Treatment of Cork Wastes in a Conical Spouted Bed Reactor

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J San Jose ◽  
Sonia Alvarez ◽  
Alvaro Ortiz de Salazar ◽  
Alberto Morales ◽  
Javier Bilbao
Keyword(s):  
Granular Materials ◽  
Particle System ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Spouted Bed ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Glass Spheres ◽  
Geometric Factors ◽  
Hydrodynamic Study

The applicability of conical spouted bed reactors for the treatment of cork caps has been studied by means of a hydrodynamic study with homogeneous beds of cork of different size in different experimental conditions. The validity of the ranges of the geometric factors of the contactor and of the contactor-particle system for stable spouting established in previous papers and of the equation for the calculation of the minimum spouting velocity proposed for granular materials and glass spheres has been proven for beds consisting of cork. The suitable design of the conical spouted bed reactor for the combustion of cork wastes requires the previous knowledge of the ranges of the geometric factors of the contactor and of the contactor-particle system for stable spouting.

Hydrodynamic study of a mixture of west Indian cherry residue and soybean grains in a spouted bed

2013 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Bortolotti ◽  
K. G. Santos ◽  
M. C. C. Francisquetti ◽  
C. R. Duarte ◽  
M. A. S. Barrozo
Keyword(s):  
West Indian ◽  
Spouted Bed ◽  
Hydrodynamic Study

Computationally generated constitutive models for particle phase rheology in gas-fluidized suspensions

2018 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 318-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yile Gu ◽  
Ali Ozel ◽  
Jari Kolehmainen ◽  
Sankaran Sundaresan
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Particle System ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Particle Collision ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Particle Volume ◽  
Volume Fractions ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Rate Of Dissipation

Developing constitutive models for particle phase rheology in gas-fluidized suspensions through rigorous statistical mechanical methods is very difficult when complex inter-particle forces are present. In the present study, we pursue a computational approach based on results obtained through Eulerian–Lagrangian simulations of the fluidized state. Simulations were performed in a periodic domain for non-cohesive and mildly cohesive (Geldart Group A) particles. Based on the simulation results, we propose modified closures for pressure, bulk viscosity, shear viscosity and the rate of dissipation of pseudo-thermal energy. For non-cohesive particles, results in the high granular temperature $T$ regime agree well with constitutive expressions afforded by the kinetic theory of granular materials, demonstrating the validity of the methodology. The simulations reveal a low $T$ regime, where the inter-particle collision time is determined by gravitational fall between collisions. Inter-particle cohesion has little effect in the high $T$ regime, but changes the behaviour appreciably in the low $T$ regime. At a given $T$, a cohesive particle system manifests a lower pressure at low particle volume fractions when compared to non-cohesive systems; at higher volume fractions, the cohesive assemblies attain higher coordination numbers than the non-cohesive systems, and experience greater pressures. Cohesive systems exhibit yield stress, which is weakened by particle agitation, as characterized by $T$. All these effects are captured through simple modifications to the kinetic theory of granular materials for non-cohesive materials.

scholarly journals Study of a delayed-release system for hard and soft capsules coated with eudragit® s100 acrylic polymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48422
Author(s):  
Luciana Arantes Soares ◽  
Eduardo Crema
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Spouted Bed ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Enteric Coating ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Acrylic Polymers ◽  
Release System ◽  
Delayed Release ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application

The objective of this study was to evaluate a pH-dependent system of ileocolonic release of active ingredients using the polymer Eudragit® S100. A spouted bed was used in the coating process of soft capsules containing palm oil and of hard capsules containing glutamine under standardised experimental conditions. The height and diameter of the palm oil and glutamine capsules were measured using a calliper. The following variables were analysed: Eudragit® S100 dispersion amount used in the capsule coating process, nozzle air pressure, nozzle air flow rate, spray rate and temperature of the spouted bed coating process. The Eudragit® S100 dispersion formulation, trademarked as Quickstart® by Evonik Industries, was used with modifications to prepare the enteric coating. The results showed that the adequate temperature for the spouted bed coating process was 50°C and that 0.2 mL of 6.5% Eudragit® S100 coating per cm2 capsule was resistant for 60 minutes at pH 6.8. The findings demonstrate the pharmaceutical application of Eudragit® S100 in the modification of the coating and the preparation of a delayed-release system of hard and soft capsules, thus enabling ileal release of active ingredients.

Spectral Properties of K2PtCl6-KI-Protein Associated Particle Systems and its Application to Resonance Scattering Spectral Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 552-556
Author(s):  
Qing Ye Liu ◽  
Hao Ying Zhai ◽  
Ai Hui Liang
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Particle System ◽  
Resonance Scattering ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fluorescence Peak

In suitable pH value of Walpole buffer solution and in the presence of surfactant Triton X-10 and alcohol, PtCl62- reacts with I- to form PtI62-. By means of the electrostatic and hydrophobic forces, proteins with positive charge, such as human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), human immunoglobulin (IgG) and ovalbumin (OVA), associates with PtI62- to form stable [protein-(PtI6)n]m association particles which cause substantial enhancement of Rayleigh scattering and interface fluorescence. They produce three Rayleigh scattering peaks at 330 nm, 420 nm and 464 nm and a resonance scattering peak at 580 nm, among which the strongest peak is at 464 nm. The four kinds of protein association particle system all exhibit a strong fluorescence peak at 466 nm, while the HSA fluorescence peak at 360 nm was quenched with the formation of the association particle. The cause of the Rayleigh scattering peaks of the association particle system was considered in detail, and the relationship between the Rayleigh scattering and fluorescence of the association particle (the means diameter is about 470 nm) and the fluorescence quenching of HSA was interpreted. Under the optimal experimental conditions, there is a good linear relationship between the scattering intensity (I464 nm) and protein concentration in the range of 0.05~25μg/mL HSA, 0.05~25μg/mL BSA, 0.3~30μg/mL IgG and 0.1~16μg/mL OVA respectively, with a detection limit of 20 ng/mL HSA, 26 ng/mL BSA, 40 ng/mL IgG and 70 ng/mL OVA. This assay has been applied to the determination of the albumin of human serum samples with satisfactory results.

DEM Simulation of the Particle Mixing in Spouted Bed of Three Solids Differing in Diameter

2011 ◽  
Vol 48-49 ◽  
pp. 362-365
Author(s):  
Wei Bing Zhu ◽  
Run Ru Zhu ◽  
Li Chao Xing ◽  
Xiao Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Particle System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rolling Friction ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Particle Systems ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Spouted Bed ◽  
Dem Simulation ◽  
Particle Mixing

In this work, the mixing characteristic of ternary diameter particle system in a rectangular spouted bed was carried out three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM). In particular, the standard k- two-equation model and the Beer & Johnson equation were adopted to investigate the influence of turbulence and rolling friction, and Ashton mixing index was adopted to evaluate the dynamic mixing process of the ternary diameter particle systems. The particle velocity profiles, the gas-solid flow patterns, the particles distribution and the effect of gas velocity on mixing are discussed.

Solid Velocity in Shallow Spouted Beds Consisting of Solids of Varying Density

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. San Jose ◽  
Sonia Alvarez ◽  
Alberto Morales ◽  
Alvaro Ortiz de Salazar ◽  
Martin Olazar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Spouted Beds ◽  
Geometric Factors

The vertical component of solid velocity has been measured in shallow spouted beds by means of an optical fibre, for different geometric factors of the contactor (angle and inlet diameter) and under different experimental conditions (height of the stagnant bed, particle diameter and air velocity). The study has been carried out with glass beads and materials of lower density (high- and low-density polyethylene, polypropylene and extruded and expanded polystyrene) in the spout zone of shallow spouted beds. The calculation of velocity along the axis has been carried out by solving a force balance rising along the spout and the core of the fountain.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation Study on Flow and Fracture of Granular Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Mingqing Liu ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Guangkun Liu ◽  
Peng Shan ◽  
Zhimin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Numerical Algorithm ◽  
Fracture Process ◽  
Particle System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
Granular System ◽  
Exploratory Stage ◽  
The Relationship

Flow and fracture of granular materials under external loads is a complex mechanical process, and the research on its law is still in the exploratory stage. In this paper, the flow and fracture law of granular materials is taken as the research object, and numerical algorithm compilation and program development are combined to study. Taking full advantage of the existing algorithms and developing new ones based on the existing DEM theory, a numerical simulation program for the flow and fracture of granular materials is developed. The flow and fracture process of concrete spherical granular system with diameter of 4 cm under loading rate of 70 mm/min and end of loading of 50 kN is taken as an example to verify the simulation program. At the same time, the loading experiment of the concrete spherical particle system under the same simulation conditions was also carried out. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results in three aspects: the generation location of the particle system, the relationship between the whole load and displacement, and the degree of particle breakage. The results show that the numerical simulation is in good agreement with the experimental results, which verifies the reliability of the numerical algorithm and the simulation program, and can provide support for the study of the flow and fracture process of granular materials.

Some factors affecting the evaporation of water from soil II. The discontinuity of the drying process

1927 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Granular Materials ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Different Parts

Some of the factors affecting the rate of loss of water from a drying system are shortly reviewed. These factors fall into two groups: (1) the drying system itself, and (2) the environmental conditions. The second group may include (a) diffusion of water vapour through the air, (b) bulk air movements due to (i) temperature gradients between different parts of the drying vessel, (ii) temperature lowering of the drying mass itself due to evaporation, (iii) lower density of moist air, (iv) inevitable disturbances introduced by experimental conditions such as weighing or movement of apparatus, (v) the geometry of the system. It is shown that of the external factors the most important are (2 (a)), (2 (b) (i)) and (2 (b) (ii)); (2 (b) (iv)) may produce irregularities in the rate curves of airdry granular materials; (2 (b) (iii)) and (2 (b) (v)) appear to have little or no effect.

Hydrodynamic Study of a Water-Propelled Rocket: An Undergraduate Experiment in Fluid Mechanics

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen E. Thorncroft ◽  
Christopher C. Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
A Value ◽  
Hydrodynamic Study ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Polytropic Exponent

An undergraduate experiment has been developed to measure the performance of a pressurized water rocket and compare test data to an analytical model developed from fluid momentum. A rocket and test stand were developed to measure the net thrust of the rocket, as well the air pressure and temperature inside the rocket, as a function of time. The model compares well to test data from four conditions, combinations of two initial water heights and two initial air pressures. The air in the rocket was assumed to under go polytropic expansion, and a value of 1.1 for the polytropic exponent was found to best fit the model to all experimental conditions. Experimental observations also reveal that, at higher air pressures, the air mixes with the expelled water, resulting in a two-phase flow that reduces the net thrust of the rocket. A pedagogical approach is also developed for the experiment and is described indetail.

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