DERIVATION OF THE EQUATION OF UNSTEADY-STATE MOISTURE BEHAVIOUR IN THE ENCLOSING STRUCTURES OF BUILDINGS USING A DISCRETE-CONTINUOUS APPROACH

Two differential equations of moisture transfer based on the theory of moisture potential have been considered. The first equation includes the record of moisture transfer mechanisms of vapor and liquid phases and their relationship. The second equation is a simplified form of the first equation which makes it possible to apply a discrete-continuous approach. The peculiar properties of the boundary conditions setting of the outside air for temperature and humidity fields have been presented. It is proved that the use of the discrete-continuous method provides high accuracy of calculations and can be used in engineering practice to assess the unsteady humidity regime of enclosing structures.

Image Assisted Total Stations for Structural Health Monitoring—A Review

Measuring structures and its documentation is one of the tasks of engineering geodesy. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is defined as a periodic or continuous method to provide information about the condition of the construction through the determination of measurement data and their analysis. In SHM, wide varieties of sensors are used for data acquisition. In the following, the focus is on the application of image assisted total stations (IATS). The combination of tacheometry and photogrammetric measurement offers high flexibility and precision. Different approaches of automated detecting and matching whose applications have been tested in practice are briefly explained. A distinction is made between built-in cameras (commercial) and external camera systems (prototypes). Various successful applications of IATS in the field of SHM are presented and explained.

Smartphone Interventions Effect in Pediatric Subjects on the Day of Surgery: A Meta-Analysis

Background: A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of smartphone interventions on the anxiety of the pediatric subjects at induction on the day of surgery compared to oral midazolam or standard care as control.Methods: A systematic literature search up to June 2021 was performed and nine studies selected 785 pediatric subjects on the day of surgery at the start of the study; 390 of them were using smartphone interventions, 192 were control, and 203 were using oral midazolam. They were reporting relationships between the effects of smartphone interventions on the anxiety of the pediatric subjects at induction on the day of surgery compared to oral midazolam or control. The mean difference (MD) with its 95% CIs was calculated to assess the effect of smartphone interventions on the anxiety of the pediatric subjects at induction on the day of surgery compared to oral midazolam or control using the continuous method with a fixed or a random-effects model.Results: Smartphone interventions in pediatric subjects were significantly related to lower anxiety at induction on the day of surgery (MD, −19.74; 95% CI, −29.87 to −9.61, p < 0.001) compared to control and significantly related to lower anxiety at induction on the day of surgery (MD, −7.81; 95% CI, −14.49 to −1.14, p = 0.02) compared to oral midazolam.Conclusion: Smartphone interventions in pediatric subjects on the day of surgery may have lower anxiety at induction compared to control and oral midazolam. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Two-field formulations for isogeometric Reissner–Mindlin plates and shells with global and local condensation

In this paper, mixed formulations are presented in the framework of isogeometric Reissner–Mindlin plates and shells with the aim of alleviating membrane and shear locking. The formulations are based on the Hellinger-Reissner functional and use the stress resultants as additional unknowns, which have to be interpolated in appropriate approximation spaces. The additional unknowns can be eliminated by static condensation. In the framework of isogeometric analysis static condensation is performed globally on the patch level, which leads to a high computational cost. Thus, two additional local approaches to the existing continuous method are presented, an approach with discontinuous stress resultant fields at the element boundaries and a reconstructed approach which is blending the local control variables by using weights in order to compute the global ones. Both approaches allow for a static condensation on the element level instead of the patch level. Various numerical examples are investigated in order to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the different approaches and a comparison to existing elements that include mechanisms against locking is carried out.

Evaluasi Efektivitas Metode dan Media Filtrasi pada Pengolahan Air Limbah Tahu

Peningkatan jumlah industri tahu di Indonesia diiringi dengan meningkatnya jumlah limbah industri tahu yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus. Limbah tahu dengan kandungan bahan organik tinggi memberikan dampak negatif bagi sistem perairan jika dibuang tanpa adanya pengolahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mempelajari metode yang efektif dalam mengolah limbah tahu dengan variasi media filtrasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan 2 metode yang diperlakukan pada 2 kolom filtrasi dengan media filtrasi yang berbeda. Susunan media utama pada kolom filtrasi 1 berupa bioball dan kolom filtrasi 2 berupa bioring. Metode batch dan kontinyu diperlakukan pada dua jenis kolom filtrasi tersebut. Ketinggian total media filtrasi untuk setiap kolom adalah 20 cm dengan volume air limbah 5 liter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kualitas air limbah tahu pada sampel hari ke 1 dengan terjadinya penurunan konsentrasi COD pada kolom 1 dengan perlakuan metode batch sebanyak 18,12%. Peningkatan konsentrasi DO paling optimal pada kolom 1 dengan perlakuan metode kontinyu sebanyak 18,03%. Selanjutnya konsentrasi pH terjadi peningkatan secara signifikan pada kolom 2 dengan perlakuan metode batch sebanyak 41,27%. Sedangkan penurunan konsentrasi kekeruhan diperoleh pada kolom 1 dengan perlakuan metode batch sebanyak 57,22%. Perlakuan limbah tahu dengan metode batch pada waktu tinggal 1 hari memberikan peningkatan kualitas air limbah tahu yang lebih baik meskipun pada waktu tinggal yang lebih lama terjadi penurunan kualitas akibat terjadinya proses dekomposisi yang tidak terkontrol. Lebih lanjut, perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan melibatkan mikroorganisme selektif pada penyaring lambat dengan metode batch agar dihasilkan penurunan konsentrasi COD yang lebih signifikan. ABSTRACTThe increase in the number of tofu industries in Indonesia is accompanied by an increase in the amount of tofu industrial waste that needs special attention. Tofu waste with high organic matter content has a negative impact on aquatic systems if it is disposed of without treatment. The aim of this research was to study the effective method of treating tofu waste with a variety of filtration media. This research was conducted using 2 methods which were treated on 2 filtration columns with different filtration media. The composition of the main media in first filtration column is bioball and second filtration column is bioring. Batch and continuous methods are applied to the two types of filtration columns. The total height of the filtration media for each column is 20 cm with a volume of 5 liters of wastewater. The results showed an increase in the quality of tofu wastewater on the first day of the sample with a decrease in COD concentration in first column with the batch method treatment of 18.12%. The most optimal increase in DO concentration in first column with continuous method treatment was 18.03%. Furthermore, the pH concentration increased significantly in second column with the batch method treatment as much as 41.27%. While the decrease in turbidity concentration was obtained in column 1 with batch method treatment as much as 57.22%. The treatment of tofu waste using the batch method at a residence time of 1 day provides a better-quality improvement of tofu wastewater although at a longer residence time there is a decrease in quality due to an uncontrolled decomposition process. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct research involving selective microorganisms in a slow filter with a batch method in order to produce a more significant reduction in COD concentration.

Visual Expression of Emotion in Dynamic 3D Painting System Based on Emotion Synthesis Model

Emotion is a unique ability possessed by human beings as advanced creatures. Emotions give people a unique physical and mental experience. Assigning emotions to computer systems is one of the latest topics in artificial intelligence research. The purpose is to allow machines to achieve natural coordination between humans and computers. This article focuses on the visual expression of emotion in the dynamic three-dimensional painting system, creating an intelligent painting system and realizing a good user experience. In this paper, the discrete method is used to qualitatively analyze emotions, and the continuous method is used to quantify basic emotions, and emotional modeling and emotional quantitative analysis are proposed to realize quantitative analysis of emotions. Combining these two methods, a comprehensive method is proposed, which uses a continuous method to quantify the basic emotions of each discrete dimension, and finally superimposes them into a comprehensive emotional synthesis model. Emotion modeling is the basis of emotion visualization. Borrowing the relationship between emotion synthesis model and visual emotion elements, this article puts forward the concept of qualitative and quantitative visual emotion elements, and expounds that the multidimensional superposition of visual emotion elements makes dynamic three-dimensional painting system emotions. The experimental results in this article show that the emotional visualization scheme of 100 samples is tested by quantitative statistical methods to demonstrate its effectiveness. Starting from 5 points of concern, the emotion visualization method discussed in this article can indeed convey or suggest a certain positive emotion (the average value of experience, transitivity, and infectiousness > 2.5, and the variance is close to 0), but we also found this recognition at the same time The degree is not high enough, and individual differences are large (mean value < 2.5, variance close to 1). This can indicate that different subjects have different feelings and evaluations of this emotional visualization. As long as the difference is within a reasonable range, this emotional visualization also has practical value, and has the ability to convey or suggest emotions.

Planning staffing in the implementation of the national project "Fight against cancer"

Introduction. The leading reason for the growth of oncological morbidity and mortality is the untimely detection and treatment of oncological diseases, restrictions on the availability of specialized oncological medical care formed by the lack of oncologists. For the implementation of the national project to combat oncological diseases, he search for ways to provide medical organizations with personnel is highly relevant. The purpose of the study is to propose ways of providing oncologists to St. Petersburg healthcare institutions at all levels based on an analysis of the staffing level of medical personnel in this profile.Materials and methods. The indicators of provision of all levels of medical organizations in St. Petersburg with oncologists were analyzed using a continuous method of observation over 5 years in the period from 2014 to 2018. The data obtained were statistically processed and used to calculate the need (surplus) in specialists of this profile, as well as to calculate indicators for long-term planning, taking into account the available staffing of medical institutions of city and federal subordination.Results and Discussion. The positive dynamics of staffing of doctors-oncologists, especially individuals, was noted. The growth of the indicator in the analyzed period was 13.6%, which did not allow achieving satisfactory indicators: the staffing rate of oncologists was 88.8%, individuals – 86.1%. Differences in the staffing of medical organizations of various types were noted in 2018: the staffing rate in outpatient medical organizations was 81.7%, and in individuals – 66.7%; in hospitals staffing was 95.6%, and in individuals – 91.6%. Calculations of e deficit (surplus) in the staff of oncologists for medical organizations of all types made it possible to establish that there is no pronounced deficit in specialists, but there is a disproportion in their provision, at a loss for outpatient medical organizations. The calculated prospective need for targeted training of oncologists for medical institutions in St. Petersburg amounted to 18 specialists annually.Conclusion. The actual indicators of staffing of the St. Petersburg oncological service at all levels have been established, approaches have been proposed to meet the needs of medical organizations for oncologists. The implementation of the national project to combat oncological diseases will contribute to the early detection of oncological diseases, increasing the availability of medical care provided for them.