Anxiety among Indian school children during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional online study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena T B
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Online Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

BACKGROUND Covid-19 has evoked crucial distress around the world. Globally policymakers and leaders have imposed lockdown measures to curb the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of anxiety among adolescent school going children of India during the lockdown period of the covid -19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE To analyze the anxiety of Covid-19 infection among the school children in India. METHODS : In this cross-sectional online survey, 6390 students were assessed for their anxiety levels using CAS (coronavirus anxiety scale) questionnaire. Five factors which is considered as the manifestation of anxiety that have been analysed in this study are dizziness, paralysis, sleep disturbance, stomach disturbance, loss of appetite (LOA) for two weeks. RESULTS Most of the respondents reported mild anxiety (94.8%); only 5.2% were found to be suffering from dysfunctional anxiety. Many of the respondents did not report financial crisis, agreed to watch COVID-19 related news on media, anxious about their career and had a neutral opinion about online class. Multiple linear regression analysis (adjusted and unadjusted) revealed that students reporting each response options for the five signs compared to students who have no anxiety have a significant contribution to the total score of anxiety. The anxiety level significantly increased with the family's financial issues, even among students who are satisfied with online classes, living in the containment zone and understandably tested positive for COVID -19. CONCLUSIONS The findings showing low anxiety level among our participants suggest that the government policy regarding dissemination of information regarding the disease, prevention of spread, measures are taken by the Government to manage patients, etc., could be the reasons behind such favourable findings. However, it has to be noted that the pandemic is far from over and might extend for an undefined period which might further increase anxiety among students.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices during the COVID-19 Outbreak in the Middle East: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4699
Author(s):  
Abdallah Y. Naser ◽  
Eman Zmaily Dahmash ◽  
Zahra Khalil Alsairafi ◽  
Hassan Alwafi ◽  
Hamad Alyami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scale Scores

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of the general public in the Middle Eastern countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted between the 19th of March and the 6th of April 2020 in three Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of the Middle Eastern population regarding COVID-19. A previously developed questionnaire was adapted and used for this study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of COVID-19 knowledge. Results: A total of 1208 participants (members of the public) participated from the three countries (Jordan = 389, Saudi Arabia = 433, and Kuwait = 386). The majority of participants (n = 810, 67.2%) were females aged 30 to 49 years (n = 501, 41.5%). Participants had moderate overall COVID-19 knowledge, with a mean (SD) score of 7.93 (±1.72) out of 12 (66.1%). Participants had better knowledge about disease prevention and control (83.0%), whereas the lowest sub-scale scores were for questions about disease transmission routes (43.3%). High education level was an important predictor of greater COVID-19 knowledge scores (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Further public education is needed to address the relatively low level of education regarding the transmission of COVID-19 in the Middle Eastern countries. Policymakers are recommended to develop informative COVID-19 related campaigns that specifically target young people (university students), unemployed individuals, and those with lower levels of education.

scholarly journals Who Suffered Most After Deaths Due to COVID-19? Prevalence and Correlates of Prolonged Grief Disorder in COVID-19 Related Bereaved Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suqin Tang ◽  
Zhendong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Traumatic Grief ◽  
Related Information

Abstract Background: Deaths by COVID-19 have left behind nearly 12 million recent bereaved individuals worldwide and researchers have raised concerns that the circumstances of COVID-19 related deaths will lead to a rise prevalence of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) cases. However, to date, no studies have examined the prevalence of PGD among people bereaved due to COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PGD and investigated demographic and loss-related factors associated with prolonged grief symptoms among Chinese individuals bereaved due to COVID-19.Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey conducted between September 1 and October 3, 2020. A total of 422 Chinese participants (55.5% males; 32.73 [9.31] years old) who lost a close person due to COVID-19 participated in the study. Demographic and loss-related information was collected, and self-reported prolonged grief symptoms were measured by a 13-item International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS: 1–65) and a 17-item Traumatic Grief Inventory Self Report (TGI-SR: 1–85). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors of levels of grief symptoms.Results: Prevalence of PGD was 37.8% screened by IPGDS and 39.9% by TGI-SR. No difference was found in levels of grief symptoms between participants whose close one died more than 6 months ago and those who experienced the loss less than 6 months ago. More severe prolonged grief symptoms was associated with losing a close person by COVID-19 rather than complications (B: 5.284; 95% CI: 0.521–10.047), losing a partner (B: 6.645; 95% CI: 2.547–10.743), child (B: 6.013; 95% CI: 0.128–11.899), parent (B: 5.554; 95% CI: 1.679–9.429), grandparent (B: 4.894; 95% CI: 0.690–0.097), feeling more traumatic about the loss (B: 1.574; 95% CI: 0.413–2.735), being closer to the deceased (B: 1.610; 95% CI: 0.368–2.851), and having more conflicts with the deceased (B: 0.743; 95% CI: -0.040–1.527).Conclusions: Echoing to researchers’ concerns, prevalence of PGD is high among people bereaved due to COVID-19. Individuals with higher risk of developing PGD should be identified and bereavement support should be offered as early as possible.

scholarly journals Increases in Psychological Flexibility Mediate Relationship Between Acute Psychedelic Effects and Decreases in Racial Trauma Symptoms Among People of Color

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 247054702110356
Author(s):  
Alan K. Davis ◽  
Yitong Xin ◽  
Nathan D. Sepeda ◽  
Albert Garcia-Romeu ◽  
Monnica T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Racial Trauma

Background Previous research showed acute psychedelic effects were associated with decreases in racial trauma (RT) symptoms among black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). Among samples comprised primarily of white participants, positive outcomes of psychedelic experiences have been mediated by increases in psychological flexibility. Therefore, we examined whether changes in psychological flexibility from before to after a psychedelic experience mediated the relationship between acute psychedelic effects and changes in RT symptoms among BIPOC. Methods This cross-sectional online survey study included 313 BIPOC (mean age = 33.1; SD = 11.2; female = 57%). A multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between acute psychedelic effects and decreases in RT symptoms in a nonclinical setting; a path analysis was used to explore whether changes in psychological flexibility mediated this relationship. Results Acute insight and challenging effects were significantly ( p < .001) associated with decreases in RT symptoms following a psychedelic experience. Increases in psychological flexibility partially mediated relationships between greater intensity of psychological insight and less intensity of challenging experiences and decreases in RT symptoms ( ps<.001). Conclusion This research suggests psychedelics confer potential benefits in decreasing RT symptoms among BIPOC and psychological flexibility may be an important mediator of these effects. Future research should test this hypothesis in a longitudinal clinical trial among BIPOC.

scholarly journals Who suffered most after deaths due to COVID-19? Prevalence and correlates of prolonged grief disorder in COVID-19 related bereaved adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suqin Tang ◽  
Zhendong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Traumatic Grief ◽  
Related Information

Abstract Background Deaths by COVID-19 have left behind nearly 12 million recent bereaved individuals worldwide and researchers have raised concerns that the circumstances of COVID-19 related deaths will lead to a rise prevalence of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) cases. However, to date, no studies have examined the prevalence of PGD among people bereaved due to COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PGD and investigated demographic and loss-related factors associated with prolonged grief symptoms among Chinese individuals bereaved due to COVID-19. Methods This was a cross-sectional online survey conducted between September 1 and October 3, 2020. A total of 422 Chinese participants (55.5% males; 32.73 [9.31] years old) who lost a close person due to COVID-19 participated in the study. Demographic and loss-related information was collected, and self-reported prolonged grief symptoms were measured by a 13-item International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS: 1–65) and a 17-item Traumatic Grief Inventory Self Report (TGI-SR: 1–85). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors of levels of grief symptoms. Results Prevalence of PGD was 37.8% screened by IPGDS and 29.3% by TGI-SR. No difference was found in levels of grief symptoms between participants whose close one died more than 6 months ago and those who experienced the loss less than 6 months ago. More severe prolonged grief symptoms assessed by IPGDS was associated with losing a close person by COVID-19 rather than complications (B: 5.35; 95% CI: 0.54–10.05), losing a partner (B: 7.80; 95% CI: 3.24–12.37), child (B: 8.15; 95% CI: 1.03–15.26), and parent (B: 5.49; 95% CI: 1.49–9.48) rather than losing a relative or a person with other relationship, feeling more traumatic about the loss (B: 1.71; 95% CI: 0.52–2.90), being closer with the deceased (B: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.34–2.86). Moreover, Losing a grandparent (B: 6.62; 95% CI: 0.53–12.71) and having more conflicts with the deceased (B: 1.05; 95% CI: − 0.008–2.11) were related to higher levels of grief symptoms assessed by TGI-SR. Conclusions Echoing researchers’ concerns, the prevalence of PGD is high among people bereaved due to COVID-19. Individuals with a higher risk of developing PGD should be identified and bereavement support should be offered as early as possible.

scholarly journals Perceived Social Norms as Determinants of Adherence to Public Health Measures Related to COVID-19 in Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putu Ayu Indrayathi ◽  
Pande Putu Januraga ◽  
Putu Erma Pradnyani ◽  
Hailay Abrha Gesesew ◽  
Paul Russel Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Perceived Social Norms

Introduction: Before the widespread availability of an effective COVID-19 vaccine, it is crucial to control the rate of transmission by ensuring adherence to behavioral modifications, such as wearing masks, physical distancing, and washing hands, all of which can be implemented as public health measures. Focusing on the conditions in Bali, this study explored the level of compliance to public health measures targeted at COVID-19 and identified the determinants of compliance via the values, rules, and knowledge approach.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted an online survey using the Google Form application from June 29 to July 5, 2020. The minimum required sample size was 664. Inclusion criteria were set as follows: 18 years of age or older and residing in Bali during the data collection period. Adherence was measured based on nine protocol indicators that were rated using a four-point Likert scale. A multiple linear regression analysis was then conducted to determine the associated factors of adherence to public health measures.Results: Of the 954 survey respondents, data from 743 were included for analysis. The average level of adherence to public health measures was 32.59 (range of 20–36). The linear regression analysis showed that perceived health benefits from public health measures, being female, and having COVID-19 test histories were significantly associated with adherence to public health measures.Conclusions: For public health measures targeted at COVID-19, adherence was strongly associated with perceived social norms, in which individuals played social community roles by adapting to standardized public health measures. It is thus imperative for governments to support and monitor public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Who suffered most after deaths due to COVID-19? Prevalence and correlates of prolonged grief disorder in COVID-19 related bereaved adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suqin Tang ◽  
Zhendong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Traumatic Grief ◽  
Related Information

Abstract Background: Deaths by COVID-19 have left behind nearly 12 million recent bereaved individuals worldwide and researchers have raised concerns that the circumstances of COVID-19 related deaths will lead to a rise prevalence of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) cases. However, to date, no studies have examined the prevalence of PGD among people bereaved due to COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PGD and investigated demographic and loss-related factors associated with prolonged grief symptoms among Chinese individuals bereaved due to COVID-19.Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey conducted between September 1 and October 3, 2020. A total of 422 Chinese participants (55.5% males; 32.73 [9.31] years old) who lost a close person due to COVID-19 participated in the study. Demographic and loss-related information was collected, and self-reported prolonged grief symptoms were measured by a 13-item International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS: 1–65) and a 17-item Traumatic Grief Inventory Self Report (TGI-SR: 1–85). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors of levels of grief symptoms.Results: Prevalence of PGD was 37.8% screened by IPGDS and 29.3% by TGI-SR. No difference was found in levels of grief symptoms between participants whose close one died more than 6 months ago and those who experienced the loss less than 6 months ago. More severe prolonged grief symptoms assessed by IPGDS was associated with losing a close person by COVID-19 rather than complications (B: 5.35; 95% CI: 0.54–10.05), losing a partner (B: 7.80; 95% CI: 3.24–12.37), child (B: 8.15; 95% CI: 1.03–15.26), and parent (B: 5.49; 95% CI: 1.49–9.48) rather than losing a relative or a person with other relationship, feeling more traumatic about the loss (B: 1.71; 95% CI: 0.52–2.90), being closer with the deceased (B: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.34–2.86). Moreover, Losing a grandparent (B: 6.62; 95% CI: 0.53–12.71) and having more conflicts with the deceased (B: 1.05; 95% CI: -0.008–2.11) were related to higher levels of grief symptoms assessed by TGI-SR. Conclusions: Echoing to researchers’ concerns, prevalence of PGD is high among people bereaved due to COVID-19. Individuals with higher risk of developing PGD should be identified and bereavement support should be offered as early as possible.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Eating Speed Is Associated With Overweight Among Chinese School-Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
qing gong ◽  
X Li ◽  
J Wang ◽  
Y Zhang
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese School ◽  
Eating Fast

Abstract PurposeThis study aimed to examine the association between eating speed and overweight in Chinese school-children. MethodsIn all, 664 schoolchildren (10-12 y) from 3 primary schools participated in this study in China. Their height and body weight were measured. Information about eating speed and other lifestyle behaviors was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for overweight. ResultsData from 629 students were analyzed. 26.2% of participants reported they were eating fast. The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was 22.9%, and the mean of sleep duration was 9.69 (SD= 0.63) hours (Table 1). In the multiple linear regression analysis, eating speed was negatively associated with BMI (B=-0.70; P﹤0.05) and TG (B=-0.16; P﹤0.05). In addition, participants who ate fast were more likely to be overweight (OR=1.81, 95% CI= 1.19 to 2.75) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. ConclusionsThis study indicates that eating fast is associated with overweight among Chinese school-children.Level of evidenceLevel V; cross-section descriptive study

scholarly journals “Knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 during its outbreak: a multinational cross-sectional study”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Y Naser ◽  
Eman Zmaily Dahmash ◽  
Hassan Alwafi ◽  
Zahra Khalil Alsairafi ◽  
Ahmed M. Al Rajeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe emergence of COVID-19 globally coupled with its unknown aetiology and its high transmission rate has created an unprecedented state of emergency worldwide. Public knowledge and awareness about COVID-19 are essential in suppressing its pandemic status.MethodA cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted between 19th of March and 6th of April 2020 in three Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of Middle Eastern population towards COVID-19. A previously developed questionnaire was used. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of COVID-19 knowledge.ResultsA total of 1,208 participants were involved in this study from the three countries (Jordan = 389, Saudi Arabia = 433, and Kuwait = 386). The majority of participants (n = 810, 67.2%) were females and aged 30 to 49 years (n = 501, 41.5%). Participants had moderate overall COVID-19 knowledge with a mean score of 7.93 (±1.72) out of 12, 66.1%. Participants had better knowledge about disease prevention and control with 83.0%, whereas the lowest sub-scale scores were for questions about disease transmission routes (43.3%). High education level was an important predictor of greater COVID-19 knowledge scores (p<0.01).ConclusionMiddle Eastern participants are of a relatively low level of knowledge about COVID-19, particularly regarding its transmission routes. Policymakers are recommended to develop informative COVID-19 related campaigns targeted specifically towards university students, unemployed individuals and those with lower levels of education.

The Effect of Investments and Risk Based Capital (RBC) of Tabarru Funds on Company (Case Study of Sharia Insurance in Indonesia for 2014-2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Nana Diana ◽  
Tati Apriani
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
Investment Returns ◽  
The Government

This study aims to examine the influence of investment returns and Risk Based Capital (RBC) Tabarru Funds to the profit of sharia life insurance in Indonesia from 2014-2019. This study The type of this research is quantitative research with descriptive verification as a method. This research method uses descriptive verification method with quantitative approach. The data used in this study were sourced from the financial statements of Islamic life insurance companies in Indonesia for the 2014-2019 period. Then the data obtained were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing consisting of t test and f test with the help of SPSS 21 software. The sampling technique uses non probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that the development of investment returns on Sharia Life Insurance in Indonesia has fluctuated and even suffered losses. While the development of Risk Based Capital (RBC) has increased and decreased but overall above 120% as determined by the government. Likewise, the profits earned in each year fluctuate. The results of statistical tests show that investment results partially have a positive effect on profit and Risk Based Capital (RBC) of Tabarru funds partially has a negative effect on profit. Simultaneously investment return and Risk Based Capital (RBC) affect on profit. In addition, the results of the coefficient of determination (R2) were obtained which obtained a value of 81%. This shows that the variable investment returns and Risk Based Capital (RBC) can affect earnings by 81% and the remaining 19% is influenced by other variables not used in this study.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TAX COMPLIANCE TERHADAP PENYAMPAIAN SPT TAHUNAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Mela Cyntia Sani ◽  
Khuznatul Zulfa Wafirotin ◽  
Ika Farida Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Online Systems ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Government

Individual Taxpayers (WPOP) experience problems every year due to difficulties in filling out SPT. The Directorate General of Taxes issued a new policy in providing easy Notification Services (SPT) using online systems namely e-Filling and e-SPT. The policy taken by the government turned out that there were still many obstacles faced by the KPP Pratama Ponorogo Tax Office regarding ponorogo's lack of understanding related to filling out SPT manually or online using e-SPT and e-Felling. So that this certainly can make taxpayers object to the submission of Annual Tax Returns, especially in terms of calculating the tax payable which must be calculated on its own. Data collection is done by using primary data in the form of questionnaires. The samples processed in this study were 100 respondents who were distributed to individual taxpayers registered at KPP Pratama Ponorogo. Data analysis method uses validity test and reliability test, hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the awareness of taxpayers, taxpayer intentions, taxpayer attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral control and ease of tax return filling process affect Tax Compliance (tax compliance) submission of Annual Tax Returns. This is because taxpayers know, understand and implement taxation provisions correctly and voluntarily so as to increase taxpayer compliance in fulfilling their obligations and are willing to report taxes with their own awareness.

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