Effect of Osmotic Pre-Treatment on the Air-Drying Behavior and Quality of Plum Tomato Pieces

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne S Brooks ◽  
Abdel E Ghaly ◽  
Nabiha H Abou El-Hana
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Critical Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Behavior ◽  
Critical Moisture ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cut Surface

The air-drying behavior and quality of plum tomato pieces after pre-treatment with different osmotic solutions was investigated. Four pre-treatment solutions (comprised of salt, sugar and/or calcium lactate), three sample geometries (halves, quarters and eighths) and two air-drying temperatures (55 and 65°C) were studied. During osmotic pre-treatment, the moisture loss of the tomato pieces decreased with osmotic pressure. The proportion of skin to cut surface area was found to be important for osmotic moisture loss. As the percentage of cut surface area decreased (59.6%, 47.6% and 25.3% for the eighths, quarters and halves, respectively) and the percentage of skin on the sample increased, the percentage osmotic moisture loss also decreased. At an air-drying temperature of 55°C, the critical moisture content for storage (15%, wet basis) for the pre-treated halves, quarters and eighths was reached after 25-27, 15-18 and 9-12 hours, respectively. At 65°C, the critical moisture content was reached after 16-19, 9-13 and 6-8 hours, respectively. In both cases, the osmotic pre-treatment reduced the critical drying time. The reduction in moisture ratio over time was described by an exponential model (R2 values ? 0.92). The specific drying rate increased with osmotic pre-treatment and was more affected by air-drying temperature than the type of osmotic solution, while the geometry of the samples had no significant effect. Air-dried samples with osmotic pre-treatment were closer to the color of fresh tomato than samples without pre-treatment.

Experiment on the Mechanics Properties of Hot-Pepper in the Process of Hot-Air Drying

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 571-576
Author(s):  
Xue Bi Zhang ◽  
Si Yu Chen ◽  
Wen Fu Wu ◽  
Ya Qiu Zhang ◽  
Chun Shan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Variation Tendency

In order to reduce the damage rate of hot-pepper in the process of drying and transportation, and to improve the quality of dried hot-pepper. In this paper, the mechanical properties of hot-pepper were studied in the process of hot-air drying. The experimental results showed that the hot-pepper’s compressive ability dropped with the decrease of moisture content after the moisture content reached the safe moisture content. With the moisture content decreasing, the variation tendency of the elastic modulus and tensile strain of hot-pepper were first increased and then decreased and finally tended to be stable when it reached 12％. Effect of hot-pepper’s shape on tensile strain is greater than on the maximum load and displacement in the process of drying.

Study on Critical Moisture Content of Unsaturated Evaporation

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 2643-2646
Author(s):  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Wen Long Hu ◽  
Jin Lu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Critical Moisture Content ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Critical Moisture ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Soil Water Characteristic Curves ◽  
Water Contents

Thin layer evaporation tests of three types of soil were conducted by a newly designed humidity-controllable evaporation and penetration measuring system and lasted for 8 days. The whole process of sample mass variation from wet to dry was recorded in the laboratory. The critical moisture content and air-dried moisture content were obtained from evaporation curve, which divided the evaporation process of thin layer unsaturated soil into three stages, including stable rate stage, reducing rate stage and residual stage. The soil water characteristic curves of soils were predicted by Arya and Paris model, the results showed that the critical moisture contents of evaporation process were the same with the water contents corresponding to residue values of SWCC, it is significant to studying on unsaturated evaporation process.

Empirical Model and Artificial Neural Network Model Approach for Air Dried Sheets (ADS) Rubber

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
T. Ninchuewong ◽  
S. Tirawanichakul ◽  
Y. Tirawanichakul
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Model ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Rubber Sheet ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Drying Behavior

The objective of this research was to predict drying behavior of hot air drying using an empirical model (EM) and an artificial neural network model (ANN). Rubber sheet with initial moisture content ranging of 23-40% dry-basis was dried by temperature ranging of 40-70°C and air flow rate of 0.7 m/s. The desired final moisture content was set at 0.15% dry-basis. The results showed that drying rate of rubber sheet dried with hot air convection was faster than conventional natural aeration. The EM and ANN were simulated to describe the drying behavior of products. Furthermore, prediction results between EM and ANN were compared with the experimental data. In this research, it was obviously found that ANN can describe the drying behavior effectively. Additionally, it was also found that predicted results of Multilayer feed forward Levenberg-Maqurdt’s Back-propagation ANN were good agreement with the experimental results compared to those results of EM. It is the optimum architecture for prediction the evolution of moisture transfer for hot air drying.

scholarly journals Impact of fast and slow desiccation on Garcinia imberti seed and seedling vigour

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
M Anto ◽  
C Anilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Critical Moisture Content ◽  
Normal Seedling ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Critical Moisture ◽  
Activated Silica Gel

Garcinia imberti Bourd. endemic to the southern Western Ghats is classified as endangered by the IUCN (2018). The seeds as the sole means of propagation with initial moisture content (MC) of 62.8% are sensitive to desiccation. Studies on the responses of the seed to drying require ascertaining of the critical moisture content (CMC) as a basic requisite for germplasm conservation. Responses of G. imberti seeds to fast drying with activated silica gel (25 ± 2 °C, 6 ± 1% RH) and to slow drying under laboratory conditions (28 ± 2°C, 60 ± 2% RH) were evaluated for seed and seedling vigour. When the MC was reduced to 56% by 48 hours of slow drying or 6 hours of fast drying, 75 to 90% normal seedlings were produced respectively. In the case of fast dried seed (6 hours), seed associated parameters except mean germination time showed peak values with maximum germination and enhanced root length. Below the CMCs of 16.4 and 26.3% (fast and slow drying respectively), half of the tested seeds become non viable. Thus for germplasm conservation the present study proposes 6 hour’s of fast drying to retain viability and normal seedling development of G. imberti.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Ampas Tahu Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Biodiesel

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Trisnawati Trisnawati ◽  
Daud K. Walanda ◽  
Irwan Said
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Biodiesel Quality ◽  
Pre Treatment

Biodiesel is an alternative raw material for fuel of diesel motor made from vegetable oil. This study attempted to utilize tofu dregs as raw material for biodiesel. This study aimed to determine the yield of biodiesel produced and the content of methyl esters in the biodiesel yield, and to analyze the quality of biodiesel produced based on Indonesian national standard (SNI). This study consisted of four stages: the provision of samples, pre-treatment, esterification and transesterification, and analysis of the quality of biodiesel produced which include the density at 15 °C, the viscosity at 40 °C, and the moisture content. The results showed that the yield of biodiesel was 4.01%, and the content of methyl ester shown by larger Rf (0.87) using eluent of hexane:diethylether:formic acid. Results of the analysis of biodiesel quality obtained the density at 15°C was 864 kg/m3, the viscosity at 40 °C was 2.57 mm2/s, and the water content was 4%. Based on the parameters ofthe density at 15 °C and the viscosity at 40 °C, the product of biodiesel met the requirements of SNI, while in term of the water content the product did not meet the requirements of SNI.

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