scholarly journals Effects of Retting Media Circulation and Temperature on the Fermentation Process in Soft-Texture and Low Cyanogenic Content Cassava Flour Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
M.T.A.P. Kresnowati ◽  
Yazid Bindar ◽  
Lienda Aliwarga ◽  
Dianika Lestari ◽  
Nicholaus Prasetya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fermentation Performance ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Flour Production

A fermentation process to produce soft-texture and low cyanogenic content cassava flour had been studied, in particular the effects of temperature, circulation of the retting media, and scale to the reduction of cyanogenic content and the structure of cassava. Although the effects of retting media circulation and an increase in the fermentation temperature on cyanogenic content reduction were not clearly seen, they led to more damaged cassava structure and thus improving the overall cassava flour production. On the other hand small scale fermentation led to both cyanogenic content reduction and morphological changes, giving better fermentation performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Cassava Chips Fermentation Conditions on The Produced Flour Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Angina Meitha ◽  
Yazid Bindar ◽  
M.T.A.P. Kresnowati
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Dextrose Equivalent ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Flour Properties ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
As Solubility

A fermentation process to produce soft-texture and low cyanogenic content cassava flour had been studied, in particular the effects of temperature, circulation of the fermentation media, and chips size, on fermented cassava flour (fercaf) properties. Fermentation was shown to affect properties of cassava flour: reducing the cyanogenic content, swelling power, as well as solubility, whereas on the other hand increasing the amylose content and correspondingly the measured DE. Further, the properties of the produced flour were affected by the implemented fermentation operation conditions. Fermentation temperature was found to significantly affect amylose content. Media circulation was found to significantly affect the measured Dextrose Equivalent. On the other hand, the size of cassava chips significantly affected the cyanogenic content and solubility of the flour

scholarly journals Analysis of Operational Efficiencies and Costs for Extracting Thinned Woods in Small-Scale Forestry, Nasunogahara Area, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Aruga
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Light Truck ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Manual Extraction ◽  
Truck Transportation

In this study, two operational methodologies to extract thinned woods were investigated in the Nasunogahara area, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Methodology one included manual extraction and light truck transportation. Methodology two included mini-forwarder forwarding and four-ton truck transportation. Furthermore, a newly introduced chipper was investigated. As a result, costs of manual extractions within 10 m and 20 m were JPY942/m3 and JPY1040/m3, respectively. On the other hand, the forwarding cost of the mini-forwarder was JPY499/m3, which was significantly lower than the cost of manual extractions. Transportation costs with light trucks and four-ton trucks were JPY7224/m3 and JPY1298/m3, respectively, with 28 km transportation distances. Chipping operation costs were JPY1036/m3 and JPY1160/m3 with three and two persons, respectively. Finally, the total costs of methodologies one and two from extraction within 20 m to chipping were estimated as JPY9300/m3 and JPY2833/m3, respectively, with 28 km transportation distances and three-person chipping operations (EUR1 = JPY126, as of 12 August 2020).

scholarly journals Extraordinary morphological changes in valve morphology during the ontogeny of several species of the Australian ostracod genus Bennelongia (Crustacea, Ostracoda)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick De Deckker ◽  
Koen Martens
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Valve ◽  
Ventral Region ◽  
Valve Morphology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Juvenile Stages

Ostracods belonging to the genus Bennelongia differ much in valve morphology between adults and juveniles. Adult valves are asymmetrical, characterised by a beak-like feature in the antero-ventral region of the left valve, and, with some notable exceptions, mostly have smooth or weakly-ornamented valves. Juvenile specimens, on the other hand, have valves that are almost symmetrical, with no beak-like feature and are often heavily ornamented.We have examined the last 3 - 4 juvenile stages of 6 Bennelongia species from 5 different lineages, in order to decipher the types of external valve ornamentation and their recurrences during ontogeny and across lineages. It is clear that ornamentation is more prevalent at the early instar stages compared to the last 2 pre-adult stages, and especially when compared to the adult stage itself.We also examined the surprising presence of a calcified inner lamella with a prominent inner list in the pre-adult stages of Bennelongia species, that is usually absent in juveniles of other ostracods, thus questioning if heterochronic processes have provided an intermediate valve morphology between the simple (normal) cypridinid juvenile state and the heavily derived and modified state of adult Bennelongia.We discuss the possible (speculative) functionality of the ornamentation in juveniles.

About morphological changes in the kidney in children with infections and some other diseases

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Renal Changes ◽  
The One

The issue of pathological and histological changes in the kidneys in children with various infections and other diseases cannot be considered sufficiently researched and worked out. Only in certain infections (scarlet fever) has much attention been paid to the study of the kidneys. Most of the works on the issue of interest to us date back to the time when, on the one hand, insufficient importance was attached to the early dissection of corpses and the freshness of the material, which, as is now known, is of particular importance for the histology of the kidney, on the other hand, such interpretation of the detected changes, which do not correspond to the views and concepts of modern nephropathology; Finally, those changes in views on some diseases that have occurred to date, for example, in the issue of disorders of digestion and nutrition in infants, dictate the need for a different approach to the study of renal changes in these diseases.

scholarly journals Doppler-Shifted Inertial Oscillations on a β Plane

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1480-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Zhai ◽  
Richard J. Greatbatch ◽  
Jinyu Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Nonlinear Interactions ◽  
Inertial Waves ◽  
Background Flow ◽  
Inertial Oscillations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Spherical Earth

Abstract On the spherical earth, and in the absence of a background flow, the poleward propagation of near-inertial oscillations is restricted by the turning latitude. A background flow, on the other hand, provides a way to increase the apparent frequency of near-inertial waves through Doppler shifting. In this note, it is shown that near-inertial oscillations can be advected to latitudes higher than their turning latitude. Associated with the poleward advection there is a squeezing of the meridional wavelength. A numerical model is used to verify this result. The squeezed inertial oscillations are vulnerable to nonlinear interactions, which could eventually lead to small-scale dissipation and mixing.

Jan van Gool als kunstcriticus

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-283
Author(s):  
Lyckle De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Art Theory ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Dutch Art ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expression Of Emotions

AbstractIn 1750 and 1751 Jan van Gool published two volumes of artists' biographies entitled De Nieuwe Schouburg (Note 2). This sequel to Houbraken's Groote Schouburgh (.Note I) is an important source for Dutch art history of the period around 1700. The author's opinions are not strictly governed by the rules of art theory, nor is he a convinced Classicist. His main aim is to give complete and reliable information on the lives and works of artists. In so doing he cannot refrain from giving personal opinions. These characterize him as a competent art critic, who seems to have had an eye for style and quality. He despises work by contemporaries who still adhere to the Leiden tradition of fijnschilderen (small-scale, highly-finished painting). In his view the composition of a painting is of prime importance in assessing its quality, for it is mostly there that an artist's inventiveness, or lack of it, is revealed. Another aspect of great importance is the expression of emotions in painted figures through their glances, gestures and attitudes. Van Gool praises not only history painters who prove to have abilities in this field, but also painters of genre scenes and portraits. He pays far more attention to a painter's brushwork than his style of drawing, his predilection being for masters with a 'courageous' brush. Relatively little attention is given to colour and light and to the plasticity of painted figures. Van Gool's ideals seem to be summed up in the word natural. The essential qualities of the subjects painted must be made visible in the work of art. A painstaking realism in the Leiden tradition would endanger this ideal as much as a severe Classicism. The observation of reality should not be carried so far that details become more important than totalities, but on the other hand the overall form should not be idealized to such an extent that reality is forgotten.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK BADAI TROPIS DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP ANOMALI HUJAN DI INDONESIA(TROPICAL CYCLONE CHARACTERISTIC AND ITS IMPACT ON RAINFALL ANOMALY IN INDONESIA)

Agromet ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dyahwathi ◽  
S. Effendy ◽  
E.S. Adiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Rainfall Anomaly ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Other Hand

<p>Tropical cyclone never reached Indonesia area but its impact able to cause disaster to this country. Some research indicated effect of tropical cyclone due to high intensity the rain in short duration in some location but drought in another. Tropical cyclone often followed by small scale tornado callled ’puting beliung’ that cause local or regional damage. This research purpose to analyze physical characteristics of tropical cyclone at period January-March 2004 in south Hindia Sea. The Fay is a strong tropical cyclone has increase rainfall until 32 ms-1 and rainfaal on 47% Java station rainfall. On the other hand, The Ken is a weak tropical cyclone only cause higher wind speed and rainfall are 8 ms-1 and 18% Java station rainfall, respectively.</p><p>------------------------------------------------------------------------</p><p>Meskipun siklon tropis tidak pernah terjadi di Indonesia namun dampaknya sering berpengaruh terhadap Indonesia. Hasil berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siklon tropis menyebabkan hujan intensitas yang tinggi dalam waktu singkat pada suatu wilayah, dan juga menyebabkan kekeringan di daerah lain. Siklon tropis sering diikuti terjadinya puting beliung dengan daya rusak bersifat lokal hingga regional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik fisik siklon tropis di Samudera Hindia bagian selatan pada periode puncak terjadinya siklon yakni, Januari-Maret 2004. Analisis dilakukan terhadap dua siklon yang terjadi pada periode pengamatan yaitu siklon Fay (siklon kuat) dan siklon Ken (siklon lemah). Dampak siklon Fay terhadap peningkatan kecepatan angin menjadi 32 ms-1 dan peningkatan hujan yang signifikan padak 47% stasiun hujan di Jawa. Sedangkan siklon Ken hanya menyebabkan kecepatan angin meningkat sebesar 8 ms-1 dan peningkatan hujan pada 8% stasiun hujan di pulau Jawa.</p>

Treatment of domestic wastewater mixed with crushed garbage and garbage washing water by advanced gappei-shori johkaso

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Sankai ◽  
Guoji Ding ◽  
Noritoshi Emori ◽  
Satoshi Kitamura ◽  
Kensho Katada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Washing Water

By using an advanced anaerobic filter-contact aeration Gappei-shori Johkaso (AFAJ), a small-scale wastewater unit used in Japan, experiments of the treatment of the wastewater mixed with domestic wastewater and disposer wastewater which came from washing water of crushed garbage by disposer were made. After the introduction of disposer wastewater into domestic wastewater, BOD, TN and SS loads increased to 1.7 times, 1.1 times and 1.7 times, respectively. Results showed that in the 5-person-use type AFAJ, no remarkable decrease appeared to the BOD and SS removal efficiencies after introduction of disposer wastewater into domestic wastewater, however, TN removal efficiency decreased significantly. As a result, effluent BOD and TN concentrations were much higher than 20 mg·l−1. On the other hand, the 7-person-use type AFAJ, whose volume was 35 % bigger than that of the 5-person-use type AFAJ, could treat the above wastewater to be less than 20, 10 and 20 mg·l−1, respectively. In addition, it was shown that not many changes took place in the kinds and occurrence frequencies of protozoa and metazoa after the addition of the disposer wastewater, which suggested that the addition of disposer wastewater had increased the BOD and SS loads while it did not lead to much change in the component of the domestic wastewater.

Freeway Speed Zones: Safety and Compliance Issues

1996 ◽  
Vol 1560 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Thornton ◽  
Richard W. Lyles
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Extent ◽  
Good Measure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The effectiveness and appropriateness of establishing speed limits on freeways and the spatial extent of the zones were studied. Of particular interest were 55-mph (88-km/hr) speed zones that exist in the transition between urban and rural areas (determined according to urban area boundaries). Three types of freeway segments (urban-55, fringe-55, and rural-65) were analyzed, and although the study was of comparatively small scale, the results generally showed that higher speeds do not lead to more numerous or serious accidents. Moreover, compliance with speed limits is not necessarily a good measure of safety. On the other hand, motorists are self-policing to a certain degree in that they drive at reasonable speeds given the design of the different types of freeways. It is suggested that artificially lowered speed limits without a clear need being established from engineering and safety perspectives will not yield impressive safety benefits.

Effects of Trehalose and Ethanol on Yeast Cytosolic Pyrophosphatase

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahabada Helena José Lopes ◽  
José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes ◽  
Mauro Sola-Penna
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ethanol Ethanol ◽  
Stress Protectant ◽  
Dose Dependent

Trehalose has been described to protect several enzymes against destabilizing conditions. This sugar is naturally accumulated by yeast as a stress protectant. A common stress condition that yeast is normally submitted is the presence of ethanol, the by-product of fermentation process of several yeast. In this paper we show the effects of trehalose and ethanol, alone or together, on yeast pyrophosphatase, and the effects of these compounds on inhibition and unfolding of pyrophosphatase promoted by urea. We show that both trehalose and ethanol inhibit pyrophosphatase in a dose-dependent manner, and that the presence of ethanol does not modify the inhibition promoted by trehalose as well as the presence of trehalose does not modify the inhibition promoted by ethanol. The effects of trehalose on pyrophosphatase are completely reversible, but the inhibition caused by ethanol was only partially reversible. Incubation of pyrophosphatase with 10% (v/v) ethanol promoted an inhibition of 15%, and the control activity was completely recovered after removal of ethanol. On the other hand, when pyrophosphatase was incubated with 20% (v/v) ethanol an inhibition of 40% of the control activity was observed which persisted after removal of ethanol. Ethanol also potentiates the inhibition of pyrophosphatase promoted by urea, and contributes for an irreversible inactivation and unfolding of pyrophosphatase in the presence of urea. Trehalose, that protects this enzyme against the inhibition and unfolding promoted by the chaotropic compound urea, was inefficient to protect against the effects of ethanol. Trehalose was also efficient to prevent an irreversible inactivation induced by urea.

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