Characterization and Selection of Materials for Air Biofiltration in Fluidized Beds

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amel Leslous ◽  
Arnaud Delebarre ◽  
Pascaline Pré ◽  
Stéphane Warlus ◽  
Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Fluidized Beds ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Hydrophobic Compounds ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Selection Of

A methodology is described for the selection of the best material to employ in a fluidized biofilter applied to volatil organic compounds (VOC) treatment. Two different supports were considered: one natural, scrap wood, and one synthetic, polyurethane foam. In a first part, the main objective was to establish the fluidizability of the selected solids. Particles of increasing moisture content were tested in rigs equipped with different air distribution technologies. Maps of flow regimes were drawn by varying air velocity and bed height. In the second part, the sorption capacities of the selected materials were evaluated at different humidity levels for a soluble organic compound (ethanol) and an insoluble one (toluene). Their ability for supporting viable microorganisms was then measured. Fine particles with 45% moisture content fluidized with the tuyere distributor in channeling and slugging regimes, whereas the conical distributor generated a spouted bed regime. Coarse wood particles with 45% moisture commonly used in fixed bed biofilters were considered as less suitable due to limitations borne by their fluidization regimes. Finally polyurethane foam filled with Agar gel could not endure the mechanical stress to which particles are subjected in fluidized beds. It was shown that a 45% moisture content was optimum to ensure transfer for both soluble and hydrophobic compounds. Considering the biological criterion, it appeared that a 45% humidity level was sufficient to ensure biomass growth and biodegradation of pollutants on fine scrap wood particles.

scholarly journals Fixed-bed drying of grains: analysis of the structural properties of packed-beds of non-spherical particles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Carmo Ferreira ◽  
Heitor O Nogueira Altino
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Porous Alumina ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Packed Beds ◽  
Convective Mass Transfer ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Alumina Particles

Structural properties of packed-beds of non-spherical biological materials were investigated. The particles tested were oats, lentil, barley and soy, with sphericity ranging from 0.4 to 0.8. Porous alumina particles with sphericity of 0.98 were also included. The particles dimensions and sphericity were measured under moisture content ranging from the equilibrium up to 24% (dry basis). Mean voidage, bulk density, permeability and tortuosity of the packed-beds were obtained in the whole moisture range. The data were used as input into a correlation to predict Sherwood numbers under constant air velocity and the results were compared to evaluate the influence of packing characteristics on convective mass transfer. Keywords: Sphericity; Permeability, Tortuosity, Fixed-Bed Dryers.

Crush Response of Polyurethane Foam-Filled Aluminium Tube Subjected to Axial Loading

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chawalit Thinvongpituk ◽  
Nirut Onsalung
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Asymmetric Mode ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Collapse Mode ◽  
Empty Tube ◽  
Foam Filled

In this paper, the experimental investigation of polyurethane (PU) foam-filled into circular aluminum tubes subjected to axial crushing was presented. The purpose of this study is to improve the energy absorption of aluminium tube under axial quasi-static load. The aluminium tube was made from the AA6063-T5 aluminium alloy tubes. Each tube was filled with polyurethane foam. The density of foam was varied from 100, 150 and 200 kg/mP3P including with empty tube. The range of diameter/thickness (D/t) ratio of tube was varied from 15-55. The specimen were tested by quasi-static axial load with crush speed of 50 mm/min using the 2,000 kN universal testing machine. The load-displacement curves while testing were recorded for calculation. The mode of collapse of each specimen was analyzed concerning on foam density and the influence of D/t ratio. The results revealed that the tube with foam-filled provided significantly increment of the energy absorption than that of the empty tube. While the density of foam and D/t ratios increase, the tendency of collapse mode is transformed from asymmetric mode to concertina mode.

Optimization of a Biomass Micro-Gasification Process for the Production of Synthesis Gas From Palm Shell

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz M. Ahumada ◽  
Arnaldo Verdeza ◽  
Antonio J. Bula
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Output Variable ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Air Speed

This paper studied, through an experiment design, the significance of particle size, air speed and reactor arrangement for palm shell micro-gasification process in order to optimize the heating value of the syngas obtained. The range of variables was 8 to 13 mm for particle size, 0.8–1.4m/s for air velocity, and updraft or downdraft for the reactor type. It was found that the particle size and air velocity factors were the most significant in the optimization of the output variable, syngas heating value. A heating value of 2.69MJ / Nm3 was obtained using a fixed bed downdraft reactor, with a particle size of 13 mm and 1.4 m/s for air speed; verification of the optimum point of operation under these conditions verified that these operating conditions favor the production of a gas with a high energy value.

The effect of pressure on the flow of gas in fluidized beds of fine particles

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1935-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Barreto ◽  
J.G. Yates ◽  
P.N. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Beds ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Effect Of Pressure

scholarly journals DEPENDENCE OF THE PERFORMANCE COEFFICIENT ON THE AVERAGE HARMONIC DIAMETER OF POLYURETHANE FOAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Л. Сулейманова ◽  
Lyudmila Suleymanova ◽  
А. Кочерженко ◽  
A. Kocherzhenko ◽  
И. Рябчевский ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Composition Properties

Currently in Russia, great importance is attached to actual issues of energy saving and energy efficiency in construction. Valid regulations require addressing issues related to improving the energy efficiency of buildings. The development and manufacture of new types of effective thermal insulation materials is one of the ways to solve assigned tasks. The use of industrial waste from mining and processing plants as a filler for polyurethane foam is considered in this paper. Samples from the filtration field of the tailings of Stoilensky GOK from various sites are taken as the studied raw materials; their granulometric, chemical compositions and harmonic diameters of the filler particles are determined. According to the calculation results, the dependence of the foaming coefficient on the average harmonic diameter of the filler is determined. The experiment-planning matrix is developed; according to its results, mathematical models are constructed for the dependence of the foaming coefficient of laboratory samples of polyurethane foam filled with tails. Three tail zones based on the results of sampling are considered. Analyzing the obtained results, a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the influence of each factor individually and their combination on the change in the “composition - properties” system is derived.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Pengeringan Biji Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Menggunakan Alat Pengering Surya Adriyarkara Termodifikasi

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-360
Author(s):  
Athul Fadhli ◽  
Diswandi Nurba ◽  
Raida Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Average Relative Humidity

Abstrak. Jagung merupakan tanaman penghasil karbohidrat terpenting. Pengeringan jagung pipil menggunakan alat pengering merupakan proses untuk menghasilkan jagung pipil yang siap diolah untuk pembuatan tepung jagung dengan batas kadar air tertentu sehingga menghaslkan jagung pipil dengan kualitas yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji karakteristik pengeringan biji jagung menggunakan alat pengering surya Termodifikasi. Metode penelitian  menggunakan 3,15 kilogram jagung pipil dengan kadar air awal 22% untuk proses pengeringan. Parameter yang dianalisis terkait alat pengering kolektor surya yaitu temperatur, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan udara dan iradiasi surya, sedangkan parameter yang dianalisis terkait bahan yaitu kadar air, lama waktu pengeringan, laju pengeringan dan organoleptik. Prosedur penelitian terdiri dari pengujian kosong dan pengujian dengan menggunakan jagung pipil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa temperatur rata-rata dalam rak pengering sebelum dilakukan modifikasi yaitu 44,4oC, temperatur rata-rata setelah dilakukan modifikasi yaitu 55,5oC dan temperatur rata-rata rak pengering pada pengeringan menggunakan jagung pipil yaitu 46,96oC. Kelembaban relatif rata-rata dalam rak pengering sebelum dilakukan modifikasi yaitu 40,1%, kelembaban relatif rata-rata dalam rak pengering setelah modifikasi yaitu 35,1% dan kelembaban relatif rata-rata pengeringan menggunakan jagung pipil yaitu 44,45%. Dari hasil pengukuran tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai temperatur dan kelembaban pada alat setelah modifikasi lebih baik dibandingkan sebelum alat dimodifikasi. Pengukuran temperatur dan kelembaban relatif terdiri dari 4 titik pengukuran yaitu rak 1A,1B dan rak 2A, 2B. Kecepatan udara rata-rata yang diukur konstan yaitu 0,7 m/s pada ruang pengering, sedangkan lingkungan 1,1 m/s. Total iradiasi surya selama pengeringan yaitu 1848,84 W/m2. Kadar air jagung pipil masing-masing rak yaitu rak 1A 14,29%, rak 1B 14,47%, rak 2A 13,91% dan rak 2B 14,1%. Hasil dari pengujian organoleptik, panelis agak menyukai jagung pipil yang dikeringkan menggunakan alat pengering tersebut.Characteristics of Seed Drying (Zea mays L.) Using a Modified Adriyarkara Solar DryerAbstract. Corn is the most important carbohydrate plant. Drying corn using a drying tool is a process to produce corn that are ready to be processed for making corn flour with a certain water content limit so as to produce corn with good quality. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of drying of corn kernels using a modified solar dryer. The research method used 3,15 kilogram of corn milled with the initial moisture content of 22% for drying process. The parameters analyzed in relation to solar collector dryers are temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and solar irradiation, while the parameters analyzed are materials such as moisture content, drying time, drying rate and organoleptic. The research procedure consists of unloaded testing and testing using corn. The results showed that the average temperature in the dryer tray before modification was 44,4°C, the average temperature after modification was 55,5°C and the average temperature of the dryer tray on drying using corn was 46,96oC. The average relative humidity in the dryer tray before modification is 40,1%, the average relative humidity in the dryer tray after modification is 35,1% and the average relative humidity of drying using corn is 44,45%. From the measurement results show that the value of temperature and humidity in the tool after modification is better than before. Measurement of temperature and relative humidity consist of 4 point of measurement that is tray 1A, 1B and tray 2A, 2B. Average mean air velocity measured is 0,7 m/s at the dryer room, while the environment is 1,1 m/s. Total solar irradiation during drying is 1848,84 W/m2. Moisture level of corn each shelves tray 1A is 14,29%, tray 1B is 14.47%, tray 2A is 13,91% and tray 2B is 14,1%. As a result of organoleptic testing, panelists rather like dried corn using the dryer.

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK KAYU SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight)Walp.) BERDASARKAN POSISI KETINGGIAN PADA BATANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Erma ◽  
Fadiilah H Usman ◽  
. Muflihati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Lightweight Construction ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Wood Demand ◽  
Selection Of

Physical and mechanical properties of wood is one of the basic properties that need to be known in the selection of wood, because the physical and mechanical properties of wood are not the same height on the stem. Increased wood demand gives the opportunity to use wood that is not yet known for its marketing, one of which is Salam wood (Syzygium polianthum (Wight) Walp). The purpose of this research was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of Salam wood based on the height of the stem so that Salam wood can be optimally utilized by testing based on Classification SNI – 5 PKKI 1961. Methods of making test and test examples based on British Standard Methods No. 373-1957. The results showed that Salam wood has physical properties with an average  brown colour, the moisture content 3,13 % , density  0,58 kg/cm2 , Depreciation 2,59 %. Salam has mechanical properties with an average height position stem from base to tip with Modulus of Elastiscity (MOE)  97.701,54 , Modulus of Rupture (MOR) 659,18  and  Modulus Crushing  Streang 342,86 . Salam can be classified into strong class III and based on its properties and mechanics, it is suitable for use as a lightweight construction and furniture.Keywords: Density, depreciation, MCS, MOE, moisture content, MOR

scholarly journals Void and Moisture Content of Fiber Reinforced Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
Nurul Zuhairah Mahmud Zuhudi ◽  
Afiq Faizul Zulkifli ◽  
Muzafar Zulkifli ◽  
Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya ◽  
Nurhayati Mohd Nur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, a short review on the void and moisture content studies of fiber reinforced composites for both, synthetic and natural based fibers are presented. The review summarized the research papers in which include experimental and theoretical works that related to the void and moisture content studies. In addition to that, this review paper highlighting a few research studies conducted in literature on the effects of the void and moisture on the mechanical performances of the composite. Few common measurement methods used for the void and moisture determination are discussed here. The aims of this short review, mainly to capture the trend ranging from the recent five years back and summarize the various studies and also to compare and conclude the most common method for the determination of the void and moisture content. This paper is mainly providing a baseline in the selection of the methods for the future work of the author’s work with regard to the reduction of the presence of voids and moisture occur during the impregnation process of fiber reinforced composites, especially when using natural-based fiber.

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