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Jinfeng Yin ◽  
Fangchao Liu ◽  
Yuxia Yao ◽  
Chao Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

BACKGROUND A subset of patients who complete standard treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) develop TB recurrence. OBJECTIVE This study characterized the epidemiological features of recurrent PTB patients to estimate recurrence probability associated with different smear test results and examine risk factors associated with recurrence. METHODS Using 2005-2018 provincial surveillance data from Henan, China, we described the epidemiologic and bacteriological features of recurrent PTB. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate hazards of recurrent PTB and calculate PTB recurrence probability and risk factors. RESULTS The number of PTB has been decreasing significantly for 14 years, however, the number of recurrent cases dramatically increased from 5 in 2005 to 2,234 in 2018. A total of 7,143 (1·5%) patients had recurrence, and 21·1% tested bacteriological positive on both laboratory tests (positive–positive), and 34·9% tested negative-negative. The first and second recurrence probability were increasing from 0.2% and 2.0% at 10 months to 0.6% and 5.2% at 40 months after the completion of treatment, respectively. Patients with different gender, age, infection type, treatment time and region have different recurrent probability and risk. CONCLUSIONS The increase of recurrent cases has become one of the new and emphasized stumbling block preventing China from achieving WHO’s target of eradicating TB and should actively enact measures to control based on its epidemiological characteristics.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, and prognostic factors of children with atopy hospitalised with adenovirus pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Li ◽  
Xiao-Hua Han ◽  
Li-Yun Liu ◽  
Hui-Sheng Yao ◽  
Li-Li Yi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Atopy may be associated with disease severity and a poor prognosis of human adenovirus (HAdV) pneumonia in children. Our aim was to observe the clinical characteristics and pulmonary radiological changes in children with atopy and HAdV pneumonia in China. Methods Children hospitalised with HAdV pneumonia from June 2018 to December 2019 were analysed. All children were divided into atopic with HAdV, non-atopic with HAdV, and atopic without HAdV infection group. Each group was further divided into the mild and severe pneumonia groups according to disease severity. Standard treatment was initiated after admission, and regular follow-up evaluations were conducted at 1 month after discharge. Baseline and clinical characteristics and pulmonary radiological changes in children with and without atopy were evaluated. Risk factors associated with small airway lesions in patients with HAdV pneumonia were analysed. Results The eosinophil count in the atopic group was significantly higher than that in the non-atopic group (P < 0.05). Severe coughing, wheezing, and small airway lesions on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) upon admission, after discharge and 1 month after discharge were significantly higher in the atopic group (with or without HAdV infection) than in the non-atopic group (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the number of patients with wheezing and small airway lesions during hospitalisation and after discharge among the three groups (P < 0.05). The risks of small airway lesions in children with a family or personal history of asthma, severe infection, atopy, and HAdV infection were 2.1-, 2.7-, 1.9-, 2.1-, and 1.4-times higher than those in children without these characteristics, respectively. Conclusions Children with atopy and HAdV pneumonia may experience severe coughing in mild cases and wheezing in mild and severe cases. Children with atopy are more susceptible to the development of small airway lesions, recurrent wheezing after discharge and slower recovery of small airway lesions as observed on pulmonary imaging than non-atopic children after HAdV infection. A family or personal history of asthma, atopy, severe infection, and HAdV infection are independent risk factors associated with the development of small airway lesion as observed on chest HRCT.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with repeat positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results among discharged COVID-19 patients

Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (48) ◽  
pp. e27933
Author(s):  
Yanru Cui ◽  
Jilin Wang ◽  
Gaofeng Wang ◽  
Xiuguo Xie ◽  
Lizhen Tian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Nucleic Acid Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Acid Test

scholarly journals Selected risk factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis among Saharia tribe of Madhya Pradesh, central India

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Rao ◽  
P. G. Gopi ◽  
J. Bhat ◽  
R. Yadav ◽  
N. Selvakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Central India ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Factors Associated

PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO Y FACTORES DE RIESGO DE MORTALIDAD EN ADULTOS CON COVID-19: ESTUDIO RETROSPECTIVO.

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayami Martínez Sosa ◽  
Oswaldo Vásconez Hatt ◽  
Katherine Rosero Arboleda ◽  
Fabian Zurita Alvarado ◽  
Mónica Hernández Lojano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
New Type ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

By the ending of 2019 a new type of coronavirus was identified named SARS-CoV 2, and now known to be the etiological agent of the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Known as coronavirus 2019 disease or (COVID-19) constitutes a challenge for the world in many unknown aspects and problems in public health. In Ecuador the first reported of a confirmed appeared on February 29 2020, and in March 12 an emergency health status is declared. Objective: To determine the epidemiological characteristics and factors related to death and survival in patients with COVID-19. Design: The study is of transversal retrospective design, the patients chosen were those seen in the respiratory or suspicious of COVID-19 area of Hospital Vozandes Quito between March 2 and April 30. Demographic data and related risk factors for mortality were obtained using the EPI-1 individual form, epidemiological research files, the VI Epi system and electronic promptuary of patients. Results: 250 patients were obtained for this study, 87 of those were confirmed COVID-19, out those eight died and 79 were alive at the ending of the follow up. Regarding the severity of illness, 61% of the patients were classified as mild and 6 % critical (p =<0.001). Elevated values of CRP (OR 1 IC 95% 1.000 – 1.024), age about 55 years old to diagnosis (OR 42,040 IC 95% 36,320 – 47,760) and the presence of hiporexia (OR 24 IC 95% 1.183 – 504.413) were associated with higher mortality levels amongst COVID-19 positive patients. Conclusions The majority of COVID-19 cases showed no serious manifestations, were treated symptomatically and home isolation. Elevated values of CRP and the presence of hiporexia at the diagnosis are factors consistently with death. Future investigations are required to determine the risk factors associated with worst clinical course and prognosis.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Mortality in Patients with Gastric Cancer at a Reference Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Francisca Bruna Arruda Aragão ◽  
Gerusinete Rodrigues Bastos dos Santos ◽  
Gabrielle Vieira Da Silva Brasil ◽  
Bruno Carvalho Campelo ◽  
Ana Patrícia Fonseca Coelho Galvão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Reference Hospital ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the second cause of death by tumor in the world. In Brazil, the survival rate of patients with GC is only five years, due to the low rates of early diagnosis, with about 10 to 15% of the cases. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the factors associated with mortality in CG patients treated at a reference hospital. Method: The study was carried out based on the survey of 96 medical records of patients diagnosed with GC, whose analyzed data were: sex, age, educational level, occupation (socioeconomic level), and risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of cancer, staging and type of treatment adopted, among other variables. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS-PC) and Kaplan-Meier for survival analysis. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for all variables. Results: The sample consisted mainly of male patients with stable union, brown-colored, who lived in the metropolitan region and presented low schooling. In addition, risk factors such as smoking and alcoholism presented a high prevalence in the sample. Regarding mortality, factors such as arterial hypertension (p = 0.1581), diabetes (p = 0.3212), and alcohol consumption (p = 0.6704) were not associated with increased mortality in this study.Conclusion: The clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with GC presented a low degree of tumor differentiation, with predominance of the mixed or unclassifiable subtype. In addition, the majority of the sample was composed of patients living in the metropolitan region and the main form of treatment adopted was surgical intervention in combination with chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Preoperative Anemia and Thrombocytosis Predict Adverse Prognosis in Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma With Tumor Thrombus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulin Ma ◽  
Xiao Ruotao ◽  
Xu Chuxiao ◽  
He Wei ◽  
Liu Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Tumor Thrombus ◽  
Preoperative Anemia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Metastatic Rcc ◽  
Grade Iii

Abstract Objection: The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic value of preoperative blood parameters in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and tumor thrombus (TT) treated surgically.Method: we retrospectively analyzed 152 patients diagnosis with RCC and TT and treated surgically. Clinicopathologic data and blood parameter were obtained. Univariable and multivariable analysis using the Cox regression model were performed to determine risk factors that were associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier curve and logistic regression were performed to analyze the risk factors.Results: Preoperative Hgb＜120g/L (HR=2.48, P=0.024) and lymph node metastasis (HR=3.98, P=0.032) were an independent prognostic factors associated with OS. Preoperative PLT≥300×109/L (HR=2.10, P=0.014) and lymph node metastasis (HR=3.42, P=0.021) were an independent prognostic factors associated with PFS. In Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, preoperative anemia had worse OS than without anemia (P=0.003) and thrombocytosis had worse PFS than without thrombocytosis (P=0.001). Preoperative anemia were associated with more symptomatic (P=0.009), surgical time≥6h (P=0.016), Blood loss≥1000ml (P=0.014), transfusion(P=0.012), higher thrombus level (III-IV) (P=0.004) and higher nuclear grade (III-IV) (P=0.002) while thrombocytosis were associated with more symptomatic (P=0.008) and higher nuclear grade (III-IV) (P=0.042)Conclusions: Preoperative anemia and thrombocytosis was associated with adverse prognosis in patients with non-metastatic RCC with TT. Both preoperative hemoglobin level and platelet count may be clinical useful for risk stratifying patients receiving operation for non-metastatic RCC with TT.

scholarly journals P0570THE INCIDENCE, RISK FACTORS OF ACUTE KIDNEY DISEASES AND DISORDERS AND ITS IMPACT ON CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN PATIENTS AFTER RADICAL CYSTECTOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengnan Ge ◽  
Ying Tang ◽  
Junzhe Chen ◽  
Wenjuan Yu ◽  
Anping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Radical Cystectomy ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Incidence Risk

Abstract Background and Aims Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a widely-discussed complication associated with the radical cystectomy which is the gold standard for the management of invasive bladder cancer. Until now, few studies investigate the new criteria named Acute Kidney Diseases and Disorders(AKD) as the complication of radical cystectomy. In this study, we evaluated the incidence, risk factors of AKD and evaluate its impact on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients after radical cystectomy. Method A total of 279 patients who underwent radical cystectomy at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China, from January 2006 to June 2019 were evaluated, including 168 patients for Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy (RLRC) and 111 patients for Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy(LRC). AKD was diagnosed according to the classification scheme proposed in the 2012 KDIGO guideline. Logistic regression modeling was used to explore risk factors of AKD, while risk factors associated with CKD in AKD patients were investigated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, respectively. Results The overall incidence of AKD after radical cystectomy was 34.1% (95 out of 279) ,the incidences differ significantly between the RLRC and LRC groups (67 [39.9%] vs 28 [25.2%], P=0.011). Among 279 patients, risk factors associated with postoperative AKD included RLRC (OR 2.067, 95%CI 1.188 to 3.595, P=0.010), Age (years) (OR 1.046, 95%CI 1.018 to 1.074, P=0.001), baseline eGFR&lt;60(ml/(min.1.73m2) (OR 2.662, 95%CI 1.355 to 5.230, P=0.004), Further subgroup analysis identified age, operation time&lt;250(min) as important risk factors of AKD in RLRC patients but not in LRC patients. Of 211 patients with a preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of &gt; 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, CKD developed in 16.0% (21/ 131) of patients in the non-AKD group and 36.3% (29/ 80) of patients in the AKD group. Kaplan-Meier analysis(shown in figure 1) identified that AKD is associated with higher CKD rates in those patients (P &lt;0.001). Conclusion One-third of bladder cancer patients developed AKD after after radical cystectomy. RLRC, Age, baseline eGFR &lt;60(ml/(min.1.73m2) were independent risk factors for postoperative AKD in all patients. Occurance of AKD could increase the risk of new-onset CKD in the long run. Though the use of RLRC is now well established, we should be aware that it may increase the risk of postoperative AKD, especially for patients who are old and with lower eGFR .Besides, we should try to improve the management of those AKD patients with aim toward preventing further development of CKD.

scholarly journals Rehospitalization rates of patients with schizophrenia discharged on haloperidol, risperidone or clozapine

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Werneck de Castro ◽  
Helio Elkis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
The Other ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Product Limit ◽  
Haloperidol Group

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rehospitalization rates of patients discharged from the Institute of Psychiatry of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Universidade de São Paulo Medical School while being treated with haloperidol, risperidone or clozapine. METHOD: This is a naturalistic study designed to monitor rehospitalization rates for patients discharged on haloperidol (n = 43), risperidone (n = 22) or clozapine (n = 31). Time to readmission over the course of three years was measured by the product-limit (Kaplan-Meier) method. Risk factors associated with rehospitalizations were examined. RESULTS: At 36 months, remained in the community 74% of the haloperidol-treated patients, 59% of the risperidone-treated patients and 84% of the clozapine-treated patients. The haloperidol group showed a higher proportion of women, a late age of onset and shorter length of illness than the other groups, whereas the opposite was observed in the clozapine group. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the rehospitalization rates of patients taking clozapine are lower than the rate for patients treated with haloperidol and risperidone. However confounding variables such as gender distribution and age of onset represent limitations that should be taken into account for the interpretation of the results.

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