Investigation of parasites in the digestive tract of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultured at coastal farms in the Mekong Delta

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (Aquaculture) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Thi Hoang Oanh Dang ◽  
Thi Nhu Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Ut Vu
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei

A total of 291 white leg shrimp samples were collected from 70 cultured ponds in Soc Trang, Bac Lieu and Ca Mau provinces in the Mekong Delta and subjected to endoparasitic detection in the digestive tract. Collected shrimps displayed unhealthy behaviors such as stop or less feeding and lethagic swimming. Pathological signs in the gastrointestinal tract include (1) empty midgut and stomach together with pale and atrophy hepatopancreas; (2) empty, little or discontinued food in the midgut; (3) slow growth and variation in sizes; and (4) white feces. The results from fresh and Giemsa stained smears methods revealed that 96.5% of sampled shrimps were infected by gregarine parasite at different developmental stages. A prevalence infection of 24.7% was recorded with Vermiform present in the hepatopancreas by fresh smear and histology. Histopathological analysis noted that 7.9% of collected shrimp samples had Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) spores in hepatopancreas and midgut and confirmed by PCR analysis.

scholarly journals Correlation of Nitrite and Ammonia with Prevalence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on Several Super-Intensive Ponds in East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Anord Charles Nkuba ◽  
Gunanti Mahasri ◽  
Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti ◽  
Adamu Ayubu Mwendolwa
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Nitrite Concentration ◽  
Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei

AbstractEnterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), a microsporidia parasite known to hinder shrimp growth by infecting its hepatopancreas, is recently an emerging infection for Litopenaeus vannamei farms in Indonesia. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between nitrite and ammonia concentration with EHP infection in the super-intensive ponds. Shrimps and water samples were collected from six ponds in aquaculture super-intensive ponds with a stocking density of 5,000 shrimps in each pond which is located in Pasuruan, Lamongan, and Tuban Regency, Indonesia. The water sample was taken to the laboratory for the measurement of ammonia and nitrite. The samples of ammonia and nitrite were detected by spectrophotometer, and the PCR was used to detect 18S rRNA of EHP. The PCR analysis that showed two positive samples of L. vannamei, from the ponds with a high concentration of ammonia and nitrite, were infected by EHP. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between ammonia and nitrite with the prevalence of EHP infections, where the Pearson correlation (r) was 0.980 and 0.943, respectively. There was a high prevalence of EHP infection with the increase in nitrite concentration and ammonia in pond four and pond six. The concentration of over 1mg/l of ammonia and nitrite could influence EHP infection prevalence in the shrimp farms. Highlight ResearchAmmonia and nitrite concentration influence the prevalence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection in Super intensive ponds.The estimated prevalence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei was 16.7%.PCR amplification analysis was used to detect the 18S ss-rRNA of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei and 510-bp was obtained.

scholarly journals The role of NbTMP1, a surface protein of sporoplasm, in Nosema bombycis infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyi Zheng ◽  
Yukang Huang ◽  
Hongyun Huang ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Ni Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Analysis ◽  
Nosema Bombycis

Abstract Background Nosema bombycis is a unicellular eukaryotic pathogen of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and is an economic and occupational hazard in the silkworm industry. Because of its long incubation period and horizontal and vertical transmission, it is subject to quarantine measures in sericulture production. The microsporidian life-cycle includes a dormant extracellular phase and intracellular proliferation phase, with the proliferation period being the most active period. This latter period lacks spore wall protection and may be the most susceptible stage for control. Methods In order to find suitable target for the selective breeding of N. bombycis-resistant silkworm strains, we screen highly expressed membrane proteins from the transcriptome data of N. bombycis. The subcellular localization of the candidate protein was verified by Indirect immunofluorescence analysis (IFA) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM), and its role in N. bombycis proliferation was verified by RNAi. Results The N. bombycis protein (NBO_76g0014) was identified as a transmembrane protein and named NbTMP1. It is homologous with hypothetical proteins NGRA_1734 from Nosema granulosis. NbTMP1 has a transmembrane region of 23 amino acids at the N-terminus. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis (IFA) results suggest that NbTMP1 is secreted on the plasma membrane as the spores develop. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis showed that NbTMP1 was expressed in all developmental stages of N. bombycis in infected cells and in the silkworm midgut. Downregulation of NbTMP1 expression resulted in significant inhibition of N. bombycis proliferation. Conclusions We confirmed that NbTMP1 is a membrane protein of N. bombycis. Reduction of the transcription level of NbTMP1 significantly inhibited N. bombycis proliferation, and this protein may be a target for the selective breeding of N. bombycis-resistant silkworm strains.

The distribution of endocrine cell progenitors in the gut of chick embryos

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
B. B. Rawdon ◽  
Beverley Kramer ◽  
Ann Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Endocrine Cell ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Intact Embryo ◽  
Pancreatic Endocrine Cells ◽  
Gut Endocrine Cells

The aim of this experiment was to find out whether or not, at early stages of development, progenitors of the various types of gut endocrine cells are localized to one or more specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Transverse strips of blastoderm two to four somites in length were excised between the levels of somites 5 and 27 in chick embryos at 5- to 24-somite stages and were cultured as chorioallantoic grafts. The distribution of endocrine cells in the grafts revealed confined localization of progenitor cells only in the case of insulinimmunoreactive cells. Theprogenitors of cells with somatostatin-, pancreatic polypeptide-, glucagon-, secretin-, gastrin/CCK-, motilin-, neurotensin- and serotonin-like immunoreactivity were distributed along the length of the presumptive gut at the time of explantation; indeed, in many cases they were more widespread than are their differentiated progeny in normal gut of the same age. This finding indicates that conditions in grafts must differ from those that operate in the intact embryo. Also it may explain the occurrence of ectopic gut or pancreatic endocrine cells in tumours of the digestive tract.

scholarly journals Molecular Ecological Analysis of the Succession and Diversity of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in the Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2166-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Deplancke ◽  
K. R. Hristova ◽  
H. A. Oakley ◽  
V. J. McCracken ◽  
R. Aminov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Aps Reductase ◽  
Mouse Intestine ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Old Mice

ABSTRACT Intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) growth and resultant hydrogen sulfide production may damage the gastrointestinal epithelium and thereby contribute to chronic intestinal disorders. However, the ecology and phylogenetic diversity of intestinal dissimilatory SRB populations are poorly understood, and endogenous or exogenous sources of available sulfate are not well defined. The succession of intestinal SRB was therefore compared in inbred C57BL/6J mice using a PCR-based metabolic molecular ecology (MME) approach that targets a conserved region of subunit A of the adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase gene. The APS reductase-based MME strategy revealed intestinal SRB in the stomach and small intestine of 1-, 4-, and 7-day-old mice and throughout the gastrointestinal tract of 14-, 21-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day-old mice. Phylogenetic analysis of APS reductase amplicons obtained from the stomach, middle small intestine, and cecum of neonatal mice revealed that Desulfotomaculum spp. may be a predominant SRB group in the neonatal mouse intestine. Dot blot hybridizations with SRB-specific 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) probes demonstrated SRB colonization of the cecum and colon pre- and postweaning and colonization of the stomach and small intestine of mature mice only. The 16S rDNA hybridization data further demonstrated that SRB populations were most numerous in intestinal regions harboring sulfomucin-containing goblet cells, regardless of age. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis demonstrated APS reductase mRNA expression in all intestinal segments of 30-day-old mice, including the stomach. These results demonstrate for the first time widespread colonization of the mouse intestine by dissimilatory SRB and evidence of spatial-specific SRB populations and sulfomucin patterns along the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Unusual foreign body in the upper digestive tract: case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Snigdha Elaprolu ◽  
Gowri Sankar Marimuthu ◽  
Raghul Sekar ◽  
Sunil Kumar Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Unusual Foreign Body ◽  
Upper Digestive Tract ◽  
Entire Gastrointestinal Tract

<p class="abstract">Unusual foreign bodies in the digestive tract are common in psychiatric patients and children requiring screening of the entire gastrointestinal tract. We here report two cases of unusual ingested blunt foreign body in the upper digestive tract managed differently.</p>

scholarly journals The β-Defensin Gallinacin-6 Is Expressed in the Chicken Digestive Tract and Has Antimicrobial Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 912-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert van Dijk ◽  
Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen ◽  
Stefanie I. C. Kalkhove ◽  
Johanna L. M. Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven ◽  
Roland A. Romijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne

ABSTRACT Food-borne pathogens are responsible for most cases of food poisoning in developed countries and are often associated with poultry products, including chicken. Little is known about the role of β-defensins in the chicken digestive tract and their efficacy. In this study, the expression of chicken β-defensin gallinacin-6 (Gal-6) and its antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens were investigated. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed high expression of Gal-6 mRNA in the esophagus and crop, moderate expression in the glandular stomach, and low expression throughout the intestinal tract. Putative transcription factor binding sites for nuclear factor kappa beta, activator protein 1, and nuclear factor interleukin-6 were found in the Gal-6 gene upstream region, which suggests a possible inducible nature of the Gal-6 gene. In colony-counting assays, strong bactericidal and fungicidal activity was observed, including bactericidal activity against food-borne pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Clostridium perfringens, and Escherichia coli. Treatment with 16 μg/ml synthetic Gal-6 resulted in a 3 log unit reduction in Clostridium perfringens survival within 60 min, indicating fast killing kinetics. Transmission electron microscopy examination of synthetic-Gal-6-treated Clostridium perfringens cells showed dose-dependent changes in morphology after 30 min, including intracellular granulation, cytoplasm retraction, irregular septum formation in dividing cells, and cell lysis. The high expression in the proximal digestive tract and broad antimicrobial activity suggest that chicken β-defensin gallinacin-6 plays an important role in chicken innate host defense.

Description of the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs of the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley J. Stannard ◽  
Julie M. Old
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Microscopic Description ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
New Information ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

This paper provides a macro- and microscopic description of the digestive tract of the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger), a small dasyurid marsupial. The digestive tract was simple, with no external differentiation between the small and large intestine, and lacked a caecum. Mean gross length of the kultarr digestive tract was 165.2 ± 32.1 mm. Microscopically, the tissues had cell types similar to those of other mammals. The new information will aid future post-mortem investigations of captive kultarrs and future studies of nutrition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document