Determination of diphtheria risk indicators based on the study of antidiphtheria immunity in the population of Dnipropetrovsk region

Background. Vaccination is the most effective part of primary prevention. Serological monitoring of infectious diseases covered by national immunization programs is very important as it provides up-to-date information on the burden of the infection and the immunological status of the population. The study was aimed to present an analysis of epidemiological monitoring of the protection against diphtheria of the population, to show the generalized epidemiological situation regarding diphtheria, and to determine the risk of diphtheria among the population of Dnipropetrovsk region. Materials and methods. Epidemiological analysis of diphtheria immunity (2017–2019) was performed based on the results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of IgG antibodies levels against diphtheria toxin in 271 residents of Dnipropetrovsk region. Results. Analysis of the results revealed that only 30.6 % (n = 83) of the population have levels of antitoxic antibodies of 1.0 IU/ml or more, which provides sufficient protection against diphtheria in the next 5–7 years of life. At that time, the majority of the population (69.4 %) needs immediate one-time booster vaccination (n = 134; 49.5 %) or immediate basic vaccination (n = 54; 19.9 %) due to low levels of antitoxic diphtheria antibodies. In the age group 8–15 years, 65.9 % (n = 62) of patients require immediate basic or booster vaccination, which indicates that children of this age do not have basic immunological protection due to violations of the vaccination schedule or its absence. In the group aged 27 years and older, 79.1 % (n = 72) of the subjects do not have protective levels of anti-diphtheria antibodies, which indicates a lack of actual protection against diphtheria. Conclusions. The results indicate insufficient protection of the population against diphtheria. In this regard, the development of strategic measures for mass immunoprophylaxis of diphtheria both in children and adults is relevant. The country should conduct regular epidemiological monitoring, which would study the population’s immunity against diphtheria and other controlled infections, and draw up a long-term strategic and tactical plan to address shortcomings in the work of mass immunoprophylaxis of the population.

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Analysis of Multiple Risk Factors for Seronegative Rate of Anti-Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Immunization in Human Serum

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56050244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 244

Author(s):

Marta Janik ◽

Sylwia Płaczkowska ◽

Mieczysław Woźniak ◽

Iwona Bil-Lula

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Booster Vaccination ◽

Vaccination Schedule ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Booster Immunization ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽

Waning Immunity ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Background and objectives: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infections have been the cause of threatening outbreaks for many years. Apart from several physical and chemical methods to prevent tick bites, active vaccination of people highly exposed to infection is still the most important strategy of prevention. However, in some subjects, the lack of or low response to TBEV antigens is observed. The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of seronegative rate for anti-TBEV antibodies and the risk factors for waning immunity. Materials and Methods: 2315 at least primary vaccinated subjects from the high risk group for TBEV infections participated in this study. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used for the assessment of anti-TBEV IgG serum level. Results: Data showed that 86.2% of subjects who underwent vaccination were positive for anti-TBEV antibodies within 5 years. As much as 13.8% of subjects that underwent primary or primary and booster vaccination were barely protected after vaccination. Women and subjects under 60 years underwent more effective protection but sex and older age was not a risk factor for being a subject of waning immunity. A logistic regression showed that both a longer time since the vaccination and a lower number of booster doses constantly increased the chance of lost anti-TBEV antibodies. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the vaccination schedule should be reevaluated. The extension of the interval of booster immunization is risky and all subjects should be surrounded by care consisting of more frequent monitoring of serum antibodies by personalized schedule to adjust the frequency of subsequent doses of booster vaccination.

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SEROLOGICAL MONITORING OF POPULATION ANTITOXIC ANTI-DIPHTHERIA IMMUNITY IN RESIDENTS OF DNIPROPETROVSK REGION

Клінічна та профілактична медицина ◽

10.31612/2616-4868.4(10).2019.07 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (9-10) ◽

pp. 128-133

Author(s):

G. O. Revenko ◽

I. V. Budayeva ◽

V. V. Mavrutenkov

Keyword(s):

Booster Vaccination ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Government Control ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Epidemiological Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Monitoring ◽

Strategic Measures ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Medical Indications ◽

Epidemiological Situation

The goal of the work – to present the analysis of epidemiological monitoring of anti-diphtheria protection of the population of Dnepropetrovsk region, to show the generalizing epidemiological situation of diphtheria, to substantiate the need for the development of tools to improve vaccination and to prove the feasibility of regular epidemiology. Material and methods. Epidemiological analysis of anti-diphtheria immunity (2016-2017) was performed on the basis of the results of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of antibody-IgG against diphtheria toxin (RIDASCREEN Diphtherie IgG (Germany)) in 185 residents of the age from 1 year to 60 years, from them 166 people were included into representative group. Results. An analysis of the results revealed that only 34.05% (n =63) of the population have antitoxic antibody titers of 1.0 IU/ml or more, providing these residents with adequate protection against diphtheria in the next 5-7 years of life. , most of the population (65.95%) requires immediate single booster vaccination (n=91; 49.19%) or immediate baseline vaccination (n=31; 16.76%). Overall, the results suggest that if diphtheria may occur in country: the disease is likely to be epidemiological or epidemic in nature, as 66% (n=122) of the population do not have sufficient immunological anti-diphtheria protection and require immediate baseline or booster vaccination; children under 15 years of age and adults over 27 will be the most vulnerable to diphtheria. Conclusions. There are the need to develop strategic measures for mass vaccination of the population (children and adults) against diphtheria, mechanisms for government control over the effectiveness of vaccination, mechanisms of civil or legal liability for voluntary refusal of vaccination without medical indications. It is appropriate and necessary to conduct regular epidemiological monitoring of the intensity of post-vaccination protection of the population against vaccine-preventable infections, in general, including diphtheria.

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IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF THE TETANUS TOXOID USE FOR THE URGENT SPECIFIC TETANUS PREVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH THE WOUND INFECTION

Kharkiv Surgical School ◽

10.37699/2308-7005.3.2020.11 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 54-57

Author(s):

E. I. Hirka ◽

M. S. Popov

Keyword(s):

Wound Infection ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Tetanus Toxoid ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Clostridium Tetani ◽

Test Systems ◽

Tetanus Immunity

Summary. Aim. The present study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of tetanus toxoid administration during the urgent specific tetanus prevention. Materials and methods. The determination of tetanus immunity levels in patients with the wound infection before immunization, then 2 and 4 weeks after vaccination. Studies of blood sera of patients were carried out in dynamics by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a set of test systems for determining IgG antibodies to tetanus toxoid «Clostridium tetani toxin IgG», ELISA, Nova Tec Immundiagnostica GmbH, Germany. Results of the study were measured in International Units per milliliter (IU / ml). Results. The tetanus toxoid AP-Biolik using for the urgent specific tetanus prevention is induce protective tetanus immunity levels 2 weeks after vaccination and long-term specific immunity protection 4 weeks after vaccination. Conclusions. The immunological efficiency of AP-Biolik using was established during its applying for urgent specific tetanus prevention in patients with the wound infection.

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RESULTS OF MONITORING FOR TOXOCAROSIS IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.537-544 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 537-544

Author(s):

Khutoryanina ◽

Chernikova ◽

Dimidova ◽

Tverdokhlebova

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Healthy Population ◽

High Seroprevalence ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Frequency Of Contact ◽

Southern Russia ◽

The Republic ◽

High Degree

Toxocariasis is a widespread socially significant zoonotic helminthiasis. Infestation with human toxocariasis occurs through the ingestion of infected Toxocara eggs, which mainly accumulate in the soil. The aim of our study was long-term sanitaryparasitological and immunological observations of toxocariasis in a number of territories in southern Russia. For sanitary and parasitological analysis of soil from 2002 to 2019 in the territory of the Rostov region and the Republic of Adygea, 1664 samples were taken and examined. Determination of indicators of contamination of soil samples with eggs of helminths and invasiveness of Toxocara spp. carried out using the methods outlined in 4.2.2661-10 "Methods of sanitary and parasitological research". During the same period of time, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of 6831 blood serum of a conventionally healthy population of the Rostov region and the Republic of Adygea was carried out using the diagnostic test systems "Toksokara-IgG-IFA-BEST". According to the results of ELISA, high seroprevalence values were obtained, indicating the frequency of contact of the population with the causative agent of toxocariasis and indicating a possibly higher incidence rate than the officially registered one. The results of the conducted sanitary and parasitological studies, which showed a consistently high degree of contamination of the soils of the studied territories of southern Russia, indicate the continuing risk of infection of the population and animals with toxocariasis.

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Preparation And elemental analysis of ancient fibers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100126846 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 410-411

Author(s):

Allen Angel ◽

Kathryn A. Jakes

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Physical Structure ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

X Ray ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Backscattered Electron ◽

Electron Imaging

Fabrics recovered from archaeological sites often are so badly degraded that fiber identification based on physical morphology is difficult. Although diagenetic changes may be viewed as destructive to factors necessary for the discernment of fiber information, changes occurring during any stage of a fiber's lifetime leave a record within the fiber's chemical and physical structure. These alterations may offer valuable clues to understanding the conditions of the fiber's growth, fiber preparation and fabric processing technology and conditions of burial or long term storage (1).Energy dispersive spectrometry has been reported to be suitable for determination of mordant treatment on historic fibers (2,3) and has been used to characterize metal wrapping of combination yarns (4,5). In this study, a technique is developed which provides fractured cross sections of fibers for x-ray analysis and elemental mapping. In addition, backscattered electron imaging (BSI) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDS) are utilized to correlate elements to their distribution in fibers.

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An Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Determination of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Applied to Patients with Thromboembolic Disease

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1665299 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 50 (03) ◽

pp. 740-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

Nils Bergsdorf ◽

Torbjörn Nilsson ◽

Per Wallén

Keyword(s):

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Thromboembolic Disease ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Type Plasminogen Activator ◽

Tissue Plasminogen ◽

Normal Human

SummaryUtilizing the immunoglobulin fraction from a goat antiserum against human uterine tissue plasminogen activator, an enzyme- linked immunoassay for tissue-type plasminogen activator in human plasma has been developed. With the new method, the concentration of t-PA in normal human acidified plasma is found to be 4.0 ± 1.8 (SD) ng/ml. It increases to 12 ng/ml after a tomiquet test, and to 14 ng/ml after strenous physical exercise. In a group of patients with idiopathic thromboembolic disease, the resting t-PA concentration was 5 ng/ml and the post-occlusion value 16 ng/ml. Furthermore, the patients also exhibited a normal post-occlusion rise in the concentration of plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex. However, in 37% of the post-occlusion patient plasmas, virtually no increase in t-PA could be detected by a specific activity assay. The results indicate that the reason for a defective post-occlusion fibrinolytic activity in a majority of cases may be the presence of increased concentrations of a fast-acting specific t-PA inhibitor.

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Improvement Of Curvilinear Diagrams Of Concrete Deformation

Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel stvo ◽

10.33622/0869-7019.2019.08.99-104 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 99-104

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Peak Load ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Concrete Structures ◽

Deformation Model ◽

Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Deformation Diagrams

Problems when calculating reinforced concrete structures based on the concrete deformation under compression diagram, which is presented both in Russian and foreign regulatory documents on the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures are considered. The correctness of their compliance for all classes of concrete remains very approximate, especially a significant difference occurs when using Euronorm due to the different shape and sizes of the samples. At present, there are no methodical recommendations for determining the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under axial compression and the construction of curvilinear deformation diagrams, which leads to limited experimental data and, as a result, does not make it possible to enter more detailed ultimate strain values into domestic standards. The results of experimental studies to determine the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under compression for different classes of concrete, which allowed to make analytical dependences for the evaluation of the ultimate relative deformations and description of curvilinear deformation diagrams, are presented. The article discusses various options for using the deformation model to assess the stress-strain state of the structure, it is concluded that it is necessary to use not only the finite values of the ultimate deformations, but also their intermediate values. This requires reliable diagrams "s–e” for all classes of concrete. The difficulties of measuring deformations in concrete subjected to peak load, corresponding to the prismatic strength, as well as main cracks that appeared under conditions of long-term step loading are highlighted. Variants of more accurate measurements are proposed. Development and implementation of the new standard GOST "Concretes. Methods for determination of complete diagrams" on the basis of the developed method for obtaining complete diagrams of concrete deformation under compression for the evaluation of ultimate deformability of concrete under compression are necessary.

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