High prevalence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in shrimps Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei sampled from slow growth ponds in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Biju ◽  
G Sathiyaraj ◽  
M Raj ◽  
V Shanmugam ◽  
B Baskaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei

Investigation of parasites in the digestive tract of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultured at coastal farms in the Mekong Delta

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (Aquaculture) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Thi Hoang Oanh Dang ◽  
Thi Nhu Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Ut Vu
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei

A total of 291 white leg shrimp samples were collected from 70 cultured ponds in Soc Trang, Bac Lieu and Ca Mau provinces in the Mekong Delta and subjected to endoparasitic detection in the digestive tract. Collected shrimps displayed unhealthy behaviors such as stop or less feeding and lethagic swimming. Pathological signs in the gastrointestinal tract include (1) empty midgut and stomach together with pale and atrophy hepatopancreas; (2) empty, little or discontinued food in the midgut; (3) slow growth and variation in sizes; and (4) white feces. The results from fresh and Giemsa stained smears methods revealed that 96.5% of sampled shrimps were infected by gregarine parasite at different developmental stages. A prevalence infection of 24.7% was recorded with Vermiform present in the hepatopancreas by fresh smear and histology. Histopathological analysis noted that 7.9% of collected shrimp samples had Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) spores in hepatopancreas and midgut and confirmed by PCR analysis.

scholarly journals The effect of salinity on enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection in Penaeus vannamei under experimental conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Aranguren Caro ◽  
F. Alghamdi ◽  
K. De Belder ◽  
J. Lin ◽  
H. N. Mai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an enteric pathogen that affects Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon shrimp in many SE Asian countries. In the western hemisphere, EHP was reported for the first time in 2016 in farmed P. vannamei in Venezuela. Anecdotal evidence suggests that EHP is more prevalent in grow-out ponds where the salinity is high (> 15 parts per thousand (ppt)) compared to grow-out ponds with low salinities (< 5 ppt). Considering that P. vannamei is an euryhaline species, we were interested in knowing if EHP can propagate in P. vannamei in low salinities. Results In this study, we described an experimental infection using fecal strings as a source inoculum. Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) P. vannamei were maintained at three different salinities (2 ppt, 15 ppt, and 30 ppt) while continuously challenged using feces from known EHP-infected P. vannamei over a period of 3 weeks. The fecal strings, used as a source of EHP inocula in the challenges, was sufficient to elicit an infection in shrimp maintained at the three salinities. The infectivity of EHP in shrimp reared at 2 ppt, 15 ppt, and 30 ppt salinities was confirmed by PCR and histopathology. The prevalence and the severity of the EHP infection was higher at 30 ppt than at 2 ppt and 15 ppt. Conclusion The data suggests that fecal strings are a reliable source of EHP inoculum to conduct experimental challenges via the fecal-oral route. An EHP infection can occur at a salinity as low as 2 ppt, however, the prevalence and the severity of the EHP infection is higher at a salinity of 30 ppt.

A simple filter paper-based method for transporting and storing Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei DNA from infected Litopenaeus vannamei tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 107305
Author(s):  
K. Karthikeyan ◽  
Ravi Saranya ◽  
Raja Bharath ◽  
R. Vidya ◽  
Toshiaki Itami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei ◽  
Simple Filter

A haplosporidian parasite associated with high mortality and slow growth in Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei cultured in Indonesia

Aquaculture ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 366-367 ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heny Budi Utari ◽  
Saengchan Senapin ◽  
Chatlada Jaengsanong ◽  
Timothy W. Flegel ◽  
Maleeya Kruatrachue
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Slow Growth

scholarly journals Comparison of bacterial community structures in digestive tract between healthy and disease whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Soc Trang, Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-551
Author(s):  
Tran Trung Thanh ◽  
Nathan Bott ◽  
Le Hoang Duc ◽  
Dang Thi Hoang Oanh ◽  
Nguyen Trung Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Shrimp Pond ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Gut bacteria comprise a complex bacterial community related to many functions in a host. The stability of gut bacteria plays important models in the health and immunology of a host. Many studies on intestine bacteria constructed via cultivation and Denaturation Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DDGE) methods have proved a limited efficiency. In order to tackle these drawbacks, the next generation sequencing method was developed on 16S-rRNA-based sequences (Metabarcoding). The composition of bacterial communities was revealed based on the analysis of 16S rRNA sequences of intestine bacteria in Litopenaeus vannamei ponds in comparison with microbial communities in a Penaeus monodon pond and a muscle of shrimp. These results showed that the dominant phyla of intestine bacteria in Litopenaeus vannamei were Proteobacteria (49.3–57.4%), Firmicutes (15.6–34.4%) and Bacteroidetes (0.1–16.9%). Rhizobium(0.4%-26.1%), Vibrio(0–23.9%) and Spongiimonas(0–16,7%) were dominant genera in Litopenaeus vannamei gut. A higher proportion of Fusobacterium (10%), a shrimp pathogen group, was found in a disease shrimp pond (ST4) in comparison with a low growth shrimp pond (ST3) (0%) and a healthy shrimp pond (ST1) (0.6%). Vibrio was marked as shrimp pathogen genus accounted for 22.3% of total genera in ST4 in comparison with 2.4% in ST3 and 3.5% in ST1. Interestingly, a higher percentage of Vibrio rotiferianus (7.98%) was found in ST4 compared to ST3 (1%) and ST1 (0%). Fusobacterium and Vibrio will be the objects for the next experiments to discover shrimp pathogens specifically.

scholarly journals Experimental reproduction of White Feces Syndrome in whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261289
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Aranguren Caro ◽  
Hung N. Mai ◽  
Roberto Cruz-Florez ◽  
Frances Laureen Agcalao Marcos ◽  
Rod Russel R. Alenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Experimental Reproduction ◽  
Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei

White Feces Syndrome (WFS) is an emergent disease of penaeid shrimp (Penaeus monodon and P. vannamei) that is identified by the presence of floating white fecal strings on pond water in grow-out ponds. Although the clinical manifestations of WFS are well defined, the underling etiology remains obscure. WFS has been associated with several enteric pathogens, including Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). The association is based on studies that found areas where WFS has been reported, the prevalence and severity of EHP infection are high. In this study, we describe an experimental reproduction of WFS in P. vannamei pre-infected with EHP and challenged with a unique isolate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a shrimp displaying WFS. Upon laboratory challenge, shrimp displaying white fecal strings and white discoloration of the gastrointestinal tract were analyzed by histopathology, in-situ hybridization and quantitative PCR. Histological analysis confirmed the lesions of EHP and septic hepatopancreatic necrosis in the hepatopancreas of shrimp exposed to both pathogens. Quantitative PCR showed shrimp infected with both EHP and V. parahaemolyticus had a significantly higher load of EHP compared to shrimp infected with EHP alone. This is the first demonstration of experimental reproduction of WFS under laboratory conditions when animals are infected with EHP and V. parahaemolyticus concurrently. The data revealed a synergistic relation between EHP and V. parahaemolyticus isolate that led to the manifestation of WFS. We propose the gross signs of WFS can be used as an indicator of the presence of EHP infection in association with a particular strain of an enteric Vibrio spp. in countries where EHP is endemic.

scholarly journals UDANG ROSTRIS (Litopenaeus stylirostris) KOMODITAS PROSPEKTIF BAGI USAHA PERTAMBAKAN

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Bambang Sumartono ◽  
Joko Sumarwan ◽  
Endah Winarni
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Critical Phase ◽  
Broodstock Management ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Final Survival ◽  
Resistance Improvement

Blue shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris) known as “SS” (Super Shrimp) originated as wild larvae from Panama, and is currently in its 22nd generation of domestication. They have undergone a systematic process of selection for enhancement of growth and fecundity, and in particular, for resistance improvement to the IHHN virus.The SS-blue shrimp are significantly more tolerant to low water temperatures than Penaeus monodon or Litopenaeus vannamei. This characteristic was effluent to the broodstock management of blue shrimp. The critical phase of larval rearing is on the interchange from zoea to mysis, but almost no mortality on the post larvae stadium.  It was observed during larvae rearing using modulation system indicated by the survival rate of nauplius to PL 5 was 29%, but PL 5 to PL 15 reached 97%.  Growth of larvae and post larvae in the modulation and non modulation systems were not significant different, but performance and uniformity of the seed in modulation system shown better.  Its avarage production in grow out pond was 9,000 kg/ha with final survival rate of 74.5-94.8%, and avarage daily growth (ADG) of 0.176 g. The ponds were stocked with SS-shrimp at densities of 33-38/m2.  

scholarly journals Komposisi Kimia Daging Udang Vanamei Dan Udang Windu Dengan Sistem Budidaya Keramba Jaring Apung

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldi Huda Verdian ◽  
Pindo Witoko ◽  
Rahmadi Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Penaeus Monodon

Salah satu terobosan untuk meningkatkan produksi udang adalah memanfaatkan laut dengan keramba jaring apung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan komposisi kimia dari udang putih (Litopenaeus vannamei) dan daging udang windu (Penaeus monodon) yang dibudidayakan di keramba jaring apung. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa daging udang putih memiliki kandungan protein dan abu yang lebih tinggi daripada daging udang windu. Komposisi langsung pada otot udang diatur oleh banyak faktor, termasuk spesies, tahap pertumbuhan, pakan dan musim.

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