Tenancy Transition and the Effect of Liberalisation on Agricultural Land Leasing

Social Change ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-452
Author(s):  
Ch. Sankar Rao
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Tenant Farmer ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
Land Leasing

This article studies tenancy transition in India during 2002–2012 and critically assesses the proposed Model Agricultural Land Leasing Act, 2016 in addressing the country’s current tenancy problems. The article is based on the National Sample Survey Organisation data of the 59th and 70th Rounds. Tenancy in India during the period studied has seen the increasing dominance of large-size farm holdings which have posed challenges to agriculture in India. The legalisation of leases, without disturbing the ownership rights of land owners, is essential for tenants and ensures them security, institutional credit and other governmental benefits. However, a complete liberalisation of the lease market without any legal stipulation on the duration, amount and registration of the lease, and the legal acceptability of lease documents to access institutional credit, crop insurance and other subsidised inputs may not provide a level playing field to the tenant farmer, especially when the lessor is rich and powerful. These concerns need to be addressed by the Model Act 2016 so as not to impinge on the goals of equity and efficiency enshrined in the Act. These concerns should also be addressed by all state governments as they frame tenancy laws in the future.

Poverty and Inequality in Maharashtra: Inter-group Differentials and Its Determinants

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaya Kumar Naik ◽  
Nitin Tagade
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Caste ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Scheduled Castes

This article examines the inequality and poverty across socio-religious groups in Maharashtra. It also examines the relative strength of factors affecting inequality and poverty and decomposes the differences in income between scheduled castes (SCs) and Hindu high castes (HHCs) based on the 68th National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) survey on consumption expenditure. The results show that consumption expenditure is substantially low among marginalised communities leading to high inter-group inequality. The relative strength of the factors affecting earnings across socio-religious groups shows that the overall inter-group disparities are due to inter-caste differences in the rates of return on assets, asset ownership and caste identity. Also, poverty reducing factors, such as ownership of agricultural land, non-farm enterprises/business and education, impact differently in reducing poverty, their relative impact in reducing poverty being less for schedule tribes (ST) and SC compared to OBC and high caste. Due to high education and greater ownership of capital assets by high caste, they have significant higher income and low poverty levels compared to Hindu other backward castes (HOBC), SC and ST and Muslim.

scholarly journals SISTEM BAGI HASIL PADA USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN LANGOWAN UTARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Andre Rolef Bawohan ◽  
Theodora Maulina Katiandagho ◽  
Mex Frans Lodwyk Sondakh
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
District Office ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Tenant Farmer ◽  
The Village ◽  
Descriptive Method

The purpose of this study was to determine the profit sharing system between land owners and tenants in Langowan Utara Sub-District. This research was conducted for three months at Langowan Utara District from November 2020 to January 2021. The data used in this study are primary data which is processed based on interviews with 15 tenant farmer respondents who were taken intentionally and secondary data were obtained from the village office and sub-district office and literature in libraries and on the internet related to this research. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The results showed that the sharing of agricultural land in the village was carried out with a system of three or 1:2, the division was that the tenant farmers got two parts and the owner farmers got one share, the provision of seeds, fertilizers, labor, etc. until the harvest period is borne by the cultivator while the owner farmer only receives the net harvest without paying any fees.

scholarly journals Education among Scheduled Caste Population in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Harihar Sahoo ◽  
Sumana Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
State Governments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scheduled Castes ◽  
Drop Outs

Lack of education among the scheduled castes (SC) population in India may be the main reason for remaining at the lower end of the social structure. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the changing trends in literacy among the SC to find out the determinants of higher education and to explore the major reasons for never enrolling or discontinuing/dropping out from educational institutions among the SC population in India. Using the data from the Census of India and also from National Sample Survey and employing both bivariate and multivariate analysis, the results reveal that though there is an increasing trend in the literacy rate among the SC population, but the rates remain quite below the national average. Gender disparity in literacy is quite evident. The low level of higher education mainly due to reasons like failing in examinations, heavy drop-outs and stagnation caused by their poor socio-economic background. Despite various efforts by the central and state governments to eradicate differences in educational attainment among the social groups through several constitutional steps from time to time there still remain gaps to be bridged.

scholarly journals Land, Income and Land-Use Diversification in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Northern Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddique Baig ◽  
Syed Muhammad Jibran Shah ◽  
Bahadar Nawab Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Increasing Demand

The natural and man-made landscape settings in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Northern Pakistan have significantly changed in the last decade due to increasing demands of urbanized populace, migration, two major natural disasters, and climate change. The aim of this study is to analyze land possession, income and land-use diversification of KPK administered Charsadda district. Field data is collected through a sample survey. Furthermore, freely available Landsat 7 satellite images are used to classify land-use classes (e.g. vegetation, built-up) for two different years (e.g. 2005 and 2017) for cross-verification and comparison. The highest 45% of 80% land-owners occupy land-area between 1-10 hectares. Annually, the highest 57.5% of the total farmers / employed in-habitants of surveyed regions earn more than Rs. 100,000 or ~ $ 970 from agriculture activities. About 41.9% land-area covered by agricultural-land is transformed into built-up area since 2007, which is attributed to the increasing demand for buildings and commercial markets. The highest diversification is reported in Naguman area of Charsadda district followed by Rajjar and Niami. Population growth and huge migration of displaced persons from neighboring tribal areas are likely to be few factors which contributed to such a drastic change in land-use pattern since 2007 to 2017. Urgent attention of the policy makers, agricultural experts and society is required to minimize land degradation and to thwart further agricultural-land loss.

AP Land Licensed Cultivators Act in Retrospect and Prospect

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Samba Murty ◽  
M. Srinivasa Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Insurance ◽  
The State ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Composite State ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Land Leasing

The Licensed Cultivators Act, 2011 of the composite state of Andhra Pradesh (AP) breaks a new ground in that it seeks to issue loan eligibility cards (LECs) to tenants and thereby entitle them to gain access to bank credit, crop insurance, input subsidies and disaster relief. Noting that the Act presently bestows benefits on only a limited number of tenants—because the landlords, threatened by the provisions of the tenancy acts of the state, thwart the attempts of the revenue authorities in the issue of LECs—the article suggests that the incorporation of the liberal provisions of the Model Agricultural Land Leasing Act, 2016, formulated by the Expert Committee on Land Leasing, into the statutes of AP would serve the desired purpose eminently. It also argues that the rationale behind the Model Act, 2016 is sound, and that it can for sure prop up equity and efficiency in the land lease market in the contemporary setting.

scholarly journals Land, Income and Land-Use Diversification in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Northern Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddique Ullah Baig ◽  
Syed Muhammad Jibran Shah ◽  
Bahadar Nawab Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Increasing Demand

The natural and man-made landscape settings in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Northern Pakistan have significantly changed in the last decade due to increasing demands of urbanized populace, migration, two major natural disasters, and climate change. The aim of this study is to analyze land possession, income and land-use diversification of KPK administered Charsadda district. Field data is collected through a sample survey. Furthermore, freely available Landsat 7 satellite images are used to classify land-use classes (e.g., vegetation, built-up) for two different years (e.g., 2005 and 2017) for cross-verification and comparison. The highest 45% of 80% land-owners occupy land-area between 1–10 hectares. Annually, the highest 57.5% of the total farmers / employed in-habitants of surveyed regions earn more than Rs. 100,000 or ~$970 from agriculture activities. About 41.9% land-area covered by agricultural-land is transformed into built-up area since 2007, which is attributed to the increasing demand for buildings and commercial markets. The highest diversification is reported in Naguman area of Charsadda district followed by Rajjar and Niami. Population growth and huge migration of displaced persons from neighboring tribal areas are likely to be few factors which contributed to such a drastic change in land-use pattern since 2007 to 2017. Urgent attention of the policy makers, agricultural experts and society is required to minimize land degradation and to thwart further agricultural-land loss.

Political Economy of Land Tax in Pakistan

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-853
Author(s):  
Sarfraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Finance Development ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Formed Part

Taxation of the agricultural sector is a major instrument for mobilization of the surplus to finance development projects within the agricultural sector and/or the rest of the economy. For many years, the need for a heavier taxation of agricultural land has formed part of the conventional wisdom regarding the ways of extracting agricultural surplus and increasing the tempo of agricultural development in poor countries. Land taxes have both equity and efficiency properties that gladden the hearts of both economists and vocal politicians belonging to urban areas. Taxes on land promote efficiency in the allocation of scarce resources by creating incentives for farmers to increase their effort and reduce their consumption, thus expanding the amount of agricultural produce available to the non-agricultural sectors of the economy. A tax on land has an important redistributive function because its incidence falls squarely on the landlord and is shifted neither forward to consumers nor backwards to suppliers of agricultural inputs; nor does it introduce distortions in the allocation of productive resources.

INFLUENCE OF WEATHER ON TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT MIGRATION IN RURAL INDIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350007 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. KAVI KUMAR ◽  
BRINDA VISWANATHAN
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
Sample Survey Data ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Temporary Migrants

While a wide range of factors influence rural–rural and rural–urban migration in developing countries, there is significant interest in analyzing the role of agricultural distress and growing inter-regional differences in fueling such movement. This strand of research acquires importance in the context of climate change adaptation. In the Indian context, this analysis gets further complicated due to the significant presence of temporary migration. This paper analyzes how weather and its variability affects both temporary and permanent migration in India using National Sample Survey data for the year 2007–2008. The paper finds that almost all of the rural–urban migrants are permanent. Only temperature plays a role in permanent migration. In contrast, many temporary migrants are rural–rural and both temperature and rainfall explain temporary migration.

The Cost of Being ‘Backward’ in India: Socio-religious Discrimination in the Labour Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 097370302110296
Author(s):  
Soumyajit Chakraborty ◽  
Alok K. Bohara
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Capital Endowment ◽  
Scheduled Castes ◽  
Sample Survey Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Human Capital Endowment

Being from backward castes, classes and Muslims in India has an economic cost associated with the nature of institutional discrimination. Using the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey data, this study identifies that caste and religion still rule the modern Indian labour market. We find that discrimination is evident in the socio-religious earnings gaps. While the parametric decompositions suggest that most of these gaps are due to differential human capital endowment, the nonparametric method almost evenly attributes inequality to discrimination and endowment. The results presented in this study suggest that discrimination against Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Muslims and Other Backward Classes should be included in policy designs to promote equity in the Indian labour market.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document