scholarly journals Education among Scheduled Caste Population in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Harihar Sahoo ◽  
Sumana Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
State Governments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scheduled Castes ◽  
Drop Outs

Lack of education among the scheduled castes (SC) population in India may be the main reason for remaining at the lower end of the social structure. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the changing trends in literacy among the SC to find out the determinants of higher education and to explore the major reasons for never enrolling or discontinuing/dropping out from educational institutions among the SC population in India. Using the data from the Census of India and also from National Sample Survey and employing both bivariate and multivariate analysis, the results reveal that though there is an increasing trend in the literacy rate among the SC population, but the rates remain quite below the national average. Gender disparity in literacy is quite evident. The low level of higher education mainly due to reasons like failing in examinations, heavy drop-outs and stagnation caused by their poor socio-economic background. Despite various efforts by the central and state governments to eradicate differences in educational attainment among the social groups through several constitutional steps from time to time there still remain gaps to be bridged.

The Cost of Being ‘Backward’ in India: Socio-religious Discrimination in the Labour Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 097370302110296
Author(s):  
Soumyajit Chakraborty ◽  
Alok K. Bohara
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Capital Endowment ◽  
Scheduled Castes ◽  
Sample Survey Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Human Capital Endowment

Being from backward castes, classes and Muslims in India has an economic cost associated with the nature of institutional discrimination. Using the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey data, this study identifies that caste and religion still rule the modern Indian labour market. We find that discrimination is evident in the socio-religious earnings gaps. While the parametric decompositions suggest that most of these gaps are due to differential human capital endowment, the nonparametric method almost evenly attributes inequality to discrimination and endowment. The results presented in this study suggest that discrimination against Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Muslims and Other Backward Classes should be included in policy designs to promote equity in the Indian labour market.

Gender Bias in Education Expenditure among Religious and Social Groups: A Case Study for Below Class 10 Level in West Bengal

2021 ◽  
pp. 097674792110464
Author(s):  
Chayanika Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
The Social

This article attempts to capture gender bias in education expenditure among the religious (Hindu, Muslim and others) and the social groups (SC, ST and General) in West Bengal. Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition technique is used to obtain gender bias for a specific demographic group. Further, an attempt has been made to identify the religious or social groups with the acute problem of gender bias. In this work, 71st round (January–June 2014) education expenditure data (individual level) provided by NSSO (National Sample Survey Office) is used. JEL: I24, R1, C55

scholarly journals Gender Disparity And Women Leadership In Educational Institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-257
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Zarif ◽  
Safia Urooj ◽  
Abdul Nabi Gorchani
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Women Leaders ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Pakistani Women ◽  
Higher Educational

Since the world has rapidly turned into the global village in very short span of time by entering into the 21st Century. The advanced communication has made everything available at the door steps. Huge developments in every sphere of life have been taken place despite human beings have still been accomplishing much-more out of which the inequity and gender disparity is one of those concerns being faced by the world. Now days mostly Pakistani women are active to take part in every field like health, politics even in labor and especially in education sector from lower to higher education. Pakistani women are also playing the important role in the field of education specifically in educational administrative positions from lower to higher education. This research study intended to measure the magnitude of gender disparity in educational institutions of District Shaheed Benazirabad (SBA) of Province Sindh, Pakistan. This research study was quantitative by method and descriptive in nature. The population of this research study was, those women leaders working in educational institutions of District Shaheed Benazirabad, and were performing leadership role in one or other way. The sample of this study was 48 women leaders having proportion of seventy percent of the total population. The data was analyzed through SPSS software, 22 version. This research study found that women leaders working in higher educational institutions have least career related opportunities, they are also put on distance to possess managerial and administrative opportunities and have least support from their high ups and stakeholders as compare to their counter gender in higher educational institutions of District Shaheed Benazirabad. This research study recommended that the women leaders might be given career, managerial and administrative related opportuinities and support and encouragement from their high ups and stakeholders for carrying out their leadership responsibilities.

Blockchain Technology in Higher Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irshad Hussain ◽  
Ozlem Cakir
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Distributed Learning ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
The Social

Blockchain, which is also called a distributed ledger technology (DLT), is an emerging and ever advancing technology having flourishing potential for nourishing and revolutionizing higher education. It stems in decentralization and distributed learning with characteristics of permanence of records, pursuit and transfer of knowledge, authority of institutions, and reliability of teaching and learning. These characteristics of blockchain attract educational institutions particularly the higher education institutions to adopt it. However, in spite of all potential and benefits of blockchain technology, the higher education stakeholders currently seem to be less aware of the social benefits and educational/instructional potential of blockchain technology. It can be addressed through proper advocacy and campaign. The complete chapter will demonstrate possibilities of blockchain technologies in higher education along with its issues and challenges.

Injuries of Class: Mass Education and the American Campus Novel

PMLA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Findeisen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Mass Education ◽  
Mass Higher Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
American Campus ◽  
American Society ◽  
The University

Although many believe that “mass higher education” increased opportunity and egalitarianism in postwar American society, the reality has been quite different. While a greater proportion of students are enrolled in higher-educational institutions now than at any other point in history, economic inequality is at an all-time high. Postwar American campus novels largely misunderstand this historical development. While the genre represents the university as an institution that combats social inequality by expanding enrollment, these novels simultaneously obscure the social inequality that the university cannot combat and instead helps to legitimate. The symbolic work of American campus novels has thus been to imagine a system that stages social conflicts between the deserving and the elite when in fact the postwar meritocracy has made the two categories functionally indistinguishable.

scholarly journals Chilean management education: rhetoric of pragmatism, consumerism, individualism and elitism

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-387
Author(s):  
Marcela Mandiola Cotroneo ◽  
Paula Ascorra Costa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Business Education ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Social

The aim of this paper is to understand the character and the role of higher education in business in relation to the wider institutional and structural contexts within which they function. Being loyal to that widespread background, business schools in Chile have become efficient providers of appropriate goods and services for their respective clients and consumers, behaving more like corporations and businesses rather than educational institutions. From this perspective, business education's alignment with the wider political and socio-economic shifts associated with the developments of market economies and economic globalization is a necessary reflection. In this paper we will provide an account of our problematization of management education practices in Chile. This practice was pictured as one of the main characters at the forefront of the Chilean neo-liberal revolution during the final years of the last century. In particular, we will unravel more closely the chain of signifiers articulating the meaning of Chilean higher business education. This articulation is recuperated mainly around how those involved in the management education practice talk about (our)themselves. As well as specialised press writings, some academic accounts and fragments from our own 'ethnographic' involvement are used for this purpose. Particular attention is paid to the social, political and fantasmatic logics (GLYNOS; HOWARTH, 2007) as key elements of our own explanation of this practice, which in turn informs our critical standpoint.

scholarly journals Programming the platform university: Learning analytics and predictive infrastructures in higher education

2020 ◽  
pp. 003452372096562
Author(s):  
Carlo Perrotta
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Learning Analytics ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Scientific Study ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Human Actors

This article offers a case study of how platforms and predictive infrastructures are emerging in higher education. It examines a Learning Analytics Application Programming Interface (API) from a popular Learning Management System. The API is treated firstly as an artefact based on the computational abstraction of educational principles, and secondly as an empirical entry point to investigate the emergence of a Learning Analytics infrastructure in a large Australian university. Through in-depth ethnographic interviews and the interpretative analysis of software development workflows, the paper describes an API-mediated platformisation process involving a range of actors and systems: computational experts, algorithms, data-savvy administrative staff and large corporate actors inserting themselves through back-ends and various other dependencies. In the conclusion, the article argues that the platformisation of higher education is part of a broader project that mobilises programmability and computation to re-engineer educational institutions in the interest of efficiency and prediction. However, the social-scientific study of this project cannot ignore the practical and compromised dimension where human actors and technical systems interact and, in the process, generate meaning.

Is Distance to Secondary School a Barrier to Secondary and Higher Education in India?

2021 ◽  
pp. 097639962110350
Author(s):  
Bibhunandini Das ◽  
Amarendra Das
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
National Sample Survey ◽  
Education In India

This article has examined the implications of distance to secondary school on the achievement of secondary and higher education in India. Using the 71st round of National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) data, the article found that distance to secondary school beyond 2–3 km reduces the chances of getting secondary and higher education. For female members, secondary schools located beyond 2–3 km become a barrier to secondary and higher education; however, the distance beyond 5 km matters for male members. Economically better-off households and larger households have higher chances of completing secondary and higher education. Scheduled tribe households and households with casual workers have fewer chances of getting secondary or higher education. The households living in states with better transport facilities to the secondary schools have higher chances of getting secondary and higher education.

Poverty and Inequality in Maharashtra: Inter-group Differentials and Its Determinants

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaya Kumar Naik ◽  
Nitin Tagade
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Caste ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Scheduled Castes

This article examines the inequality and poverty across socio-religious groups in Maharashtra. It also examines the relative strength of factors affecting inequality and poverty and decomposes the differences in income between scheduled castes (SCs) and Hindu high castes (HHCs) based on the 68th National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) survey on consumption expenditure. The results show that consumption expenditure is substantially low among marginalised communities leading to high inter-group inequality. The relative strength of the factors affecting earnings across socio-religious groups shows that the overall inter-group disparities are due to inter-caste differences in the rates of return on assets, asset ownership and caste identity. Also, poverty reducing factors, such as ownership of agricultural land, non-farm enterprises/business and education, impact differently in reducing poverty, their relative impact in reducing poverty being less for schedule tribes (ST) and SC compared to OBC and high caste. Due to high education and greater ownership of capital assets by high caste, they have significant higher income and low poverty levels compared to Hindu other backward castes (HOBC), SC and ST and Muslim.

Tenancy Transition and the Effect of Liberalisation on Agricultural Land Leasing

Social Change ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-452
Author(s):  
Ch. Sankar Rao
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Tenant Farmer ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
Land Leasing

This article studies tenancy transition in India during 2002–2012 and critically assesses the proposed Model Agricultural Land Leasing Act, 2016 in addressing the country’s current tenancy problems. The article is based on the National Sample Survey Organisation data of the 59th and 70th Rounds. Tenancy in India during the period studied has seen the increasing dominance of large-size farm holdings which have posed challenges to agriculture in India. The legalisation of leases, without disturbing the ownership rights of land owners, is essential for tenants and ensures them security, institutional credit and other governmental benefits. However, a complete liberalisation of the lease market without any legal stipulation on the duration, amount and registration of the lease, and the legal acceptability of lease documents to access institutional credit, crop insurance and other subsidised inputs may not provide a level playing field to the tenant farmer, especially when the lessor is rich and powerful. These concerns need to be addressed by the Model Act 2016 so as not to impinge on the goals of equity and efficiency enshrined in the Act. These concerns should also be addressed by all state governments as they frame tenancy laws in the future.

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